Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2009
Boiler Green Initiative
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/payt/index.htm
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION 4
A. What is Epics? 4
B. What is BGI? 4
C. What is PAYT? 4
A. Detail of Services 4
B. Financial Information 6
A. Fundamental System 9
B. Container Types: 10
E. Case Studies 14
IV. IMPLEMENTATION 20
A. Rate Structure 20
B. Survey 23
V. CONCLUSION 30
VI. REFERENCES 31
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 32
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CONTRIBUTORS: 32
APPENDIX III RATE STRUCTURE SCENARIOS FOR THE CITY OF WEST LAFAYETTE FOR
TWO DIFFERENT OPTIONS: VARIABLE AND MULTI-TIERED, CONSIDERING 4650
HOUSEHOLDS. THE ‘TOTALS’ DO NOT CONSIDER TIPPECANOE COUNTY TIPPING FEE,
RECYCLING REVENUE OR BRUSH AND BULK ITEMS PICKUP REVENUE. 37
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I. Introduction
A. What is Epics?
B. What is BGI?
Our project team is a part of the Boiler Green Initiative (BGI) team. BGI team is
one of the many teams under EPICS at Purdue University. This team is composed of
three project sub-teams that are tackling issues pertaining to the environmental
sustainability of the community.
C. What is PAYT?
Our project partner, Rev. Peter Bunder, from the Go Greener Commission of the
city of West Lafayette, contacted the EPICS program in order to develop an
alternative waste and recycling system for the city of West Lafayette. This project
was handed over to the Boiler Green Initiative (BGI) team and work started in full
swing on the Pay-as-you-throw project in Fall 08.
A. Detail of Services
The West Lafayette Streets, Sanitation, and Recycling Center offers four services
to the residences and apartments with four or fewer units within city limits. These
services include municipal solid waste removal, recycling, yard waste removal, and
bin drop-offs for recyclables in neighborhoods. (See Appendix I)
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The first service offered is municipal solid waste removal. This service is offered
once a week; Tuesday through Thursday depending upon which zone the residence is
located. This service includes solid waste, large item removal, and large appliance
pick-up curbside. The solid waste and large items are taken to the Tippecanoe County
Transfer Station, while the large appliances are taken to Oscar Winski Co. located in
Lafayette, Indiana. The large appliance pick-up service requires that all chemicals are
removed from the appliance before the item is picked up.
The second service offered is recycling. This service is offered bi-weekly and
includes paper, metal scraps, cans, glass, and plastics and is picked-up on a different
day than regular solid waste removal. Curbside items include paper (mixed and
newspaper), aluminum and tin cans, glass, and plastics numbered one through six
(excludes plastics numbered as seven). These recyclables are taken to the Streets,
Sanitation, and Recycling Center to be sorted. The newspaper is transported to Regal
located in Indianapolis, mixed paper is transported to a Transfer Station located in
Frankfort, Indiana and scrap metal is transported to Oscar Winski, Co. located in
Lafayette.
The third service offered is yard waste removal. This service is offered year round
Mondays and Fridays although October through December there is an additional
service of curbside leaf pick-up while all other months of the year require that yard
waste be placed in a container. These items are then transported to Soil Maker, a
company in Lafayette which then makes compost, topsoil, garden mulch and garden
soil from the collected material.
The fourth service offered is bin drop-off for recyclables in neighborhoods. This
service is provided once a month to each neighborhood. Upon request, the Streets,
Sanitation, and Recycling personnel places a bin in a neighborhood to encourage
recycling amongst residents. Currently, Lommel Park and LaGrange Street are the
only communities participating. These bins are then taken to the Streets, Sanitation,
and Recycling Center to be sorted.
These four services are provided using specific trucks to remove the items
collected. There are three trucks used for yard waste removal, two trucks used for
solid waste removal, and two trucks used for recycling. Each service has six routes
and each truck has a crew of two workers. The yard waste trucks have a capacity of 6
tons. The solid waste removal trucks have a capacity of 12-13 tons and average 1.5-3
mpg when on their routes. The recycling trucks are multi-bin (5 bins) and average 3
mpg.
