- Thermal Review MultipleChoice andFluid Physics AP Physics

The relation betweentemperature and heat added for I kg of an unknown substanceis shown below.
350 ^ 300 180 160 ^ () E 1zo 140

vs. Time Temperature

9 zoo e E 1so

100 E o
gon

Fso

c 100 E

E"" .o F60 40 20

l.

for this Whatis the heatof vaporization substance? a. 25llkg b. 50 J/kg c. 75lkg d. 125lkg

2 . Whatis the heatof fusionfor this substance? a. 25llkg b. 50 J/kg c. 75llkg d. 125llkg
a J.

heatat a constant absorbs ofa substance A 2 kg sample perminute. rateof 15kilojoules 6. During which two intervalson the graphis the in the kinetic energyof the molecules average increasing? sample a. AB andCD b. BC andDE c. BC andEF d. DE andEF '1. What is the specificheatof the substance in the solidphase? a. 210 J/kg"C b. 300J/kg'C c. 430Ikg"C d. 600 J/kg'C to water,the waterdensity 8. lf salt is added a to submerge The forceneeded increases. will: object incompressible floating,completely and asthe densityincreases a. Increase depth slightly asthe submersion increase increases. and increases asthedensity b. Increase depth staysthe sameasthe submersion increases. and increases asthedensity c. Decrease depth slightly asthe submersion increase increases. and asthe densityincreases d. Decrease slightly asthe submersion decrease depthincreases. forceis: 9. Buoyant to theweightof theobject a. Alwaysequal b. Always equalto the weightof the fluid displaced c. Always equalto the volumeof the object d. Always equalto the volumeof the fluid displaced.

for How muchheatwould haveto be exchanged from gasto to change l0 kg ofthe substance liquid at 200 C? a. -250I J b. -100 J c. 100 d. 250I

the opposite 4. Whatis therateof heatflow between of a 3 m thick cubeof steelin which the surfaces and is OoC surfaces on the opposite temperature 100"C? Thethermalconductivityfor steelis 40 J/s.m'oC J/s a. 3.6x 104 J/s b. 1.2x 104 J/s c. 3.6x 105 J/s d. 1.2x 105 is ofan idealgasheld in a vessel 5 . Ifthe pressure the halvedwhile its volumeis quadrupled, will be temperature a. Half of its originalvalue asits originalvalue b. Thesame c. Twiceits originalvalue d. Onequarterof its original value

1 0 .Threeobjectsareplacedin a tankofwater, as
shown below:

A schematic of a hydraulicpressis shownbelow:

All of the objects havethe samedensity,a density lessthanwater,but theyhavedifflerent sizesas which one shown.Whenthe objectsarereleased, hasthe greatest acceleration? a. ObjectI b. ObjectII c. ObjectIII d. All threeobjectswill havethe same acceleration
l l . Threeobjects areplacedin a tank ofwater, as

A forceF1is applied to Pistonl. Thiscreates a pressure P1on Pistonl, which increases the pressure uniformly throughout themuchlargeroil reservoirandresultsin a forceF2on Piston2. A pressure P2is therefore appliedto Piston2. In the following problems, assume thattheradius 2,12,isfive timesthatof theradius of of Piston Piston l, rr. 1 3 .The forceon Piston2 is lareerthanthat on Piston I because: a. Fz: Fr b. Fz>Fr c. Pz: Pr d. Pr>Pz x1,by how much t 4 . If PistonI is moveda distance will Piston 2 move? a. X, =5X, b. x, =l0xt x" =-

shownbelow. The objectsall havethe samesize, . but theyhavedifferentdensities: Pr< Prr<Prrr All of the densities are lessthanthat of water. If time, at the same all of the objectsarereleased the surface first? which objectreaches

a. b. c. d.

ObjectI ObjectII ObjectIII All threeobjectswill havethe same acceleration

c.
d.

x,
\

=J x" '2 5

x,

T2, Thethreetanksshownbelow containobjectsof depthin the same sizeanddensityat the same the eachtank.Which objectexperiences pressure? GREATEST

F2by four times,onemust 1 5 .To increase P1by a factorof2 a. Increase 12 by a factorof2 b. Increase r2by afactor of Jl c. Increase 11by a factorof2 d. Increase 16. As a solid objectsinksin waterthe following occurs the objects i. The waterpressure compresses its density. increasing slightly ii. The local waterdensityincreases that dueto the weightof the waterabove location. of themagnitude a. Both I andII increase the buoyantforceon the object. of the magnitude b. Both I andII decrease the buoyantforceon the object. the magnitude I increases c. Only statement ofthe buoyantforceon the object. II increases the d. Only statement magnitude of the buoyantforceon the object.

