Preventive Measures on How to Control Pornographic Viewing among Children Ages 13-18

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of the College of Nursing of Cebu Sacred Heart College

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject Nursing Research for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Elemino, Bert Ann S. Tan, Lovelle O.

March 2013

APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON HOW TO

CONTROL PORNOGRAPHIC VIEWING AMONG CHILDREN AGES 13-18 titled by Elemino, Bert Ann S. and Tan, Lovelle O. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Nursing Research has been examined PROPOSAL.
THESIS COMMITTEE Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN ADVISER Noravil L. Ramirez, RN, MAN MEMBER Ricardo O. Obenza, RN MEMBER Nestor Nio L. Saldivar Jr., RN MEMBER Henry Nio O. Romas, RN, MEMBER Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN CHAIRMAN PANEL OF EXAMINERS Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN ADVISER Noravil L. Ramirez, RN, MAN MEMBER Ricardo O. Obenza, RN MEMBER Nestor Nio L. Saldivar Jr., RN MEMBER Henry Nio O. Romas, RN, MEMBER Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN CHAIRMAN

and

is

recommended

for

acceptance

and

for

ORAL

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Nursing Research. Date of Oral Proposal: Date of Final Defense: May 22, 2012 September 19, 2012

NELIA A. LIBRANDO, RN, MAN Dean Cebu Sacred Heart College

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Perpetual thanks to the following people who in many ways became part of our endeavor:

To the third year High school students, who much employed their time out of hectic pace in the class. To the respondents, who were so cooperative in promulgating answers to the research tool provided. To our research adviser, Ms. Rizzelle C. Olila, who laid our basic foundation, for being so supportive in the entire period of the study and for setting the researchers on the right direction in times of doubts. To our families, for making us take up nursing and for providing us with the support needed to come up with the research. To the librarian, Ms. Rizza C. Olila, for aiding us in collecting information to support this research. To the researchers, for being partners in spending sleepless learning nights as students, for guiding each other through, and for the gift of wisdom and gift of tongue, which we promise to make full use in the journey of research. And above all, to our Heavenly Father, for being our way, our truth and our light.

THE RESEARCHERS TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE PAGE APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Rationale of the study Theoretical Background THE PROBLEM Statement of the Problem Statement of Null Hypothesis Significance of the Study RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design Research Environment Research Respondents Research Instrument Treatment of Data Definition of Terms CHAPTER II PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA TABLE I Demographic Profile of the Respondents

TABLE II PROPOSED INTERVENTION Goal Areas of Concern Rationale CHAPTER III Summary Findings Conclusion Recommendation APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F BIBLIOGRAPHY CURRICULUM VITAE Transmittal Letter Addressed to the Dean Transmittal Letter to the Respondents Transmittal Letter to the Principal Research Tool Research Time Table Research Budget

ABSTRACT Title: PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON HOW TO CONTROL

PORNOGRAPHIC VIEWING AMONG CHILDREN AGES 13-18

Author: Bert Ann S. Elemino and Lovelle O. Tan

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Nursing

School: Cebu Sacred Heart College

Adviser: Ms. Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN

Date: September 19, 2012

CONTENT ANALYSIS Objectives and Scope This research study provided essential which aimed to provide preventive measures on how to control pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18. This research utilized the proposive sampling design in which the research tools were distributed to the parents of

the 3rd year High School students at Cebu Sacred Heart College in Lawaan 1, Talisay City, Cebu. This research study involved thirty respondents particularly the parents or guardians. This study utilized a proposive sampling design which comprised of seventeen queries which were answerable by always, sometimes, and never. This study also used an open-ended type of queries which has three different queries related to the subject.

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE INTRODUCTION Rationale of the Study Internet Pornography is an online predator. It features sexually candid materials on the web and allows an individual to view streaming pornographic videos. A survey shows that there are thousands of pornographic websites on the internet, and still counting. Internet Pornography is a worldwide phenomenon and one of the fastest growing threats in the society today. It preys on adults and children alike (Cooper, Mcloughlin, & Campbell, 2000). Recognizing the ever-serious negative aspects of children using the Internet and parents' possible ignorance about their children's Internet usage and its effects explores the degree of children's exposure to negative Internet content and detects the possible discrepancy between what parents think their children are doing online and their children's actual activities. Concerned that inappropriate Internet content may jeopardize the health or safety of children. The present study is a crucial attempt that aims to address the following research inquiries with regard to children's Internet usage such like to understand the degree to which children are exposed to negative Internet content, to detect a possible discrepancy between parents' perception and children's actual exposure to negative Internet content, to examine various antecedents explaining perceived parental control over children's Internet usage, and to suggest various ways to

decrease teenagers exposure to negative Internet content (Parent Link, 2004; Wartella, Lee, & Caplovitz, 2002). Teens expose themselves to pornographic materials to satisfy their curiosity. But curiosity often results to premarital sex practices, gang rapes, and even murder. Though there is no specific solution to protect the youth from internet pornography, parents need to have hands on education about internet issues, learn the system, and uncover the dangers that threaten the life and future of their children on the internet (http://childpornography.com). No healthy parent wants to think about his child viewing pornography, but it often happens. Some researchers have stated that the average age of exposure to pornography is down to eight. Before the days of the Internet, children were typically between the ages of eleven to thirteen when they began by viewing soft-core pornography found in magazines like Playboy. Todays child lives in a culture where hard-core pornography abounds. Our children are being seduced daily, and we need to bear this fact in mind whenever we have the occasion to redirect them away from pornography. It is also extremely important that parents not direct all their efforts toward their sons at the expense of their daughters. Pornography and other sexualized media can adversely affect girls as well as boys and often leads to significant damage in their ability to form healthy relationships as an adult. Many parents will seek the help of a therapist at this point. Wisely, they want to safeguard their roles as parents, and avoid harming the relationship by making the teen feel interrogated or

ashamed as they ask such difficult questions. The therapist can also delicately approach the job of ascertaining to what extent he or she has been exposed to more severe types of pornography, without inadvertently planting ideas the teen has never even imagined. Parents can create a climate of shame that actually encourages their children to pursue illicit sexuality. If a child or teen is not able to discuss his or her questions in an age-appropriate way regarding sexuality, then the child or teen will be left with a vast vacuum of Biblical data. What will fill this vacuum? Something or someone will TV, movies, schools, peers, etc. Pornography will rush in and tell your children what to believe about sexuality. Since they already sense it is a shameful thing because their parents will not talk about it, it is no surprise to them when they are fed information through a secretive conduit. The parents view of sexuality sets the stage for the childrens view. The Bible speaks clearly, The LORD is slow to anger and abundant in loving kindness, forgiving iniquity and transgression; but He will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation, (Numbers 14:18, NASB). This is not saying that God punishes the children but that the iniquity the sin itself visits them. There is a clear causal effect when parents sin the atmosphere in the home impacts the children and induces them to sin in similar fashion (http://www.pureintimacy.org/parents/). This discrepancy leads parents to underrate the impact of media messages on their children and to not exert much control over their children's media use. This may be true for children's Internet usage, but parents know little about the possible discrepancy between

parental estimates and children's actual Internet usage. In this vein, the present study tries to detect the degree to which children are exposed to these sources of negative content and whether parents overestimate or underestimate their children's exposure to such content (Gentile & Walsh, 2002). Parents said that as more and more children access the Internet, they are being exposed to pornography and predators of the worst kind. The number of pornographic Web pages jumped from 14 million in 1998 to 260 million in 2003. This represents a nearly 2,000 percent increase of pornography available online in just five years. There are more than 100,000 adult-oriented subscription sites in the Philippines and about 400,000 sites globally (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000582.cfm). Spam mail accounted for 58 percent of the worlds e-mail in December 2003. Adult content comprised 18 percent of spam mail in December 2003.More than 80 percent of children using e-mail receives inappropriate messages, and 47 percent receive pornographic spam on a daily basis. Further, one in five children (21 percent) open and view spam e-mail. In 2002, the COPA created 150 e-mail addresses and posted them around the Web. Of those posted on childrens newsgroups, 30 percent received spam for pornography and other adult products and 10 percent received spam for hallucinogenic drugs (www.copacommission.org/Philippines_2003.html). A 2001 survey of adult-oriented sites showed that a majority displayed adult content on the first page, which anyone could see. Nearly two-thirds (66 percent) did not indicate the adult nature of the site and only 11 percent included such a notice and also did not feature adult content on the first page. About 25 percent of adult sites

