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Psych 1X03 C01 Professor Kim & Professor Cheal 05/28/12 Cherrys work inspired cognitive model comparing attention to filter sifting distractions away, only allowing important info through o Filter & spotlight model propose different mechanism for attention o Examinging flower in green grass Spotlight: attention would enhance processing of single flower relative to grass Filter: attention helps us ignore grass & allows flower to continue for processing INFO FILTER FURTHER PROCESSING Broadbents Single Filter Model First model of attention in 1958 interested in practical problems Used data from behavioural experiments to infer functional stages of cognitive processing Single Filter Model attention filter selects important info on basis of characteristics o Allows that info to continue for further processing o Info not passed through early physical filter = eliminated Broadbent extended Cherrys work dichotic listening paradigm o Headphones on subject, different message into each ear must repeat back message o asked question about attended ear = no problem; unattended ear no info processed rarely noticed major changes in message in unattended ear (language) attentional filter only allows info coming through attended ear to get further processed Limitations of Model assumes no additional processing of unattended signals o Von Wright suggested some info processed in unattended ear 1st part of study classical conditioning paradigm used to associate a word with electric shock 2nd part of study dichotic listening experiment When participants heard similar word/sound/meaning to conditional word, in attended ear, they reacted with conditional response (expected) Same thing happened in unattended ear some form of sound/meaning able to pass through the filter o Breakthrough participants able to remember important info in unattended stream Common when unattended info =highly relevant Crowded, loud room someone calls your name Broadbents theory can explain findings of shadowing paradigm, not cocktail party effect
Psych 1X03 C01 Professor Kim & Professor Cheal 05/28/12 This model explains Broadbents findings from dichotic listening paradigm Also explains breakthrough & results of Von Wright Broadbent accepted new findings as reason to revise influential theory
Module 7: Conclusion
Importance of Attention Attentional errors forgetting to put milk back in fridge Chronic attentional errors attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, insomnia o Most severe hemispatial neglect: damage to right parietal lobe of brain see objects to the left but fail to pay full attention (eating food only on right side of plate)
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