HHh
a. b. c. d.

ObjectI ObjectII ObjectIII All threeobjectswill havethe same acceleration

Thermal Physics Review l. 'l0'2 A cvlinder contains2 moles of an ideal monatomicgasthat is initially at stateI with a volume of 1.0 x fr una u pi.irure of 4.0 x 105Pa. The gasis bfuught isobaricallyto stateB, where the volume is 2.0 ilOtt m' . ftie gas is then brought at constlnt volume to state C, where its temperatureis the sameas at A. The gasis then brought isothermally back to stateA. state a. Determine the pressuieof the gas at stateC. by b. On the axes shirwn, state B is represented o D the point,B. Sketcha graph of the complete states cycle. Label points A and C to represent ^ iandCresdectively. F,' E c. Statewhethrir the nei work done by the gas during the coihpletecycle is positive,negative, E or Zero.JuStlIyyour answer. $ +
^g

2. A freezercontains 20 kilograms of food with a specific heat of 2 x 103Ukg"C. The temperatureinside the freezeris initially -5o C. The freezer motor then operatesfor 10 minutes, reducing the temperatureto - 8"C. The freezer motor operatesat 400 watts. a. How much heat is removed from the food during this time? b. How much energy is delivered to the freezermotor during the lO-minute period? c. During this time, how much total heat is ejectedinto the room in which the freezer is located? d. Determine the temperaturechangein the room if the specific heat of air is 700 J/kg"C. Assume there are 80 kilograms of air in the room, the volume of the air is constant,and there is no heat loss from the room.

StateI

State2

State3

State4

lT=-i
a r !tttt. 1o

\_ 4 = OoC Vr=1.50x10-3m3 Pi= l.OZx 105Pa Tz=O"C Tz=0"c

"41
a a

a'

,-z

'

100oC Ts= IUU"C 1g

Ta= 100"C 1+ lW-U

Note: Figures not drawn to scale.

A cylinder is fitted with a freely moveable piston of area 1.20 x 10-2 m2 and negligrble mass.The cylinder 1.02 x 105Pa, and below the piston is filled with a gas.At state l, the gas has volume 1.50x 10-3 m3, pressur gas the following taken through The is then of OoC. a temperature the cylinder is in contact with a water bath at four-step process. o A 2.50 kg metal block is placed on top of the piston, compressing the gas to stat2, with the gas still at 0"C. o The cylinder is then brought in contact with a boiling water bath, raising the gas temperature to 100"C at state3. o The metal block is removed and the gas expands to state 4 still at 100"C. o Finally, the cylinder is again placed in contact with the waler bath at 0"C, returning the system to state l. (a) Determine the pressure of the gas in state 2. (b) Determine the volume of the gas in state 2. (c) Indicate below whether the processfrom state 2 to starc 3 is isothermal, isobaric, or adiabatic. Isothermal Isobaric Adiabatic Yes No Explain your reasoning. (d) Is the processfrom state4 to state I isobaric?Explain your reasoning. (e) Determine the volume of the gas in state4. r

(10 points) the to determine In the laboratory,you aregiven a cylindrical beakercontaininga fluid andyou areasked to a density p of thJ fluid. You areto usea springof negligiblemassandunknownspringconstantlcattached may You p) (D from the spring. hangs D >> derisity ra and mass known of shaped object irregularly stand.-An task. the complete items to following the alsochoosefrom among o A metric ruler r A stopwatch o String 'c. the springconstant determine (a) Explainhow you couldexperimentally

(but none of the spring) is immersed in the O) ' ' Ths spring-object system is now ananged so that the object are observed in the spring-object system and shoo,n above. Describe any changesthat unknown fluid, "s explain why they occur. (c) Explain how you could experimentally determine the density of the fluid. to calculatethe fluid density p. Start (d) Show explicitly, using equations,how you will use your measurements t your equations. you in use by identifying any symbols

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