hindered the user from leaving. Only three percent required a credit card or other "adult check" to proceed past the first page of the site, where free content could be viewed (www.copacommission.org/Philippines_2003.html). A representative of the Internet pornography industry told the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) Commission in July 2000 that 19 percent of visitors to the top adult-oriented Web reviewed by his group were under age 15. The Pew Internet and American Life Project found that 15 percent of online teens (19 percent of boys and 11 percent of girls ages 12 to 17) say they have lied about their age to gain access to a Web site an action most often involved in gaining access to pornographic sites. One-quarter of boys ages 15 to 17 have claimed to be older to gain access to a site (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000582.cfm). According to Nielsen/Net ratings, nearly 16 percent of viewers of adult-oriented Web sites in February 2002 were under age 18. A survey found that children both male and female believed they could do the following without their parents knowledge: 86 percent chat in a chat room; 57 percent read their parents email;54 percent carry on a cyber romance; 46 percent set up a meeting with someone they met online; 42 percent view a porn site (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000582.cfm). Six of 10 online children have gotten an email or instant message (IM) from a perfect stranger; 63 percent of those who have gotten such emails or IMs say they have responded to the strangers. Overall, 50 percent of those who use instant messaging, email, or chat rooms have corresponded via IM or email with people that they have never met face-to-face. When asked, most teens say they do not tell

their

parents

when

stranger

contacts

them

(http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000582.cfm). The Research Institute found that 30 percent of children (female) have been sexually harassed in a chat room. Of those who were harassed: 30 percent got out and didnt tell anyone; 28 percent wrote a nasty note back; 21 percent did nothing because it is a common occurrence; 14 percent told friends; 7 percent told their mom or dad (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000582.cfm). Of youth who say they had talked online with people they did not know in person, 12 percent had sent a picture to the person, and 7 percent have willingly talked about sex. In addition, 5 percent of youth have posted a picture of themselves for general viewing and 11 percent have posted personal information in a public space, mostly their last name. Children make decisions about online behavior based on the following criteria: 84 percent use their "common sense";51 percent follow parents advice;46 percent take hints from the TV or things they have read;29 percent listen to teachers warnings;4 percent believe "nothing is really bad online because it isnt real. More than half (55 percent) of children ages 12 to 15 say they do not tell their parents percent of everything them admit to they breaking do those online. rules Three-fourths of children say their parents have rules for the Internet. Forty-three (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000591.cfm). Expert says parents need to understand the technology they are putting in the hands of their children. At first, kids browse materials with sexual contents out of sheer fan and curiosity, but little parents dont know how these materials affect their children. Family safe

media shows that children as young as 11 have their first exposure to pornographic materials most of the time. They have viewed them while doing their homework (Health & Home, October 2006, pp.11). Many people are debating that cyber porn is an issue of parental guidance and corporate responsibility, but this is no longer new. In fact this is only one among the typical crimes proliferating over the web today. Although pornography has long been one of societys problems, it is used to be only in the margins until the internet brought it to the mainstream (Health & Home, October 2006, pp.11). In current times, traditional attitudes exist alongside much more liberal attitudes toward sexuality, which developed particularly strongly in the 1960s. Some people, particularly those influenced by Christian teachings, believed that premarital sex is wrong and generally frown on all forms of sexual behavior except heterosexual activity within the confines of marriage-although it is now much more commonly accepted that sexual pleasure is a desirable and important feature of marriage. Others, by contrast, condone or actively approve of premarital sex and hold tolerant attitudes toward different sexual practices. Sexual attitudes have undoubtedly become more permissive over the past thirty years. In movies and plays, scenes are shown that previously would have been completely unacceptable, while pornographic material is readily available to most adults who want it (Introduction to Sociology, 6th Ed., Norton, and P.597). A society must develop programs and policies that support families and reduce stresses and inequities. This includes inadequate and appropriate day care for children and incapacitated elders, equity in salary and wages to make women less financing dependent, public education that ensures an adequate foundation for full employment of

all, and sufficient financing of prevention and treatment programs. (Principle and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing, 8 th Ed., Elsevier Mosby P.804) The prevalence of violence on television, in movies, and in advertising plays a role in creating a social climate that says violence is exciting and appropriate. The average child watches television 20 hours a week. Violent content in childrens video and computer games and on internet also are of great concern (Principle and practice of Psychiatric Nursing, 8th Edition, Elsevier Mosby, Gail W. Stuart, and Michelle T. Laraia). The body of research on pornography reveals a number of negative attitudes and behaviors that are connected with its use. It functions as a teacher, a permission-giver, and a trigger of these negative behaviors and attitudes. !e damage is seen in men, women, and children, and to both married and single adults. Thus, it involves both illegal and pathological behaviors (http://childpornography.com/behavior). Another thing that keeps these websites going is the amount of money that can, and is being made with business. Some reports show that child pornography over the internet is more than a 50 billion dollar a year. With technology growing faster everyday and the internet being such an instant source gratification in many ways has become easier for people who run child pornography sites to earn in a short span of time. However, people and organizations in some of these countries are trying to help expose these child pornographers. There are organizations that work with local and federal agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation to help locate and round up the people running these child pornography rings and put a stop to

the people using them. In the past year, there have been 2 major child pornography rings busted. In both cases, the people running the rings were spread across more than one country (http://www.ed.uic.edu/wp.netfiles.uiuc.edu.kleckaus.www/childpornoi grpahy.html). Primary prevention is an activity that stops a problem before it occurs. Effective primary prevention includes eliminating cultural norms and values that accept and glamorize violence. This can begin by limiting the amount of violence permitted on television and in other media (Principle and practice of Psychiatric Nursing, 8 th Edition, Elsevier Mosby, Gail W. Stuart, and Michelle T. Laraia).

Review of Related Literature Internet pornography will never bring anything good to anybody. Its one of the issues that confront mans morality. It has a greater involvement in deviant sexual practice. Exposure to graphics with explicit sex scenes and lewd acts leave disturbing imprints on the mind. Such exposure urges adults to engage in sexual activities within and outside marriage bonds. And it, too, possesses a very destructive effect in a teens life and drags them to explore sex early. As a consequence, teens develop a wrong understanding about sex (Cooper, Mcloughlin, & Campbell, 2000). The Internet is becoming ever more accessible to people of all socioeconomic status, age, and across population. It is a great source of entertainment and information on a wide variety of topics. It is no wonder that 9-15 million people, and growing, use it per day (Cooper, McLoughlin, & Campbell, 2000). The Internet has impacted lives by providing a convenient way to access current events, pay monthly bills, and shop. In addition, the Internet has affected sexuality (Cooper, Mcloughlin, & Campbell, 2000). More specifically, concerning children's Internet usage, it found out that parental attitude and guidance significantly influence children's judgment of quality Internet materials. Recognizing the importance of family context on children's Internet usage, the present study tries to examine the role of family context (parent-child communication, relationship, and activity) on children's exposure to Internet content and parents' control over children's Internet use. In

short, the research contributes to this area in the following three aspects namely, understanding children's actual Internet usage in terms of content not by websites or general activities, examining the role of family environment on children's negative Internet exposure, and providing a theoretical framework to explain children's exposure to negative Internet content and parents' perceived control over their children's Internet usage (Wartella et al. 2000). In fall 2002, 99% of public schools in the United States had access to the Internet and 64% of children ages 5 to 17 had Internet access at home. Children ages 13 to 17 spent more time online than watching television, 3.5 hours for online versus 3.1 hours for television per day, and used the Internet mostly for exploration (surfing and searching), followed by education (learning and homework), multimedia (music, video, etc.), communications (e-mail, chat, and instant messages), games, and e-commerce (National Center for Education Statistics, 2002). Expert says parents need to understand the technology they are putting in the hands of children. At first, kids browse materials with sexual contents out of sheer fan and curiosity, but parents dont know how these materials affect their children. Family safe media show that children as young as 11 have their first exposure to pornographic materials most of the time. They have viewed them while doing their homework (Wartella, Lee, & Caplovitz, 2002). As of 2003, there were 1.3 million pornographic websites with 260 million pages. The total porn industry revenue for 2005 was $ 97 billion worldwide US adult DVD/ video rentals; in 2006, was $13.3 billion in the United States. More than 20,000 images of child pornography posted online every week (National Society for the

Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 10/8/03). Approximately 20% of all internet pornography involves children. Child pornography was a $ 3 billion annual industry. As of December 2005, 100,000 websites offer illegal child pornography (National Center for Mission & Exploited Children, 2005). The Internet not only provides significant benefits for teenagers, such as research access, socialization, entertainment, and a communication tool with families, but it also connotes negative aspects such as violence, pornography, hate sites, isolation, predators, and commercialism (Media Awareness, 2003). The Internet has become an indispensable element of life for most people in the contemporary world, teenagers and even children are not excluded. Because the availability of internet access is found everywhere, in schools and libraries, teenagers are increasingly becoming involved in this new technology (Steyer & Clinton, 2003). Nine out of ten children aged between the ages of 8 and 16 have viewed pornography on the internet, in most cases unintentionally. Average age of first internet exposure to pornography was 11 years old. Largest consumer of Internet Pornography was between 12- 17 year- old age groups (various sources, as of 2007). Youth with significant exposure to sexuality in the media were shown to be significantly more likely to have had intercourse at ages 14- 16 (Pediatrics, 5th Edition, April 2006). One of the most worrisome findings is the link between local producers and networks of pornographers operating overseas for the purposes of distributing child pornography over the Internet. The study was commissioned by UNICEF and conducted by the Programme on Psychosocial Trauma and Human Rights of the University of the