In 2007, 4275.29 tons of trash were collected. If we average this over 4650
households, it translates to 35.4 pounds of trash per household per week.
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B. Financial Information
The Pay-As-You-Throw project started in fall 2008. At that time, the latest
figures available from the sanitation department were for the year 2007.
Although we started working with these figures, along the way, we had to factor
in more recent values for brush pick-up and take into account variability for
recyclable resale value since sales of recyclables between 2007 and 2008 were
dramatically different. After this time we continually compared our values with
housing communities that use private haulers, for example Westfield, IN. Our
proposed rates were not only lower than their rates but also gave residents options to
choose the variability of can size. We took into account sensitivity towards the
environment and chose a system that encourages recycling. Our rate structures have
the ability to meet the expenditure incurred by the Streets and Sanitation Department
of West Lafayette. Although we have scenarios that could generate revenue, our main
goal was revenue neutrality.
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Table 1 Financial Information of Sanitation Department for the Year 2007 as provided by Dave Downey,
public works director. * we were not able to determine the contribution from the general funds
property tax but expect that it makes up the difference between the expenditures of the sanitation
department and their revenue in 2007.
Sanitation Fee to
Salaries 246 831.97 Community 502 200.00
Total Recyclable
Motor vehicle equipment 77 962.67 Revenue 98 737.79
Contribution from
General Fund's
Gasoline and Oil 37 763.58 Property Tax *
Tippecanoe County
Transfer Fee for Drop
Off Center 40 000.00
There are a few challenges faced by the current system. A fixed fee of $9 per
household is charged for variable quantities of trash thrown out by residents and this
creates unfairness. Moreover, the city expects that the system will reach its maximum
capacity within 2 years which may lead to an increase in residents‟ monthly bill.
Furthermore while many citizens recycle, recycling rates in West Lafayette could be
improved. The table below shows the breakdown of recyclables versus trash for the
year 2002 through 2007 for the City of West Lafayette as well as recycling rates.
A more recent version of this document can be accessed at the following web
address ( Lessons Learned | Pay-As –You-Throw. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/tools/lessons.htm
last visited April 25, 2009)
A. Fundamental System
a. Volume-based Systems
b. Weight-based System
B. Container Types:
a. Cans:
b. Bags:
As the name suggests, bags are prepaid trash bags that the residents
pay for in the beginning. Only trash that is placed in these bags gets
collected. According to the EPA, these bags can be of varying sizes and
should range from 20 to 60 gallons in capacity. Residents can buy these
bags from the sanitation department or from local grocery stores.
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c. Tags or Stickers:
In this system, the residents are required to put tags that they will
attach to their trash bag or trash can before setting it out for pickup. The
price of the tag goes up as the size of the bag/can increases. Residents
can keep buying the same bags they have been buying in the past from
their preferred manufacturer.
a. Decrease in Waste:
from communities that have adopted PAYT at a slower rate (assuming the
community population stays unchanged).
c. Conservation in Energy:
e. Increased Involvement:
With the PAYT program, residents will get more involved with
recycling and composting programs as an alternative to throwing away
their waste. According to Janice Canterbury‟s book on PAYT, recycling
and composting programs are the perfect complement for PAYT.
“Analysis of PAYT shows that composting and recycling programs
divert 8 to 13 percent in waste when used in conjunction with a PAYT
program”.
f. Increased Understanding:
active part in solving our waste issues. Thus the costs incurred by
communities to deal with waste management become clearer to the
residents. When residents begin grasping their impact on the
environment, they will start making better decisions and take action
about their waste disposal habits.
b. Revenue Generation:
c. Multi-family Housing:
d. Administrative Costs:
With the various billing systems that PAYT offers, it is likely that
the administrative costs associated with the billing system will increase. The
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E. Case Studies
i. Background information
Residents are required to purchase trash and yard waste stickers. A correct
number of stickers should be attached to the handles of the resident‟s trash bin
or the neck of their trash bag. As of 2008, trash stickers cost $2 each while
yard stickers costs $1 each. They are available from convenience shops such as
local supermarkets and gas stations. Residents can also order the stickers
directly from the Department of Public works by phone or mail.
