Beta-adrenergic agonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Beta-adrenergic agonist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Beta agonist" redirects here Beta-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents which act upon the beta adrenoceptors.[1] In general, pure beta-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of beta blockers. Beta adrenoreceptor agonist ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, lungs and smooth muscle tissue, with epinephrine being the highest affinity. The activation of 1, 2 and 3 activates the enzyme, Adenylate cyclase. This in turn leads to the activation of the secondary messenger Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and induces smooth muscle relaxation and contraction of the cardiac tissue.

Beta Adrenergic receptor agonists

Drug class

Skeletal structor formula of Salbutamol. A widely used medication to treat asthma attacks Use Biological target ATC code R03 External links MeSH D000318 Bradycardia, Asthma, heart failure, etc. Adrenergic receptors ( subtype)

Contents
1 Function 2 Medical uses 3 Side effects 4 Receptor selectivity 4.1 1 agonists 4.2 2 agonists 4.3 Undetermined/unsorted 5 References

Function
Activation of 1 receptors induces positive inotropic, chronotropic output of the cardiac muscle, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, secretion of ghrelin from the stomach, and renin release from the kidneys. Activation of 2 receptors induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and various blood vessels. Increased heart rate and heart muscle contraction is also associated with the 2 receptors. 3 receptors are mainly located in adipose tissue. Activation of the 3 receptors induces the metabolism of lipids.

Adrenaline

Medical uses
Indications of administration for beta agonists include the following:

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Beta-adrenergic agonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist

Bradycardia (slow heart rate) Hypotension (low blood pressure) Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Heart failure allergic reactions an antidote to beta blocker poisoning

Side effects
Although minor compared to epinephrine, beta agonists usually have mild to moderate adverse effects, which includes anxiety, hypertension, increased heart rate and insomnia. Other side effects include headaches and essential tremor. Indications of hypoglycemia were also reported due to secretion of insulin in the body from activation of beta-2 receptors.

Receptor selectivity
Most agonists of the beta receptors are selective for one or more beta-adrenoreceptors. For example, patients with low heart rate are given beta agonist treatments that are more "cardio-selective" such as dobutamine, which increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle. Patients who are suffering from a chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are treated with albuterol, which mainly induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs and less contraction of the heart. Beta-3 agonists are currently in clinical research and are thought to increase the breakdown of lipids in obese patients.

1 agonists
Main article: Beta-1 adrenergic receptor#agonists 1 agonists: stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity; opening of calcium channel. (cardiac stimulants; used to treat cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, bradyarrhythmias). Selected examples are: Dobutamine Isoproterenol (1 and 2) Xamoterol epinephrine

2 agonists
Main article: Beta2-adrenergic agonist 2 agonists: stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity; closing of calcium channel (smooth muscle relaxants; used to treat asthma and COPD). Selected examples are: salbutamol (albuterol in USA) Levosalbutamol (Levalbuterol in USA) Fenoterol

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Beta-adrenergic agonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist

Formoterol Isoproterenol (1 and 2) Metaproterenol Salmeterol Terbutaline Clenbuterol Isoetarine pirbuterol procaterol ritodrine epinephrine

Undetermined/unsorted
The following agents are also listed as agonists by MeSH.[2] arbutamine befunolol bromoacetylalprenololmenthane broxaterol cimaterol cirazoline denopamine dopexamine etilefrine hexoprenaline higenamine isoxsuprine mabuterol methoxyphenamine nylidrin oxyfedrine prenalterol ractopamine reproterol rimiterol tretoquinol tulobuterol zilpaterol zinterol

References
1. ^ Adrenergic beta-Agonists (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Adrenergic+betaAgonists) at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2. ^ MeSH list of agents 82000318 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=mesh&Cmd=ShowDetailView& TermToSearch=82000318)

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Beta-adrenergic agonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beta-adrenergic_agonist&oldid=561891846" Categories: Beta-adrenergic agonists This page was last modified on 27 June 2013 at 23:20. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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