Philippines Center for Integrative and Developmental Studies (UP CIDS) (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). Dr. Nicholas Alipui, Country Representative of UNICEF Philippines, explains: "We commissioned this study because of persistent rumors and anecdotes, mainly coming from the experience of children themselves, who have been trafficked and forced into prostitution. Digital technology, with its obvious attractions for children, can facilitate recruitment of kids into this practice. It can also be seen as a 'safer' form of prostitution (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). The study details the way Internet technology makes it difficult for officials to monitor and investigate the criminal practice. It is increasingly clear that un-chaperoned Internet use by children leaves them vulnerable to child pornographers through e-mail, chat rooms, web sites, web cameras and Internet cafes. Digital cameras and mobile phones equipped with cameras are also reported as being used to produce and disseminate child pornography (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). It is reported that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are resistant to divulging personal information of users suspected of being pornographers or pedophiles. In addition, credit card companies do not make sufficient efforts to assist in law enforcement citing privacy rights (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). According to Castillo, child pornographers scout their victims usually in very poor communities. From the reports we received, child pornography producers usually have foreigners as financers. Our country is also very lax when it comes to welcoming foreigners. Visas are not needed to enter and stay in our country up to three months

which makes transactions very easy, she also noted. They usually talk to the parents and pay in advance. They usually use deceptive tactics. Either they tell them that their children will work as maids or as factory workers. From there, the child is left without a choice but to go with them, Castillo said. She added, Sometimes, older children, usually in high school, willingly approach the perpetrators because they are so poor they are left with no choice. (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). MANILA, 5 April 2005 Carol Bellamy, outgoing executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund, today joined Secretary Corazon Soliman to of the Department findings of of a Social new Welfare study, and "Child Development launch the

Pornography in the Philippines." The study found extensive evidence that child pornography is occurring in the Philippines as a result of both foreign and domestic perpetrators seeking to exploit poor and vulnerable families and children (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). The Manila Times Internet edition presents an average of 1, 320 Filipinos going online daily for cyber sex at yahoo. In this veritable beehive of manufactured identities, it is difficult, if not almost impossible to determine the age brackets of chatters indulging in cyber sex. It is not only an issue of decency and morality we are talking about, but a cycle of bad activity which children suffer toward the period of their adolescence (Heath & Home, October 2006, pg.13- 14). Parents must be more vigilant in monitoring the internet activities of their children. Parents and children must develop a healthy and closer relationship; spend quality time as a family to divert

childrens attention from internet pornography. Like drugs, internet pornography is addicting. Porn addiction is a question about morality. It doesnt give glory to God but is a blatant desecration of the inherent sacredness of the human body (Health & Home, October 2006). Since the beginning of the internet age, pornography has been consumed in greater quantities than ever before in human history, and its content has grown more graphic. Recent research suggests that pornography consumption especially consumption of a more hard-core or violent sort has negative effects on individuals and society. More studies are necessary, but a growing body of research strongly suggests that for some users pornography can be psychologically addictive, and can negatively affect the quality of interpersonal relationships, sexual health and performance, and social expectations about sexual behavior. Widespread pornography consumption appears to pose a serious challenge to public health and to personal and familial well-being. leaders, With concerted some be action of the from legislators, effects the of therapeutic community, educators, policymakers, and responsible corporate however, negative pornography consumption can combated (Princeton, N.J.:

Witherspoon Institute, 2010). In the cited UNICEF-commissioned study, Trinidad observed that the perpetrators would sometimes expose a child to pornography to desensitize the child to sexual acts and consider sexual engagements at their age to be normal (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). Castillo also explained, Children think that child pornography is more marangal [dignified] and safer than actual prostitution. They said

they are safer from STIs and STDs and those they only get to show their bodies. Their clients cannot touch or penetrate them that are why think this approach is relatively more dignified. (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). One of the most worrisome findings is the link between local producers and networks of pornographers operating overseas for the purposes of distributing child pornography over the Internet. The study was commissioned by UNICEF and conducted by the Programme on Psychosocial Trauma and Human Rights of the University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Developmental Studies (UP CIDS) (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). It is reported that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are resistant to divulging personal information of users suspected of being pornographers or pedophiles. In addition, credit card companies do not make sufficient efforts to assist in law enforcement citing privacy rights (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/news/news_4.html). According to Castillo, child pornographers scout their victims usually in very poor communities. From the reports we received, child pornography producers usually have foreigners as financers. Our country is also very lax when it comes to welcoming foreigners. Visas are not needed to enter and stay in our country up to three months which makes transactions very easy, she also noted. They usually talk to the parents and pay in advance. They usually use deceptive tactics. Either they tell them that their children will work as maids or as factory workers. From there, the child is left without a choice but to go with them, Castillo said. She added, Sometimes, older children, usually in high school, willingly approach the perpetrators because

they

are

so

poor

they

are

left

with

no

choice.

(http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). In the cited UNICEF-commissioned study, Trinidad observed that the perpetrators would sometimes expose a child to pornography to desensitize the child to sexual acts and consider sexual engagements at their age to be normal (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). Castillo also explained, [Children] think that child pornography is more marangal [dignified] and safer than actual prostitution. They said they are safer from STIs and STDs and those they only get to show their bodies. Their clients cannot touch or penetrate them that are why think this approach is relatively more dignified. (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7133-childpornography-remains-prevalent-in-the-philippines). Nevertheless, despite the concern that pornography has

traditionally raised both inside and outside the government, it is clear based on a variety of measures that todays internet pornography is qualitatively and quantitatively different from any that has come before. So for at least three reasons specifically the ubiquity and accessibility of internet pornography, the qualitative difference in imagery and hard-core nature of much of internet pornography, and the sharply increased consumption of internet pornography. Society has only begun to grapple with these new problems. !is statements purpose is to bring to public attention a voluminous amount of data now accumulating about contemporary pornography and its connections to a range of individual and social ills. !e following findings explore these phenomena and their consequences in greater detail,

drawing on the most compelling sources on this topic now available from a range of clinical and other professional disciplines (James R. Stoner, Jr., and Donna M. Hughes, 2000). Child pornography is the sexually explicit reproduction of a childs image. Advances in technology have made child pornography easier to produce and distribute and more difficult to stop. Computer graphics and global transmission via the Internet mean that images can be now transmitted worldwide and downloaded at home. It reaches the child that the body is for sale and can be a first step to prostitution. It involves coercion and violence toward children. Children from poor communities are the most at risk, ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of the children for Sexual Purposes) is a global network dedicated to eliminating the commercial sexual exploitation (CSEC) of children (Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 3rd Ed., Thomson, Elmar Learning, P.643). No healthy parents want to think about his child viewing pornography, but it often happens. Some researchers have stated that the average age of exposure to pornography is down to eight. Before the days of the Internet, children were typically between the ages of eleven to thirteen when they began by viewing soft-core pornography found in magazines like Playboy. Todays child lives in a culture where hard-core pornography abounds. Our children are being seduced daily, and we need to bear this fact in mind whenever we have the occasion to redirect them away from pornography (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000593.cfm). It is also extremely important that parents not direct all their efforts toward their sons at the expense of their daughters. Pornography and other sexualized media can adversely affect girls as

well as boys and often leads to significant damage in their ability to form healthy relationships as an adult. The ultimate goal for our childrens sexuality is that they will be able to see the dynamic interplay between sexuality and spirituality. As Christians, we want to help them understand, for example, that sexual intercourse is an act of love shared between a husband and wife. This sacred act symbolizes the spiritual union that will occur between Christ and His bride, the Church, upon His return to earth. We hope our sons will see themselves as a type of Christ as they relate to their wives, and that our daughters will see themselves as a type of the church as they relate to their husbands. What we model today in our marriages will likely reproduce itself in our childrens marriages (http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000593.cfm). Parents must be more vigilant in monitoring the internet activities of their children. Parents and children must develop a healthy and closer relationship; spend quality time as a family to divert childrens attention from internet pornography. Like drugs, internet pornography is addicting. Porn addiction is a question about morality. It doesnt give glory to God but is a blatant desecration of the inherent sacredness of the human body (Health & Home, October 2006, pp.11). By helping our children to see the big picture about the sanctity of sex, we are better prepared to confront the problem of pornography when and if it occurs in our childrens lives. Parents will seek the help of a therapist at this point. Wisely, they want to safeguard their roles as parents, and avoid harming the relationship by making the teen feel interrogated or ashamed as they ask such difficult questions. The research found out that without inadvertently planting ideas among children, they will never even imagine to view pornography. Regardless of what was viewed, it will be more important to