Trash is collected once a week. One trash sticker is required per bag. Trash
bags must be no larger than 35 gallons nor weigh more than 40 pounds.
Yard waste is collected once a week during the spring, summer and fall. One
yard waste sticker is required on each paper yard waste bag or a 35-gallon bin
or a bundle of string-tied sticks and branches.
Bulk items
Large items such as sofas, chairs, mattresses, box springs, tables and similar
items are collected curbside once a week. Two trash stickers are required on
each of these items.
Recycling
Recyclables are collected once every two weeks. This service is free of charge.
The sanitation department gives one free recycle bin per household. This
recycle bin can be requested by phone or email. Residents are asked to sort
recyclables into two categories: paper products and comingled recycling. Paper
products include mixed office paper, newspaper, cardboard and paper board.
Comingled recycling includes plastics 1-7, plastic bags, steel and aluminum
cans, as well as glass.
Spring Cleanup: During the end of April and the beginning of May,
residents are allowed to place large items and appliances curbside without
attaching any stickers. It helps to remove items left behinds by the student
population before summer break.
Free Fall leaf pickup: Starting at the end of September, the sanitation
department gives out free leaf bags. Residents can set leaf bags out for
collection until early January.
Flag stop program: Pick-up services are provided to residents who are
physically unable to set out their trash or recycling for collection. A resident
must meet certain requirements to be placed on the Flagged stop program.
iv. Implementation
v. Policing policy
Sanitation workers only pick up collectable items with the right amount of
stickers on and within the limits set for size and weight. There is one
bathroom scale on each truck which can be used to check the weight of the
trash bags, although workers explained that within a short amount of time they
were able to tell offhand if a bag or can was over the weight limit. In this case a
sanitation notice would be left to explain the problem and the trash or recycling
(in the case of non-sorting of items) would not be picked up.
Residents are not allowed to place containers out more than 24 hours in
advance and they must remove everything left uncollected from the curb after
the pick-up. Violations may result in a fine of up to $50 a day, each day a
violation continues*.
i. Background information
The city is located directly east of Lansing, Michigan, the state's capital. The
population was 46,525 at the time of the 2000 census. It is best known as the
home of Michigan State University.
Trash
The City provides waste collection services for single family households,
duplexes and households with one to four units. Residents can dispose waste in
either an Easy Cart OR Yellow City-issued trash bags.
Residents can subscribe to a trash cart with the desired capacity. Carts are
available in the following sizes:
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Residents need to call the sanitation department to sign-up for the easy-cart
service.
Bulk items
Recycling
Weekly curbside recycling is free and occurs on the same day as refuse
collection. Recyclables must be placed in a blue recycling bin, which can be
purchased at the DPW for a one-time fee of $5.50. Residents can also drop
off recyclables at the various Recycling Drop-off Locations.
iv. Implementation
c. Comparison Table
-No billing system needed
Advantages
-Easy to purchase
Advantages
An analysis of 212 U.S. cities that switched to PAYT programs and had
no recycling program in place before the PAYT program was put in place were
able to decrease their average trash pickup by as much as 14-27%. Cities that
already had recycling programs in place and did not modify them when they
switched to a PAYT program saw increases of 32 to 59 percent in the weight of
materials recycled (Canterbury, 1999). In 2007 the city of West Lafayette
generated 481.83 tons of newspaper, 33.3 tons of aluminum, 73.03 tons of bi and
scrap metal, 192.68 tons of glass, 381.66 tons of plastic, 984.59 tons of mixed
paper and 4275.29 tons of trash. Thus the recycling rate was 33.4% (assuming
that the plastic was truly recycled). Nota Bene: we do not consider oil, batteries,
brush or leaves as trash and as such they are not included in the above
calculations. While this recycling rate is above U.S. national average, we can
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expect that with the implementation of a PAYT system, with proper education
and outreach and no modification to the current recycling system, the recycling
rate in West Lafayette could be tremendously improved.
