Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Lahore College for Women University

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Coronary heart disease is a general term that refers illness caused the narrowing of the coronary arteries, the vessels that supply the heart with blood. Coronary artery disease is also known as arteriosclerotic heart disease. SYMPTOMS The most devastating sign of coronary heart disease is abrupt, unexpected cardiac arrest.

Shortness of breath on exertion. Angina Jaw pain, back pain, or arm pain, especially on left side, either during exertion or at rest.

Palpitations (a sensation of rapid or very strong heart beats in your chest). Dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting. Weakness on exertion or at rest. Irregular heartbeat.

CAUSES Coronary heart disease is caused by any problem with the coronary arteries that keeps the heart from getting enough oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood. The following are the most common:

Heredity: Coronary Heart Disease Runs In The Family. High Cholesterol Tobacco Abuse Obesity High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Diabetes Lack Of Regular Exercise

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

High-Fat Diet Emotional Stress Depression Anxiety Type A Personality (Impatient, Aggressive, competitive)

PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OR RISK FACTORS Risk factors for coronary heart disease conclude high blood pressure, diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, low level of physical activity and certain psychological distress. Role of stress can be caused by a physical or emotional change, or a change in your environment that requires you to adjust or respond. Things that make you feel stressed are called "stressors. Hostility, depression, cardiovascular reactivity to the stress is heavily implicated in the development of coronary heart disease. Heart disease is more common in low socioeconomic status, especially in males. (kartz Mcceny, 2002.) Acute stress, anxiety, negative emotions, and sudden burst of activity can precipitate sudden clinical events such as heart attack, which lead to diagnosed disease. PERSONALITY types Type A Personalities are often high-achieving "workaholics" who multi-task, push themselves with deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence. Type B individuals as perfect contrast to those with Type A personalities. People with Type B personalities are generally apathetic, patient, relaxed, easy-going, no sense of time schedule, having poor organization skills. Some researchers claim that type A personalities become impatient by the behaviors of the Type B Personality. Recent years researches have showed that type a behavior itself a cause of coronary heart disease. Type A

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

may be a strong predictor of when a coronary incident occur because type a behavior increases exposure to potential triggers such as acute stress Type C Personalities are described as suppressing emotional expression, and denying strong emotional reactions; failing to cope successfully with stress, with a reaction of giving up, linked with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness and frustration which lead them to psycho physiological disorders such as coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease can cause by the in ANXIETY in the life events such as

Illness, either personal or of a family member or friend. Death of a friend or loved one. Problems in a personal relationship. Work overload. Starting a new job. Unemployment. Retirement. Pregnancy. Crowds. Relocation. Daily hassles. Legal problems. Financial concerns. Perfectionism. Dizziness, general aches and pains, grinding teeth, clenched jaws, headaches,

PHYSICAL SIGNS

indigestion, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping, racing heart, ringing in the ears, stooped posture, sweaty palms, tiredness, exhaustion, trembling, weight gain or loss, upset stomach

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

MENTAL SIGNS

Constant worry, difficulty making decisions, forgetfulness, inability to concentrate, lack of creativity, loss of sense of humor, poor memory

EMOTIONAL SIGNS

Anger, anxiety, crying, depression, feeling powerless, frequent mood swings, irritability, loneliness, negative thinking, nervousness, sadness Bossiness, compulsive eating, critical attitude of others, impulsive actions,

BEHAVIORAL increased use of alcohol or drugs, withdrawal from relationships or social SIGNS situations

SIGNS AND TESTS

Many tests help diagnose CHD. Usually, your doctor will order more than one test before making a diagnosis. Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram (ECG) Exercise stress test Heart CT scan Magnetic resonance angiography Nuclear stress test

TREATMENT Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery Manage Stress Quit Smoking

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Maintain a Healthy Weight Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH ) Follow a Healthy Diet CARDIAC REHABILITATION Cardiac rehabilitation is used to provide the relief from the symptoms and to reduce the severity of the disease, to limit further progression of the disease, and to promote psychological and social adjustment. OUTLOOK (PROGNOSIS) Everyone recovers differently. Some people can maintain a healthy life by changing their diet, stopping smoking, and taking medications exactly as the doctor prescribes. Others may need medical procedures such as angioplasty or surgery. Although everyone is different, early detection of CHD generally results in a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS Many different types of disorders can be influenced by psychological variables like coronary heart disease Disorders can also be reduced by psychological interventions. Combinations of biological and psychological interventions can be very effective in reducing or eliminating psychophysical problems.

Psycho physiological disorder: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

REFRENCES
Christian Nordqvist. (2010, March 31). "What Is Coronary Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease)? What Causes Coronary Heart Disease?." Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184130.php. Gaziano JM, Ridker PM, Libby P. Primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2011: chap 49 Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bezanson JL, Dolor RJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women-2011 Update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(11);1243-1262. Taylor, S. E. (2006). Health Psychology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.