rehabilitate

your

child

than

to

merely

correct

or

punish

him

(http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000593.cfm). Nowadays, computers often play a big role in the lives of even very young children. Many parents are keen to have their young children using home computer as soon as possible, considering that this will give them a head- start in their education. Children are using computers at a very early age, as young as preschool. Instead of simply promoting computer use, parents should control their young childs computer and only let them use the computer very selectively (http://www.childpornography.com) Teens expose themselves to pornographic materials to satisfy their curiosity. But curiosity often results to premarital sex practices, gang rapes, and even murder. Though there is no specific solution to protect the youth from Internet Pornography, parents need to have hands- on education about internet issues, learn the system, and uncover the dangers that threaten the life and future of their children on the internet (http://childpornography.com/teenscuriosity.html). More attention should be given to this question: How does a lack of supervision allow many teenagers to dive head- first into cyber sex or internet pornography, both of which are believed by Meeker and others to be fueling real life experimentation? The verdict of social science of causal relationship between fake sex and real sex is not in yet, perhaps because the clinical phenomenon of pornography addiction is too new. Most teenagers today are more intimately familiar with smut than any preceding generation, and we do not need longitudinal data to suspect a problem. Cyber sex is shaping their sex lives. Twelve and thirteen years old teens are having cyber sex before they have real sex. It is their expectations, it changes their

relationships. It will even begin shaping their sexuality (Home- Alone America by Mary Eberstadt, 2004). The feminist crusade against pornography, however, allied the crusaders with conservative foes of pornography. Other feminist objected to this odd alliance. Some questions the thesis that pornography inspires negative attitudes and actions towards women as unproven. Some stressed a civil libertarian approach; objectionable as it might be, they argued, pornography was protected by first amendments and had to be tolerated. The dispute over pornography represented an upsurge of attention among feminist to forms of aggressions that victimized women, such as sexual abuse in the home, sexual harassment in the workplace, wife battering and rape. The dispute over pornography also fueled another feud among feminist concerning cultural feminism or relational, transformative or essentialist feminism, thus all rubrics for lines of thought that acknowledged and celebrated gender difference (Women and American Experience, 4th Edition by Nancy Woloch). A widely held view is that the production of pornography derives from and depends on the prostitution; both constitute violence against women and were premised on the objectification and co modification of women as sex. However, extends our understanding of the contemporary connections between pornography and prostitution. The profusion of pornography regime of representations inevitably affects the social constitution of feminity- affects the ways in which women can be represented and can represent ourselves across all social practices (Women Violence and Strategies for Action, by Radford, Friedberg and Harne, 2000).

The conceptual framework above shows how the family greatly affects a childs development. Family is the first social environment introduced to the child. Thus, the development of a child in the family is largely determined by the condition of the family and the experiences that are owned by the parents by way of giving formal education inculcating with moral values, chastity, virtues, and decency. These are the dominant responsibilities of parents which would later in life show how self-disciplined the children are. Selfdiscipline means having a tolerable and adapted behavior. Families who raise their children with utmost safety and security are usually those better to think, respond, and interact. However, families who have internet access at home somewhat indulge their children to exploration which would lead to unintentional and intentional internet viewing and usage. This unintentional use could be related to educational purposes, communication and multimedia like having a long distance relationship wherein computer is the key or tool for conversation. On the other hand, intentional internet use is somehow inappropriate because it pushes the morality and mind of children towards sexuality. Hence, it denotes negative effects to the child. Repetitive and intentional internet use would jeopardize the health and safety of a child wherein possibly he or she will engage to early premarital sex, rapes and even murder. Later in life, the child will grow sexually addictive and maybe a hardcore pornographic user.

B. Theoretical Framework According to Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Theory,

psychologists were given possible insight as to how the conscious and unconscious mind works. He believed that there is a constant unconscious drive in humans to seek pleasure, which he called the libido. He argued that the human personality can be divided into three different parts namely id which is part of the unconscious that houses the libido. It is an instinct that all human are born to give animal- like desire. It causes us to pursue sex and be aggressive. It also develops from 2- 3 years of life. Ego is the conscious thinking part of our mind. It is part of our personalities. Its goal is to help satisfy the needs of the id and to keep all three components of personality in harmony. The superego is the root of morality. The rules taught by family, friends, and society are merged and become part of the superego. It helps to decide between right and wrong. Its goal is to satisfy the id without going against rules set forth by the superego. When these components are in conflict with one another, it creates tension and emotional problems. To get rid of this tension, a person might use defense mechanisms which are ways of thinking about a situation to reduce anxiety (Child Development, 8th Edition, United States of America, Pearson Education, Inc. by Berk, Laura E., 2009). Without defense mechanisms, Freud believed that the person with conflicting

personality components would be under so much stress that they develop mental illness or kill themselves. While Freud was first psychoanalyzing his patients, he noticed a trend. Almost all of them had memories of sexual feelings and behaviors from their childhood. As a result, Freud developed a series of stages that he believed everyone went through. Theses stages all had to do with sexual development. If a child was not given an upbringing which successfully carried them through these stages then they would develop a fixation. They become steady at a certain stage, which results in the person acting in ways that show unresolved problems and unmet needs. This theory focus on the biological nature of human being composed of three human personalities which play a crucial role in terms on how a person thinks and acts to a certain situation. These personalities manifest the human behavior whether to act rightly or wrongly. However, ego enables us to think comprehensively to express feelings. Then, superego is the root of our morality based on the upbringing of the family, friends and society as a whole and the governing laws. It enables a human being to think and decide between right and wrong. On the other hand, according to Erik Eriksons Psychosocial Theory, he proposed a theory composed of 8 stages to go through, and that in each one; we face a conflict that can either be successfully

or unsuccessfully resolved. The positive characteristics will only be gained if the dilemma in the stage is successfully resolved. In the case of trust vs. mistrust, the dilemma should be resolved so the person has trust rather than mistrust. Freuds Psychosexual Theory has some shortcomings in that sexual feelings are probably not as important to development as Freud believed. Eriksons Psychosocial Theory has some shortcomings in that it is very simplified(Child Development, 8 th Edition, United States of America, Pearson Education, Inc. by Berk, Laura., 2009). The theory of Erik Erikson focuses on the human being sexual desire based on social changes. It means that the sexual development of human being is being influenced by the community and/or environment where he/ she lived. The human behavior depends not just within the family but also to the environment as well that could influence the human sexual development. The human being might face a dilemma to whom to trust or mistrust. And more often, will result to confusion and depression that might cause him to commit unacceptable acts. The Cognitive Developmental Theory by Jean Piaget developed to be a famous theory about human development. There are a number of terms that accompanied Piagets Influential Theory. He believed that complex thinking was developed through a childs explorations.

Vgotsky proposed that complex thinking develops through social interactions. When a childs learning experience is guided by an adult, it is called scaffolding. For successful scaffolding, an adult must model the best strategy, gain and keep the childs attention, and adapt the learning to the childs developmental level, which Vgotsky called the zone of proximal development. The theory of Jean Piaget focuses on the human curiosity to undergo an experience as an emotional/sexual adventure in order to satisfy the human desire. With this desire, he would like to imitate or assimilate any source of information, video, pornography available. After which, equilibrium analyzes the result of the curiosity and assimilation/imitation whether it satisfies his moral reasoning and decides between right or wrong or whether it responses to what he desired. This theory is manifested by a human being to see pornographic magazines, watch pornographic videos and push him to commit sexual harassment and/or rape. Moreover, Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Reasoning explored how children developed through moral reasoning. He rejected the idea that children learn and internalize the rules and morals of society by being given the rules and forced to adhere to them. Through his research on how children formed their judgments about moral behavior, he recognized that children learn morality best by having to deal with

others in groups. He reasoned that there was a process by which children conform to societys norms of what is right and wrong, and that the process was active rather than passive. Older children look at motives behind actions rather than consequences of actions. They are also able to examine rules, determining whether they are fair or not, and apply these rules and their modifications to situations requiring negotiation, assuring that everyone affected by rules is treated fairly. Piaget felt that the best moral learning came from these cooperative decision- making and problem- solving events. He also believed that children developed moral reasoning quickly at n early age (Child Development, 8th Edition, United States of America, Pearson Education, by Berk, Laura, 2009). This theory focuses on adaption of previous theories (Freud, Erikson and Piaget) so as to adapt moral values and abide with existing governing rules and regulations of the community. He also emphasized that there must be an equal punishment to any violations committed. As a result of this theory, human beings will never constraint to commit violations against the rules and policies by the government because he or she is already aware that those actions might be opposing towards the abiding law.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem The goal of this study is to provide preventive measures on how to control pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: Age Relationship Highest Educational Attainment Status, and Number of children

a. Parents point of view regarding pornography b. Problems encountered by parents in controlling children to view pornography c. Parents ways on how to control children from viewing pornography

Is there a significant relationship of the following?