IV. Implementation
A. Rate Structure
a. Goals
• Environmental Sustainability: Effective promotion of waste reduction
• Equity: Delivery of economically fair services
• Economic Stability: Recovery of cost of services through stable revenue
b. Options
There are 3 possible pricing structures to choose from in Pay-As-You-Throw:
proportional, variable or multi-tiered. The numbers below are examples of rate
structures inspired from our case studies. For the variable and multi-tiered rate
structures we developed various scenarios for the City of West Lafayette.
These can be found in Appendix III.
Proportional: Involves the use of tags placed around the necks of bags. These
bags are placed curbside. Residents are responsible to buy the tags from the
city or from previously agreed-upon vendors such as local grocery stores. We
did not consider this option for the City of West Lafayette.
per per
trash yard
tag tag Anticipated
price price trash revenue yard revenue total revenue trash cost yard cost total cost total profit
Variable: Involves the use of varying can sizes on behalf of the residents.
Residents subscribe to a can size and are charged on a monthly basis for the
provision of the pick-up service. In the example below we assume that 1/3 of
the population subscribes to the each option for the can sizes. The smallest can
size (30 gallons) is provided at the same cost as the current system: $9 per
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month. The increase in price for increased can sizes is meant to deter the use
of the larger can sizes. We use 4650 as the number of households in West
Lafayette that would be affected by this plan and assume that 1/3rd of the
households would pick each bin size. With the tipping fee from Tippecanoe
County for the drop off center ($40,000) and assuming a profit of $20,000 from
the sale of recyclables (conservative but necessary because of current economic
climate), the revenue generated would approximate the expenses for the DPW
from 2007 (see Table 1). The smallest bin size was chosen as 30 gallons
because it is smaller than the average amount of trash West Lafayette
households generate weekly and therefore provides an incentive to reduce trash
for most people. The other bin sizes correspond to commonly found trash
containers.
Table 3 Example Variable Rate Structure for City of West Lafayette, IN*
Total $706,800.00
Multi-tiered: Involves the use of tags and cans. This system also has a fixed fee
attached to it. We recommend setting up this type of system for the city of
West Lafayette because it provides a stable revenue base for the DPW and
gives residents choices as well as clear incentives to reduce their trash by
choosing products with less packaging or recycling more. Again, the smallest
bin size is 30 gallons. In this scenario, hereafter referred to as scenario 1,
residents also have the option of choosing to purchase tags for $1 per tag. All
households must pay the $5 flat fee, but if they think that they generate less
than 30 gallons of non-recyclable waste a week, then they can use the tag
system. In scenario 1 we assume that the household which selected the tag
option would use 3 tags a month, i.e. fill less than 90 gallons worth of trash in a
month. In this case they are charged $8 a month compared to $9 a month if
residents choose the 30 gallon bin option with a maximum of 120 gallons
worth of trash in a month. Other bin choices are more expensive. The tag
option can also be used by residents who have subscribed to any bin size to
accommodate times where they may have more trash than regularly, for
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example when they have guest or undergo construction. The tags can be
attached to bags or trash bins, provided they are less than 30 gallons.
Table 4 Possible Multi-tiered Rate Structure for the City of West Lafayette, IN*
revenue generated /
scenarios* break up rate charged/house/month by each field
Total $697,500.00
*For more scenarios developed for the City of West Lafayette, see appendix III
This exemplifies a possible price structure and is one of many we developed so that
they may fit the needs of Pay-As-You-Throw in West Lafayette (according to the
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If this rate structure were changed so that half of the population chose the 30 gallon
option, 1/8th chose 56 gallon, 1/8th chose 96 gallon and a quarter of the population
used three 30 gallon bags per month (without the use of a bin _ but still paying the
flat fee), the revenue would be $599,890. We feel that this would be an example of a
„worst-case‟ scenario financially but a „best-case‟ scenario environmentally since the
population would have clearly shifted to throwing out less waste. The added revenue
from sales of recycling (which can only go up since the earth‟s resources are finite)
would be expected to make up the potential shortfall in funds.
