Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Jaya Narula
Name of Supervisor
Name of Co-Supervisor
Dr. V.V.N.Kishore,
Prof & Head, Dept. of Energy & Environment TERI University, New Delhi
Mr. Y Nagaraju,
Field Manager
TERI,SRC Centre, Bengaluru
Submitted to
Dec,2012
Table of Contents
Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------------------5 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------6 Literature Review-------------------------------------------------------6-11
Briquetting and its advantages Methods of densification Binders Briquetting systems suitable for low pressures Feed stocks variables Process variables
Process Trials-----------------------------------------------------------11-14
Results
Abstract
Green waste includes foliage, plant residues, fallen flowers, garden refuse, leaf litter, cut grass, residues of pruning, weeds and other organic matter discarded from gardens and greeneries but exclude wet (kitchen) waste obtained from Municipal collections. (Bhange et al.n.d.)Bangaluru has quite a large diversity of trees, generating large volumes of green waste everyday from sweeping and maintenance of parks, lawns, playgrounds, home gardens, and road side plantations. TIDE 2000 cited in Chanakya et al, n.d. shows that the waste composition of MSW found at the Bangalore dumpsites comprises predominantly fermentable (70%) and papers/cardboards (11%).The close examination of data indicates that waste which is collected after sweeping street and parks, constitutes 6% of MSW any relatively dry in nature but during the collection gets mixed and form part of the fermentable. The green waste having moisture content less than 20% by weight has significant calorific content and quite appropriate for thermal combustion. But due to improper mechanism/segregation of waste management either it lands up in dumping sites or gets burned at collection point causing land and atmospheric pollution. Green waste can be a potential resource for energy and other value added products after suitable processing. Bhange et al,n.d. found that from various processing option available for green waste , the option of consolidation seems to has tremendous possibilities with associated disadvantages of high investment and heavy maintenance for its production at commercial scale. A few Waste to energy (briquettes/pellets) projects attempted at institutional level for large scale briquetting in past, ended up as large projects entailing significant upfront capital investment and constant revenue expenditure for a relatively low value addition to the end product. On the other hand, a few community level projects tried out in South African countries where in loose combustible biomass blended with paper fibres to form briquettes/pellets, have shown some significant results. This conversion route (small scale waste to energy) enacts as an effective waste management practice with an alternative fuel as an end product for urban poor families. After investigating these research/field works, the Present study has developed an effective solution of converting segregated fraction of waste (consisting of dry/ semi-dry green waste+ paper) to fuel (briquettes/pellets) by simple, fool-proof process steps involving no energy expenditure for making the briquettes/pellets. The process ensures that the input components are softened and converted into a consistent and cohesive matrix which can be consolidated using a simple manual press to low / medium density briquettes/pellets. The making of briquettes/pellets was successfully conducted and the burning of those briquettes/pellets in laboratory has indicated positive results.