Respondents profile and the level of awareness of parents. Level of awareness and problems encountered by parents to control pornographic viewing among children ages 6-18

STATEMENT OF THE NULL HYPOTHESIS HO. 1: There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and the preventive measures on how to control pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Internet Pornography is an online predator. It features sexually candid materials on the web and allows an individual to view streaming pornographic videos. A survey shows that there are thousands of pornographic websites on the internet, and still counting. Internet Pornography is a worldwide phenomenon and one of the fastest growing threats in the society today. It preys on adults and children alike (Cooper, Mcloughlin, & Campbell, 2000).

Teachers: It will enable the teachers to motivate the children to take steps for their betterment in schools, especially in values. Parents: This would serve as their guide and be aware and watchful of movies are being viewed by their children. Student Nurses: This would let them know the different effects of watching obscenity. They would be guided and aided in the formation of emotional and social behavior and thereby produce and develop harmonious relationship towards others, in home, school and other public places. Future Researchers: The information gathered from this study will serve as guide to those who will conduct future study.

Society: To be provided with additional information that may enlighten them on reality that allowing children to go online seeing inappropriate videos, selling inappropriate reading materials, CDs/ DVDs, etc will greatly affect ones character. Nevertheless, going online must have an age qualification for signing up. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN Questionnaires and checklists were used as main source of data in the survey and therefore used a proposive sampling design. It sought to find out what the facts were with respect to condition. It analyzed, participated and reported the present status of a particular group. The children. assessment showed current conditions regarding the

problems encountered by parents to control pornographic viewing of

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT This study was conducted at Cebu Sacred Heart College, Lawaan, Talisay City, Cebu, particularly the parents of the 3 rd year High School students.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS The subjects of the study were the parents of the 3 rd year High School students. The respondents were given questionnaires to be answered. They were instructed on how to answer questions correctly. The researchers assured that the confidentiality of the details was well- established.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Questionnaires formed by the researchers were used in data gathering with regards to providing preventive measures on how to control pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE Data Gathering: A letter of transmittal was forwarded to the Dean of the College of Nursing of Cebu Sacred Heart College, Talisay City, Cebu asking permission to conduct this research. As the letter of request was approved, distribution of tool to the respondents was conducted. They were given instruction on how to answer tools. Then, appropriate responses to each situation were tabulated, and the results were calculated. Treatment of Data The percentage taken from the counted frequency was used to determine the profile of the respondents. The statistical tool and technique used to ensure a valid and systematic presentation, analysis and interpretation of data is the mean. Mean was used as a descriptive statistics to describe the relationship of a part of a whole.

The formula is: M = f(x) N

Where:

M = mean f = frequency x = value of each category N = number of respondents

The factors related to the subject were measured through weights assigned to every response category 3- Always 2- Sometimes Never

DEFINITION OF TERMS Anonymity- a term that is lacking or unknown in nature. Ascertain- to discover positively Blatant desecration- behavior that is rude and destructive to the sacred object or with great disrespect.

Obscenity a term that is not tolerable or acceptable. Free- speech denotes an action that is protected. Child pornographers- are individuals at a very young age who engage or expose themselves to sexual behavior. Cruelty- a behavior that is inhumane. Decency- is a proper behavior or a word that pertains to a tolerable or acceptable action. Discrepancy- is a state of being differentiate or something that disagrees. Glamorize- is a way of being excited, attracted, or present.

Hard- core- is a small number of unchanging aggressive members of a group. Soft- core- is a small number of changing aggressive members of a group. Inadvertent- being inattentive or not paying attention. Iniquity- is a term used to describe injustice or unjust. Internet pornography- is a view pertaining to sexual activities found on the internet. Online Predator- is computer connected information that kills oneself through sex or uses others for personal gain. Pathological Behavior- is an excessive or extreme behavior. Perpetrators- are individuals who are guilty of doing or committing unnecessary actions. Premarital Sex- is the early engagement to sex before marriage. Sexual Exploitation- is the involvement of sex to make use unfairly of ones own advantage. Sex Therapy- is the treatment of abnormal state of mind in sex Sheer Fan- is a complete manner to an enthusiastic admirer or follower. Sexual Pleasure- is related to sex or having a desire to sex Sexual Violence- is a great force of harming a person or property of a destructive mankind related to sex. Secretive Conduit- is not being open for protection.

Transgression- is an act of going beyond the limits. Unchaperoned- is an unescorted internet usage. Veritable- is being honest and true to a crowds activity.

Chapter 2 Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data This chapter presented the results of the data on the preventive measures on how to control pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18 conducted in Cebu Sacred Heart College, particularly the parents of the third year High school students. Profile of the Respondents Table 1 showed the profile of the respondents. In terms of age, 13% are below 30 years old while 87% are above 30 years old. In terms of family relationships, 23% were fathers, 70% were mothers and 7% were guardians including Aunties, Uncles, Lolos and Lolas who answered the questionnaires given by their children. Concerning educational attainment, there were no elementary graduate parents, only 7% were elementary level, 17% were high school level, there were no high school graduates, 13% comprised of

those who were college level and the remaining 63% were college graduates. Based on the following results, it found out that the results showed a lot of college graduate parents garnering 63%. Several reasons would include the employment status of parents wherein they were able to sustain the financial needs of their children especially sending them to private schools. Other than this, they believed that allowing their children to finish their studies would help them achieve their goals. On the other hand, 7% and 17% of parents were not able to complete elementary and secondary education because parents have no permanent job that they cannot afford to send them to any public or private school and lastly, children did not want to go to school because they seemed to feel bored and would rather spend time on peer pressure. Thus, it was concluded that by the means of attaining highest education, only ones potential can be used to maximum extent. Education was one of the important factors which formulated the persona of a person. It was a productive and beneficial factor in a persons life (http://expertscolumn.com/content/whyeducation-important-our-life). Most of the respondents were married (87%) followed by the widowed (7%), single parent and divorced with 3%, respectively. Parents, who received the highest percentage, 87%, were married because for them, marriage before childbearing would protect their union, give rights to them as well as to their children, give them security knowing that each of them wanted to make that level of commitment . Followed by these married couple were the widowed having only 7%. The usual reason for this was the early death of a partner which to one another (www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/.../543)

could all be related to Gods will whether to let the person stay with his/ her loved ones or to send away from them because nobody knows when his/ her philosophy in life ends. Otherwise, single parent and divorced have tallied 3%, respectively. This indicated that there were some parents raised their children alone because he/ she was the only to take care of his/ her children or it could be due to family problem where one cannot stand the responsibility of becoming a father or mother leading to misunderstanding and letting go. Those who were divorced was a result of making choices whether to stay or not to stay together with the family and it could possibly be due to separation of parents wherein they just didnt go well in their relationship or the commitment challenges-rewards.shtml). was not mutual (http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/parenting/single-parenting-

Parents of the third year high school students usually have above five (5) no. of children (73%) and the rest below five (5) no. of children is only 27%. Research showed that parents would love to bear children more than five because they think that to have more than 5 children; it will make a family more united, the companionship will be much stronger, and the partnership between the father and mother will be happier just like having another stage of working relationship. Thus, parents believed that raising more children will be joyful and at the same time, loneliness and boredom was far compared to having only one child. Based on our research, our target respondents were well- off parents that having five numbers of children was ideal because they can support and sustain the needs of the family. Aside from that, the researchers cannot oppose to the result because it was the familys decision (the mother and father) to raise less than five or

more than five numbers of children.

Parents

also

have

permanent job and as expected, earning higher salary. Thus, salary was a factor in raising a family. It was said, the higher the salary the parents receive, the more possible the parents can raise, support, and sustain the needs of the family (http://www.nscb.gov.ph). Parents said that many will soon take care of them when they get old. On the contrary, having a child not more than 5 may be due to employment status wherein parents think about their employment status or just like any other, no permanent job and cannot raise well the family. It is also an advantage to raise not more than 5 children because you can control the budget and the needs and wants of the family will be more sustained. Lastly, each members attention will be prioritized and equal treatment will be seen depending on the parents side (http://objectdart.wordpress.com/2008/09/30/top-five-reasonsto-have-children/).