B. Survey
The first group of questions is related to recycling. This section was designed to
quantify the amount of knowledge that residents of West Lafayette have about proper
recycling practices. This knowledge will be particularly useful when attempting to
educate the residents of West Lafayette about the Pay-As-You-Throw program. If
people know more about proper recycling practices they will be more likely to
recycle more often. The more knowledge the residents have about recycling, the more
likely it is that the PAYT program will be beneficial to them. Likewise, the more
PAYT becomes beneficial to residents, the bigger the impact will be on the
environment.
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The next section involves questions related to regular trash pick-up. The main
objective of this section is to gauge the amount of trash that households leave for
curbside collection. With this information, the designers of the PAYT rate system will
be able to customize charges that are feasible for West Lafayette, taking into account
the current price for pick-up as well as the amount of revenue that the Streets and
Sanitation Department needs to generate.
After the trash section, there is a section that briefly describes the PAYT system
and also asks residents if they would like to see this system implemented in West
Lafayette. Also included in this section is an opportunity for the survey-taker to make
comments or ask questions. This section will prove to be important when residents
are educated about the PAYT system at length. If there are good questions asked and
concerns voiced at this time, it will be easier to address them during the PAYT
educational sessions or community forums that will be held prior to the
implementation of the program.
The last section asks demographic related questions. The role of this section is to
make sure that the entire desired population is represented equally. In any survey, if
the desired population is not represented equally, it will result in survey bias. Survey
bias, while unavoidable, can be controlled if the proper precautions are taken. The
goal of this section is to fairly represent all of the residents of West Lafayette. The
team was unable to do a mail or telephone survey because of lack of funds. We did
investigate going to certain locations and administer the survey to volunteers. Arcury
and Quandt (1999) recommended creating a list of locations in the community where
citizens from different socio-economic status, demographic status (i.e. gender and
age), and employment characteristics congregate and visiting these locations at
different times of day for multiple days to obtain a representative sample of the
population. Our list consisted of the local grocery stores including Walmart, the
CityBus change station in Lafayette, YMCA, YWCA and Morton Center, the
Tippecanoe Mall, local parks and the West Lafayette library. Because of logistical
issues we were unable to conduct this „site-based‟ survey.
We think that the easiest way for the city to implement the survey is to include a
link to the online version of the survey we created on the trash bill that residents‟
receive all the while advertising for the survey using local news services. We
attempted to do this but due to our semester schedule and some miscommunication
issues it was never put into place. The online version of the survey is available at
http://purdue.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_0StEZ5udEdLHjjS&SVID=Prod and
requires the following password: EPICS. For ease of fitting the URL onto the bill we
created a smaller URL to reach the survey: http://tiny.cc/PAYTsurvey . Paper copies
of the survey should be available at city hall for residents to pick up if they are not
comfortable with the online version (they can also print out a paper copy from
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http://docs.google.com/View?docid=dd4jds49_0fvmq6hcc&pageview=1&hgd=1&hl
=en ). Our recommendation to the city of West Lafayette is to administer the survey
before implementing PAYT and use the results to tweak the chosen rate structure.
Another scenario could be to add on to this survey with a section where residents are
given the rate structure proposed by the city and asked to give their preferred choice.
Upon analysis of the survey results, the city would have a better estimate of revenues
generated by the program and perhaps more confidence in their choice of a rate
structure. In contrast, the survey presented in this document was designed to be
implemented before considering switching to a PAYT to get a better sense of the
residents‟ potential concerns. In this case the survey should be followed by an
extensive education campaign and the results of the survey should also be used to
tweak the rate structure to better fit the city‟s goals.
i. The handbook states that all efforts for education should convey to residents
the exact structure of a new PAYT program. The residents must be provided
with all essential information, including:
The types and costs of all services offered under the new program
The schedule for collections
The means by which the fees will be collected
The methods or outlets for purchasing cans, bags, tags, or stickers
ii. The ways in which the Sanitation Department can provide residents with
detailed information about the new program is by:
Distributing flyers or a letter from a local official or recycling coordinator.