Table 1 Demographic profile of the Respondents N=30 Characteristics Age Below 30 Above 30 Relationship Father Mother Guardian Frequency 4 26 7 21 2 Percentage 13% 87% 23% 70% 7%

Highest Education Elementary graduate Elementary Level High School level High School graduate College level College Graduate Status Single parent Married Divorced Widowed No. of Children Below 5 Above 5

0 2 5 0 4 19 1 26 1 2 8 22

0% 7% 17% 0% 13% 63% 3% 87% 3% 7% 27% 73%

Table 2: Section 1 Preventive Measures on How to Control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18 N=30
Statements Always (3) Sometimes (2) Never (1) Mean
Interpretation

1.

As

the

father/

mother of my children, I talk to them when it comes to using the

computer, playing video games, newspaper, magazines, tabloids, etc. 2. I allow my children to see inappropriate or reading videos materials. 3. I encourage my reading buying brochures,

16
(53.33%)

14
(46.67%)

2.3
(92%)

Sometimes

5
(16.67%)

2
(6.67%)

23
(76.67%)

1.4
(93.33%)

Never

children to join spiritual enhancement activities such as Bible Camps, Summer camps or any as to divert attentions in computer games during spare time. 4. As a parent, I strictly impose discipline in our family. 5. I allow my children to join in any sport activities so as to utilize their leisure time. 6. In our community, I let my children join community etc. 7. Inside our room, I activities 9
(30%)

16
(53.33%)

14
(46.67%)

2.53 Sometimes
(84%)

27
(90%)

3
(10%)

2.9
(96.67%)

Always

20
(66.67%)

10
(33.33%)

2.67
(89%)

Always

15
(50%)

6
(20%)

2.1
(84%)

Sometimes

such as catechisms and

have

compact

discs

8
(26.67%)

15
(50%)

7
(23.33%)

2.03
(81.20%)

Sometimes

(CDs/DVDs) displayed. 8. I buy magazines, that are

brochures and tabloids, newspaper to look at. inappropriate to read or 3

(10%)

9
(30%)

18
(60%)

1.5
(100%)

Never

9. As a parent, I give financial my allowance to and 23

(76.67%)

children

during 7
(23.33%)

schooldays holidays.

2.77
(92.33%)

Always

10. The school where my children are currently enrolled at is teaching moral values to them. 11. I give advices to my children viewing especially of on any 30
(100%)

26
(86.67%)

4
(13.33%)

2.87
(95.67%)

Always

avoiding the intentional 0 0 3

(100%)

Always

inappropriate videos or reading materials. 12. I make my children busy in doing activities recreational

11
(36.67%)

17
(56.67%)

2
(6.67%)

2.3
(92%)

Sometimes

during vacation.

13.

Whenever that

my are 13
(43.33%)

children mistakes

committed 13
(43.33%)

against to our rules, we impose punishments to them.

4
(13.33%)

2.3
(92%)

Sometimes

14.

There

are

times 4
(13.33%)

that my children try to escape from home just to go to internet caf.

7
(23.33%)

19
(63.33%)

1.5
(100%)

Never

15.

consistently to my 17
(56.67%)

communicate

children with regards to the physical aspects of pornography. 16. by I not am careful of

8
(26.67%)

5
(16.67%)

2.4
(96%)

Sometimes

protecting my children talking about and sexuality pornography. 17. I am watchful my to pages their to or

19
(63.33%)

8
(26.67%)

3
(10%)

2.53
(84%)

Sometimes

concerning especially online

childrens internet use 18

(60%)

9
(30%)

3
(10%)

2.5
(100%)

Sometimes

passwords/access communication.

Total

Sometimes

2.34

Legend: 1.0-1.5 Never 1.6-2.5 Sometimes 2.6-3.0 Always Table 2: Section 2 Preventive Measures on How to Control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18 N=30

As parents protecting the moral values and attitude of your children, what is your point of view regarding pornography? What are problems that you encountered in controlling your children to pornography? How do you control your children from viewing pornographic videos, pictures, magazines, tabloids, brochures and others containing inappropriate details?

Preventive Measures on How to Control Pornography

Interpretation Table II Section 1 was conducted in Cebu Sacred Heart College, Lawaan 1, Talisay City, Cebu. Based on the results, it drawn into conclusion that sometimes, parents (92%) talked to their children when it comes to using the computer, playing video games, reading newspaper, buying brochures, magazines, tabloids, etc. Sometimes, they (84%) encouraged their children to join in spiritual enhancement activities so as to divert attentions in computer games during spare time. Sometimes, parents (84%) let their children join community activities. Parents (81%) sometimes displayed CDs/DVDs inside their room. They (92%) also made their children busy in doing recreational activities during vacation and whenever they commit mistakes that are against to their rules, sometimes they (92%) impose punishments. Sometimes, they (96%) communicated to their children with regards to the physical aspects of pornography. Thus, sometimes, parents (84%) were careful of protecting children about sexuality and

pornography.

Lastly,

sometimes

parents

(100%)

were

watchful

concerning their childrens internet use. On the other hand, there were parents (96.67%) who always impose strict discipline to the children. There were other parents (89%) who always allow the children to join in any sport activities so as to utilize the leisure time. 92.33% of the parents always give financial allowance to children not just during schooldays but as well as during holidays. Other parents (95.67%) always believe that the school where the children were currently enrolled at was teaching moral values to them. And all parents (100%) always give advices to children especially on avoiding the intentional viewing of any inappropriate videos or reading materials. Furthermore, 93.33% of parents never allow the children to see inappropriate videos or reading materials. 100% of parents also never buy magazines, brochures, tabloids, and newspapers that were inappropriate to look at. Lastly, 100% of parents never try that the children escaped from home just to go to internet caf.

Table 2: Section 2 Preventive Measures on How to Control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18 N=30

Interpretation Table II section 2 had following queries in which parents freely expressed their insights or views about pornography. The researchers made the following queries. Query 1, as parents protecting the moral values and attitude of your children, what is your point of view regarding pornography? The parents explained that pornography was a no-no to their children. Viewing pornography will just destroy ones moral values; distract his/her spiritual walk with God. Hence, in order to prevent them from viewing pornography, they

must be strict and observant always because they ever thought that pornography was a bad influence to them. Some said that viewing pornography should only be up to married couple or for adults only above 20 years old because pornography was a serious matter and involved proper discipline to young adults nowadays. Query 2, what are the problems youve encountered in controlling your children to pornography? Parents gave explanations that the usual problems they encountered were: their children tend to take their advices in a negative way. Some would have disobeyed them, while some would still get interested into pornography despite family affair. Parents would try to stop them but if they will seriously keep on reminding them, theyre afraid that their children will do such rebellious acts. Thus, most parents said that viewing pornography was just a result of a deep curiosity. Query 3, how do you control your children from viewing pornographic videos, pictures, magazines, tabloids, brochures and others containing inappropriate details? The last query made answers into conclusion that to control their children from viewing pornography and others containing inappropriate details, parental guidance was the most priority. They might not be there at all times wherever their children go but at least they were closely monitored at home. Most of all, all parents got into the same action that all pornographic sites in the internet must be blocked, some parents controlled it already but some couldnt resist because their children knew it well on unrestricting sites. To further prove and justify the statement above mentioned, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) , a congressionally appointed panel, was mandated by the Child Online Protection Act, which was

approved by Congress in October 1998. The primary purpose of the Commission is to "identify technological or other methods that will help reduce access by minors to material that is harmful to minors on the Internet." has set various laws protecting the children against accessing to inappropriate online websites. On the other hand, the UNICEF- Philippines has passed its laws so as to combat the violence of child pornography. To learn more about the respective laws of COPA and UNICEF, please put these following links in your browser: (http://www.unicef.org/philippines/supportunicef_9845.html) (http://www.copacommission.org/report/recommendations.shtml ) and

Proposed Interventions The interventions set were directed towards the improvement of the families awareness about the negative aspects of pornography and thus, be able to have preventive measures on how to control the viewing of pornography particularly to the children in ages 13-18.

Through lecture discussion, the participants will be able to understand facts pornography from those hearsay and be aware of what pornography imposes to children in general. The proposed study was developed for the families to enhance awareness by means of gaining knowledge about computer use, its systems and possible, to understand on how to block software. Hence, viewing pornography will be controlled.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Define pornography based on the respondents understanding Identify factors that influence the children ages 13-18 to pornographic viewing whether such factors can be modified or not

Enumerate the negative aspects pornography imposes to ones character

Understand

misconceptions

about

viewing

pornography

particularly towards children so as to enlighten the family of the stigma and the facts associated with pornography Identify techniques used by the parents in disciplining children. Provide ways particularly to the parents on how to prevent the viewing of inappropriate details found on the internet. Elucidate the concepts, disadvantages, and complications of visiting and viewing of unnecessary materials on the internet. Instruct the parents to always guide the children when using the computer. Allow the parents to approach their children in a therapeutic way in giving advices specifically related to pornography. 10. Encourage the parents to go to nearby internet cafes instructing the attendants to block such software. Nevertheless, viewing of pornography must only be up to adults or married couples.

AREAS OF

OBJECTIVES

STRATEGY

PARTICIPANTS

TIME

EXPECTE

CONCERN

FRAME

D OUTCOM E

Knowledge

General: To enlighten Lecture the respondents about facts viewing pornography this serious negative effects every individual. Specific: Enumerate information that have understood about pornography. General: To develop Lecture Parents of the Within third year High the school students Cebu to Sacred at August. Develope d sense the level of Discussion awareness among parents with regards pornography they to has the of Discussion Parents of the Within third year High the school students Cebu Sacred at August. Attained knowledg accurate and not based on hearsay.

month of e that is

Heart College.

Skills

month of of awarenes s regarding the

Heart College.

particularly to children. Specific: Identify underlying factors influence children viewing Attitude pornography. General: To express Lecture Discussion Parents of the Within third year High the school students Cebu it to Sacred at August. to that their

negative aspects of pornogra phy.

Complied with the

therapeutic relationship with children when comes discipline. Specific: To ways acquiring positive attitude towards children. identify of their

month of actions implemen ted d optimism . and develope

Heart College.

CHAPTER III SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presented the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation. Summary of Findings: Majority are above 30 years old (87%) while 13% are below 30 years old. As to family relationship, most (70%) are mothers, fathers (23%), and (7%) are guardians. Mothers received the highest percentage because they were the ones who took care of their children while their partners (fathers) were not around. Guardians included aunties, uncles, lolos, and lolas have the lowest percentage since most of our respondents were away from their parents (lolos and lolas) and their relatives (aunties and uncles). For the highest educational attainment, most of the respondents were (63%) college graduate, ( 17%) were high school level,

(13%) were college level and (7%) for elementary level. Most of the respondents status were married (87%), (7%) were widowed, (3%) were single parent and divorced, respectively. In terms of having number of children in a family, most of them have (73%) above 5 number of children and the rest, (27%) have below 5 number of children.

The research result showed that the parents of the 3 rd year High school students in Cebu Sacred Heart College in Lawaan 1, Talisay City, Cebu, sometimes encountered problems in controlling pornographic viewing among their children ages 1318 which have the total mean of 2.34 in Table 2 Section 1 and expressed negative thoughts in Table 2 Section 2.

Conclusions: From the facts in the study, a conclusion was drawn, that the parents of the 3rd year High school students were able to answer the statements of the research tool. The parents viewed that pornography was strongly not suitable for children ages 6-18. Other parents viewed that pornography should only be up to married couple and adults who were above 20 years old because it will tremendously affect and destroy ones moral values, attitudes and behavior. Thus, viewing pornography was a major threat to children, family, and community. Pornography adversely did affect every person who viewed it not only the dangerous sex offender caricatured in cartoons, but as well as in brochures, magazines, tabloids, etc. It interfered with interpersonal relationships and personal moral development in all persons who viewed it. Children who divulged themselves in viewing pornography were at risk from those who engaged in the production, exhibition, distribution, and consumption of child pornography and those children can suffer serious negative effects as a result of pornographic exploitation. Pornography created an image of what sex was supposed to be and what "role" women and men can do. Most parents said that there were many instances of nudity found in all kinds of films, in many magazines, books, etc. Parents also said that pornography promoted infidelity and immorality. Lastly, since some of the parents

caught children in action viewing pornography, it was a part of the parents to advice the children that viewing was committing adultery of the heart of Jesus. Parents explained that committing adultery of the heart of Jesus was deceiving and defying and more enough, pornography has a very bad effect on childrens mind. Thus, there was one parent that gave a quotation in Section 2 Table 2 which stated, "BE LOYAL TO YOUR SOUL, MY CHILD AND YOU WILL BE LOYAL TO ME." Recommendations: After consideration of the data gathered, the following

recommendations were given: Family: Banning all access to the Internet is one solution by recruiting somebody who knows a lot in blocking internet software especially on inappropriate sites or a computer- literate person or IT specialist who can manage to block all inappropriate sites and installing a software filter, to provide a technology fix. Personally supervising all Internet access is another solution. This would give much time so as to monitor the children in using the computer. Promoting corporal punishment at home but prohibited at school so as to change a person's behavior especially to children. Presidential Decree No. 603 (The Child and Youth Welfare Code) says that parents have the right to discipline their child as may be necessary to form his or her good character, particularly obedience.

Avoiding personal and family exposure to pornographic sites especially in places where pornography is believed to exist.

Controlling and monitoring television viewing in the family. Controlling and monitoring computer programs whenever the children can access the Internet for cyber-porn.

Selecting movies and other entertainment based on reliable reviews.

Reading good books with children. Be aware of unsuitable music and lyrics. Make sure to check gadgets containing downloaded pictures, music, and videos.

Community: If a local store sells or rents offensive materials, tell the Barangay officers (kindly but firmly) that you want to patronize that business. A personal visit is most effective. Individualized letters also help. Join with others such as the Philippine Trafficking Alliance of against

Pornography,

S.T.O.P.

(Stop

Philippines

Foundation) Concerned Women of the Philippines, and Religious Alliance Against Pornography in urging merchants to discontinue marketing offensive materials and in encouraging enforcement of constitutional laws relating to pornography. Small local groups (PTA's, service clubs, neighborhood organizations) are also successful in mounting campaigns against this growing threat.

Write or visit Movie Theater, radio and television station managers, newspaper editors, and others to express concerns or recommendations if they are featuring good programs. Write to companies sponsoring advertising in offensive publications or shown with offensive television programs.

Government: The most effective current means of protecting individuals from the harmful or inappropriate contents on the internet especially to children ages 6- 18 include the aggressive efforts toward public education and heightened parental awareness of existing technologies. Government and the private sector should undertake a major education campaign to promote public awareness of technologies and methods available to protect children online. Public education must be done in a sustainable manner that effectively reaches families both online and offline. Government at all levels and industry should encourage parents and public institutions that offer access to online resources to adopt such policies. Children should be provided with firm rules and guidelines to facilitate their online learning experiences as well as their safety. Government at all levels should fund, with significant new money, aggressive programs to investigate, prosecute, and report violations of federal and state obscenity laws, including efforts that emphasize the protection of children from accessing materials illegal under current state and federal obscenity law.

The government and federal law enforcement should make a list, without images, of Usenet newsgroups, IP addresses, World Wide Web sites or other Internet sources that have been found to contain child pornography or where convictions have been obtained involving obscene material.

The representatives of the commercial online adult content industry should take voluntary steps to reduce ready access to online commercial adult content by children. Self-regulatory steps could restrict children's access to commercial online adult content and thus address a substantial portion of the concerns surrounding such materials.

Thus, browsers, portals, and popular web sites should display parental control links in prominent locations.

Researchers: The researchers recommend a clear introduction and summary. The researchers recommend that the respondents must be researchers in other fields. The future researchers must utilize barrier scale to be more accurate with regards to their research.

Through lecture discussion, parents should be advised to strictly monitor children upon using the internet at home particularly with regards to educational purposes.

Parents must be taught the basic concepts of computer, its system, and ways or strategies on blocking inappropriate sites.

Parents should be instructed to always talk to children about the negative aspects of viewing pornography.

Whenever caught children viewing pornography, parents must ask first the children what pushes them to view inappropriate details on the internet.

APPENDIX A Letter of Transmittal Addressed to the Dean of the College of Nursing

June 25, 2012

Mrs. Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN Dean of the College of Nursing Cebu Sacred Heart College Talisay City, Cebu

DEAR MADAME, Greetings! We are currently pursuing our research study entitled, Preventive Measures on How to control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18. In view of our going studies in Nursing Research, the under signed respectfully request from your good office to allow us to conduct a survey which is essential to our research. Hoping that, this request will be given a favorable consideration. Thank you very much.

Very truly yours, Elemino, Bert Ann S. Group Leader

Noted by: Ms. Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN Research Adviser

Mrs. Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN

Dean of the College of Nursing

APPENDIX B Letter of Transmittal Addressed to the Respondents

June 25, 2012

DEAR RESPONDENTS,

Greetings!

We are currently pursuing our research study entitled, Preventive Measures on How to control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18. In line with this study, we would like to ask your approval to permit us to conduct this study.

The result of this endeavor will serve as a basis of the completion of the study. Rest assured that all data gathered will be kept in utmost confidentiality.

Thank you very much.

Very truly yours,

Elemino, Bert Ann S.