Enclosing inserts in utility bills that discuss the program and answer
common questions. Direct mailings to households can also be used.
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Distributing flyers in all public places like libraries, schools, and stores.
Especially the stores that will be selling these bags, tags and stickers. The
retail stores can hand the flyers out and the retailers can familiarize
themselves with the program.
Producing newsletters that discuss the need for the program and answer
questions and provide updates about the progress of the program. The
newsletters can be sent to all Home Owner Associations and schools in the
area.
Establishing a telephone hotline to provide residents with immediate
answers to their questions.
ii. Word-of-mouth
iii. Workshops
Interactive Workshops
Web Based Workshops-Interactive
Certain rewards can be given to random people who implement the PAYT
program and actively recycle (see examples of such rewards for different
programs in the table below). Some recommendations for rewards include:
Make sure that the disincentives are large enough to deter people
Ensure that the incentive is noticeable.
Design the incentive/disincentive to discourage evasion
Some example incentives and disincentives are shown below
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Objectives: This lesson is designed for fourth grade students. The main objectives
of this lesson are to identify and create awareness about how much garbage we
produce, identify landfills and their purposes, and explain how recycling saves
energy and resources while reducing pollution.
Materials Needed: Rubber bands, brown paper bag, tape, crayons, scissors, 1
gallon glass jar, measuring cup (250ml), red food coloring, 1 gallon jug water, paper
plate, china plate, paper towel, terry cloth dish towel, plastic bag, plastic foam cup,
glass, plastic wrap, reusable refrigerator container, carrots in a plastic bag, carrots
out of plastic bag.
Activities: Do an activity called Test Your Recycling Sense. Tell students that you
are going to hold up two objects and that they must tell you which object is better for
our environment. Paper plate-china plate, paper towel-terry cloth dish towel, plastic
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bag-paper bag, plastic foam cup-glass, carrots in plastic bag and carrots out of plastic
bags. (Note: The second items in each pair are better for our environment.)
A second activity is an experiment showing how pollution affects wildlife. Pour one-
half cup of water
into the gallon jar. Add and stir in two drops of food coloring. Add one cup of
water at a time to the jar until the red color disappears. It takes about 7 or more
measuring cups of clear water to make the red color disappear. The children should
know that when pollutants are put into streams, they go through
the entire stream. They do not disappear. They merely spread out just like the food
coloring did in the experiment. However, they are still present in the stream and
various negative impacts on both wildlife and humans.
A fourth activity is to have students construct a folder for their schoolwork using
recycled brown paper bags. The intent is to make students aware of the benefits of
reusing materials before discarding them. The cover of the newly created folder can
be decorated as an art project.
2. Flatten bag by placing the advertising toward you. Pull the front edge with
your left hand, and the back folded edge with your right hand.
4. Tape the top edges of the bag together. Tape the bottom edges of bag
together.
5. Measure 30 cm (12 inches). Down from the top edge, then fold the bottom
edge up.
6. Tape edges only. You may want to use staples or glue instead.
V. Conclusion
Our proposal is one that incorporates successful ideas that have already been
implemented in many municipalities in the United States. The rate structures that
were given in this report are examples of possible choices for the city of West
Lafayette. We recommend that the city pick a preliminary rate structure based upon
our recommendations, implement an education and outreach campaign and then
switch to a PAYT. It is very important for citizens to have a clear understanding of
the choices they will have under the system and the reasons behind it as well as rules
and regulations about switching between services and non compliance issues.
Residents should be informed of the recycling rate improvements as they occur to
ensure the viability of the system over time. The city can also adjust the rates every
few years to suit their needs best and deal with changing costs. It is also possible that
with the success of PAYT, the recycling system may need to be modified in the
future. These changes could include switching to single stream recycling or
potentially providing residents with a stackable bin and giving them the option of
purchasing additional stackable bins to ease the sorting of recyclables.