Group Leader

Noted by: Ms. Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN Research Adviser

Mrs. Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN Dean of the College of Nurs Appendix C Letter of Transmittal Addressed to the Principal of Cebu Sacred Heart College

June 25, 2012 Mr. Serapion F. Sotto Principal Lawaan I, Talisay City, Cebu

The Principal,

Greetings of Peace! As a part of our requirements in Nursing Research, we are conducting a research study entitled Preventive Measures on How to control Pornographic viewing among children ages 13-18. We humbly

request from your good office the permission to conduct the said study to the 3rd year High school students of Cebu Sacred Heart College.

The result of this endeavor will serve as a basis of the completion of the study. Rests assure that all data gather will be kept in utmost confidentiality. Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours, Elemino, Bert Ann S.

Tan, Lovelle O. BSN IV- CSHC

Noted by: Sotto Ms. Rizzelle C. Olila, RN, MAN Research Adviser

Mr.

Serapion F.

School Principal

Mrs. Nelia A. Librando, RN, MAN Dean of the College of Nursing APPENDIX D Research Tool

Section 1: Personal Information

Last Name: Relationship: Father Mother Age: Address:

First

M.I

Auntie Uncle

Lolo Lola

Highest Educational Attainment:

Elementary Level Level Elementary Graduate Graduate

High School Level High School Graduate

College College

Status: Single Parent Married Divorced Live in Widowed

No. of Children:

Section 2 Table I: Problem- Type Questionnaire LEGEND: 3- Always 2- Sometimes Never

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions by checking the corresponding choices below given. Queries
As the father/mother of my children, I talk to them when it comes to using the computer, playing video games, reading newspaper, buying magazines, brochures, tabloids, etc. I allow my children to see inappropriate materials. videos or reading

Always 3

Sometimes 2

Never 1

I encourage my children to join spiritual enhancement activities such as Bible Camps, Summer Camps or any as to divert attentions in computer games during spare time. As parent/s, I strictly impose discipline in our family. I allow my children to join in any sports activities so as to utilize their leisure time.

In our community, I let my children join community activities such as

catechisms and etc. Inside our room, I have compact discs (CDs/DVDs) displayed. I buy magazines, brochures, and tabloids, newspapers that are

inappropriate to read or to look at. As parent/s, I give financial allowance to my children during

school days and holidays. The school where my children are currently enrolled at is teaching children the any reading

moral values to them. I give advices to my especially intentional inappropriate on

avoiding of or

viewing videos

materials. I make my children busy doing recreational activities during

vacation. Whenever my children committed mistakes that are against to our

rules, we impose punishments to them. There are times when my children try to escape from home just to go to nearby internet caf. I consistently communicate to my children with regards to the physical aspects of pornography. I am careful of protecting my child by not talking about sexuality and pornography. I am watchful concerning my

childrens internet use especially to their passwords/access to online pages or communication.

Section 2 Table II: Problem- Type Questionnaires

Instruction: Explain your own views about the question given. Use the back portion of this questionnaire for your answers below.

As parents protecting the moral values and attitude of your children, what is your point of view regarding Pornography?

What are the problems that you encountered in controlling your children to pornographic viewing?

How do you control your children from viewing pornographic videos, pictures, magazines, tabloids, brochures, and others containing inappropriate details?

APPENDIX E RESEARCH TIME TABLE DATE January 11, 2012 January 25, 2012 February 1, 2012 February 8, 2012 February 13, 2012 ACTIVITIES Passing of Research Titles Submission of the Rationale of the Study Submission of the Theoretical Background Returning of the Rationale of the Study and Theoretical Background Submission of the Research Methodologies

February 15, 2012 March 7, 2012 March 10, 2012 March 14, 2012 March 22, 2012 July 10, 2012 July 17, 2012 July 24, 2012 August 7, 2012 August 14-15, 2012 August 21, 2012 August 25-27, 2012

Submission Framework Returning

of of

the the

Theoretical Research

and

Conceptual

Methodologies,

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Editing of Research Methodologies, Theoretical and Conceptual Framework for Final copy Submission of Final Chapter 1 for Pre-Oral Defense Pre-Oral Defense (Chapter 1) Submission of Chapter 2 (Draft) Submission of Chapter 2 (Final) Submission of Chapter 3 (Draft) Returning of Chapters 1-3 for Edit Editing of Chapters 1-3 for Final Signing of Transmittal Letters Cover page Table of Contents Approval Sheet Abstract Acknowledgement The Problem Statement of the Null Hypothesis Significance of the Study Treatment of Data Definition of Terms Goals and Objectives Proposed Interventions Research Time Table Research Budget Curriculum Vitae

Bibliography September 20, 2012 October 18, 2012 October 19, 2012 Final Oral Defense Final Edit Submission of Final Research

APPENDIX F RESEARCH BUDGET Expenses:

Print

Php 324.00

Encode Folders

Php 60.00 Php 42.00

Photocopies Fare Hardbound

Php 484.00 Php 200.00 Php 150.00

__________________________________________________ ____ TOTAL: 1,260.00 Php

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOK SOURCES: Thompson Elmar (2007). Sexual Explicit Reproduction of a Childs Image: Computer Graphics and Global Transmission. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (8th Edition) Norton (July, 2006). Liberal attitudes towards sexuality: The desirable and important features of premarital sex, marriage, and attitudes
th

towards

sexual

partners.

Introduction

to

Sociology (6 Edition).

Elsevier Mosby (September, 2001). Programs and policies supporting families: The inadequate and appropriate care for children, prevention and treatment programs. Principle and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing (7th Edition)

Michelle

T.

Laraia,

Gail

W.

Stuart

and

Elsevier

Mosby

(September, 2001). The Prevalence of violence: Television as a role in creating social climate. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing (8th Edition) Van Leuven (October, 2006). Typical crimes proliferating today: Cyber porn as an issue of parental guidance. Health and Home (5th Edition) Cooper, McLaughlin and Campbell (August, 2000). Pornography in the society today: Internet pornography as an online predator. Viewing the World of Today (5th Edition) Jill Radford, Melissa Friedberg and Lynne Harne (October, 2000). Women, violence and strategies for action: Pornography and violence against women
st

on

the

internet.

Feminish

Research, Policy and Practice (1 Edition) Nancy Woloch (December, 2006). In Search of equality: Feminism at stalemate. Women and the American Experience (4th Edition) Mary Eberstadt (October, 2004). The Ravages of responsible teenage sex: What we say versus what we do. Home- Alone America (1st Edition)

INTERNET SOURCES: http://www.unicef.org/philippines/overview.html http://www.copacommission.org/philippines_2003.html http://www.childpornography.com/behavior http://www.pureintimacy.org http://www.nscb.gov.ph

http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com http://www.manilatimes.net.ph http://www.philippinestudies.net

PERIODICALS: Wartella et al. (2000). Parent- Child communication: The Relationship and activity. Wilkinson (2002). National Center for Education: Internet Exploration Access. Lee and Caplovitz (2002). Family Safe Media: Sexual Contents out of sheer fan and curiosity. Steyer and Clinton (2003). Internet as an indispensable element of life: Availability of Internet Access. London et al. (2007). Internet Exposure to Pornography: Average Age of Internet Exposure. Princeton and Witherspoon (2010). Pornography Consumption as a Serious Challenge: Concerted Actions from Legislators. James R. Stoner and Donna M. Hughes (2000). The Ubiquity and Accessibility of Internet Pornography: Voluminous Amount about Contemporary Pornography. Gentile and Walsh (2002). The Possible Discrepancy of Parents and Children: Impact of Media Messages to Children.

CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Elemino, Bert Ann S. Sex: Male Date of Birth: January 25, 1991

Place of Birth: Cebu City Parents: Mr. Beser A. Elemino Mrs. Corazon S. Elemino Address: Stall #5 B. Aranas Street, Taboan Public Market, Cebu City Educational Background Elementary: Ocaa Central School Secondary: Ocaa National Highschool College: Cebu Sacred Heart College Seminars Attended: Test Taking Strategy: May 9, 2010 Basic Life Support: May 22-23, 2011 Discover Variant Concepts on Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses: March 1, 2011 Leadership and Management Symposium: Informatics in Nursing Management: February 29, 2012 Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Seminar and Training: October 10-12, 2012 CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Tan, Lovelle O. Sex: Female Date of Birth: May 23, 1991

Place of Birth: Cebu City Parents: Mr. Larson Tan Sr. Mrs. Marlyn O. Tan Address: #246 Molave St., San Jose, Vill., Lawaan 3, Talisay City, Cebu Educational Background Elementary: Saint Teresas School Secondary: Saint Teresas School College: Cebu Sacred Heart College Seminars Attended: Basic Life Support: May 22-23, 2011 Discover Variant Concepts on Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses: March 1, 2011 Leadership and Management Symposium: Informatics in Nursing Management: February 29, 2012 Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Seminar and Training: October 10-12, 2012