Because the West Lafayette‟s recycling rate has only shown a slight increase over the
past few years (from 29.3% in 2002 to 33.4% in 2007) we feel that the city should
provide incentives to recycle more and a PAYT program will accomplish this task.
Our report shows that PAYT is economically feasible in West Lafayette and provides
social and environmental benefits.
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VI. References
Canterbury, Janice L. (1999), Rate structure design setting rates for a pay-as-you-
throw program (SuDoc EP 1.2:P 29/3). Washington DC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Solid Waste And Emergency Response.
Dillman, D. (1941) Mail and telephone surveys: the total design method.
Eurostat (2009) Municipal Waste News Release, last visited May 2009,
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/8-09032009-BP/EN/8-
09032009-BP-EN.PDF
Rogers, E. (2003) Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edition, New York: Free Press
STATindiana <http://www.stats.indiana.edu>
VII. Acknowledgements
This project has been an enjoyable and educational experience for all of us who have
worked on it including those of us from the previous semester. We wish to thank
EPICS for the opportunity to research this project for class credit. Particular thanks
go to Professor Oakes, Carla Zoltowski and Pam Brown for all their support during
this project. We also wish to thank Dave Downy and members of the West Lafayette
Go Green Commission for their input throughout the process. Lastly, but not least we
extend our gratitude to Reverend Bunder for his continued assistance with our
project, for being patient with us and giving us constructive feedback as we
progressed through the research that needed to be completed. We hope that this
system will be beneficial to West Lafayette and that other cities use the report to
conduct similar studies in their area and implement PAYT systems.
Contributors:
Large Streets,
Solid Waste Appliances
& Large Sanitation, Soil Maker Streets, Sanitation,
(without and Recycling and Recycling
Items chemicals) Center of W.L. Center of W.L.
DISCLAIMER: This survey is intended for the residents of West Lafayette who have curbside pickup and
therefore come under the jurisdiction of the streets and sanitations department of the City of West
Lafayette. This survey is confidential and voluntary. At any point if you do not feel comfortable
answering a particular question, please move on to the next question.
4. Are you aware of the recycling information available on the city council’s website?
Yes___ No___
5. Did you know you can get a free recycling bin from the city?
Yes___ No___
If you’re not sure, what day does your trash get picked up? _________________
7. On average, how many 55 gallon garbage bags do you leave for curbside pickup every week?
8. To what extent do you agree with the statement, “I am willing to throw away less in order to save
money?” (This implies that you would have to recycle more, or buy products with less packaging.)
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9. How much do you think you should have to pay for curbside pickup per month knowing that a
commercial pickup service charges $16 a month to pick up for Tippecanoe County residents?
10. Does the amount of trash you throw away vary widely from week to week?
Yes___ No___
a. If yes, what is the minimum and maximum amount of bags that you throw away?
11. Currently there is no additional charge for bulk items (couch, refrigerator, etc.) to be picked up with
your normal trash collection. To what extent do you agree with the following statement, “It is
reasonable to be charged more money in order for a bulk item to be picked up.”
13. What are the ages of people that live in your household? (Check all that apply.)
14. What is your highest level of education? (If you are not comfortable answering, please end the
survey.)
Appendix III Rate structure scenarios for the City of West Lafayette for two different options: variable and
multi-tiered, considering 4650 households. The ‘Totals’ do not consider Tippecanoe County Tipping Fee,
recycling revenue or brush and bulk items pickup revenue.
Variable scenarios: Some of the scenarios are given to show the stability of revenues with different breakdowns of
household choices and small adjustment of the fees (for example compare scenarios 2 and 5).
Scenarios 7 and 8 assume the ‘extra bag’ costs $1 per bag and that 4 bags are used per month for each household
who chooses that option as a complement to their bin choice.
Multi-tiered scenarios (Scenarios 1 and 2 are described in the body of the text).
Total $ 669,600.00
Total $ 762,600.00
PAYT39
Total $ 818,400.00
Total $ 760,275.00
Total $ 802,125.00
Total $ 857,925.00