ENGINEERING LETTER

The New York Blower Company 7660 Quincy Street, Willowbrook, Illinois 60521 - 5530

MI S CE L L AN E O US E NG I NE E RI NG D AT A
The purpose of this Engineering Letter is to provide reference data commonly required in routine fan system computations.

BASIC FAN LAWS

Variable

When Speed Changes

When Density Changes

RPM2
RPM1

( )
RPM
Pressure P = P
( RPM )
RPM
Horsepower BHP = BHP (
RPM )
Volume

CFM2 = CFM1

Does Not Change

D2
D1
D2
BHP 1BHP 2 =
D1

P2 = P1

FAN EFFICIENCY

( )
( )

Mechanical
Efficiency

Air Horsepower out

x 100%
= Shaft Horsepower
in

Mechanical
Efficiency

TP x CFM
x 100%
6356 x BHP

Static
Efficiency

SP x CFM
x 100%
6356 x BHP

UNITS COMMONLY USED IN FAN APPLICATIONS

In. WG
1
.00403
27.761
13.635
.03937
.53681
407.98

Pascals
248.36
1
6894.7
3386.4
9.7779
133.32
101325

Pressure
In. HG
.07334
.00030
2.0360
1
.00289
.03937
29.921

Psi
.03602
.00015
1
.49116
.00142
.01934
14.696

mm WG
25.400
.10227
705.13
346.33
1
13.635
10363

Volume Flow
3

m /s

m /min.

m /hr.

l/s

l/min.

1
2118.9
35.314
.58858
2.1189
.03531

.000472
1
.01667
.00028
.00100
.00002

.02832
60.000
1
.01667
.06000
.00100

1.6990
3600.0
60.000
1
3.6000
.06000

.47195
1000.0
16.667
.27778
1
.01667

28.317
60000
1000
16.667
60.000
1

Velocity
m/s
.00508
1
.01667
.00028
.44704
.51479

m/min.
.30480
60.000
1
.01667
26.822
30.887

m/hr.
18.288
3600.0
60.000
1
1609.4
1853.2

Atm
.00245
.00001
.06805
.03342
.00010
.00132
1
Rotating Speed

CFM

ft./min.
1
196.85
3.2808
.05468
88.000
101.34

mm HG
1.8628
.00750
51.715
25.400
.07334
1
760.00

mph
.01136
2.2369
.03728
.00062
1
1.1516

Knots
.00987
1.9425
.03238
.00054
.86839
1

RPM

rps

1
60.000

.01667
1

Density
lbs./ft.3

Kg/m3

1
.06243

16.018
1

Power
HP
Watts
1
.00134

745.7
1

VELOCITY PRESSURES
3
(At Standard Density .075 lbs./ft. )

PRESSURE EQUIVALENTS
Inches
Water

Inches
Mercury

Ounces
Per Sq. In.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

.0733
.1467
.2200
.2934
.3667
.4400
.5134
.5867
.6601
.7334
.8067
.8801
.9534
1.027
1.100
1.173
1.247
1.320
1.393
1.467
1.540
1.613
1.687
1.760
1.834
1.907
1.980
2.054
2.127
2.200
2.274
2.347
2.420
2.494
2.567
2.640
2.714
2.787
2.860
2.934
3.007
3.080
3.154
3.227
3.300

.5763
1.153
1.729
2.305
2.882
3.458
4.034
4.611
5.187
5.763
6.340
6.916
7.493
8.069
8.645
9.222
9.798
10.374
10.951
11.527
12.103
12.680
13.256
13.832
14.409
14.985
15.561
16.238
16.714
17.290
17.867
18.443
19.019
19.596
20.172
20.748
21.325
21.901
22.478
23.054
23.630
24.207
24.783
25.359
25.936

Pounds
Per Sq. In.

.0360
.0720
.1081
.1441
.1801
.2161
.2522
.2882
.3242
.3602
.3962
.4323
.4683
.5043
.5403
.5763
.6124
.6484
.6844
.7204
.7565
.7925
.8285
.8645
.9005
.9366
.9726
1.009
1.045
1.081
1.117
1.153
1.189
1.225
1.261
1.297
1.333
1.369
1.405
1.441
1.477
1.513
1.549
1.585
1.621

Millimeters
Water

25.4
50.8
76.2
101.6
127.0
152.4
177.8
203.2
228.6
254.0
279.4
304.8
330.2
355.6
381.0
406.4
431.8
457.2
482.6
508.0
533.4
558.8
584.2
609.6
635.0
660.4
685.8
711.2
736.6
762.0
787.4
812.8
838.2
863.6
889.0
914.4
939.8
965.2
990.6
1016.0
1041.4
1066.8
1092.2
1117.6
1143.0

DENSITIES OF SATURATED AIR

Temp.
(F.)

Density
(lbs./ft.3 )

Temp.
(F.)

Density
(lbs./ft.3 )

-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

.09027
.08824
.08632
.08445
.08264
.08090
.07921
.07753
.07589
.07425
.07262
.07094

100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
212

.0619
.06741
.06552
.06349
.06132
.05895
.05634
.05346
.05036
.04667
.04270
.03730

Velocity
(FPM)

VP
(In. Water)

Velocity
(FPM)

VP
(In. Water)

500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800

.016
.022
.031
.040
.050
.062
.075
.090
.105
.122
.140
.160
.180
.202
.249
.302
.359
.421
.489

3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6200
6400
6600
6800

.561
.638
.721
.808
.900
.998
1.10
1.21
1.32
1.44
1.56
1.69
1.82
1.96
2.10
2.24
2.40
2.55
2.72
2.88

FAN SYSTEM EFFECT FACTORS

Pressure Drop, Inches Water Gauge
Round, Mitred Elbow
Square-Duct Elbow
Air
W/Out Turning With Turning
Multi-piece
Velocity
Vanes
Vanes
Two(FPM) piece
R
R
R
R
R
R
=1
=2
=1
=2
=1
=2
D
D
D
D
D
D

3000
4000
5000
3000
4000
5000
3000
4000
5000

Elbow On The Inlet

1.8
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.3
3.2
1.3
1.0
1.3
0.8
0.6
5.0
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.3
0.8
Elbow (2) Duct Diameters From The Inlet
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
2.0
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.4
3.0
1.0
0.8
1.1
0.7
0.5
Elbow (5) Duct Diameters From The Inlet
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
FAN PRESSURES
TP = SP + VP
TP fan = TP outlet - TP inlet
SP fan = SP outlet - SP inlet - VP inlet
VP = Velocity Pressure
TP = Total Pressure
SP = Static Pressure

Page 2

0.1
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2

ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS

(Multiply Factor by SP at Conditions)
Air
Temp.
(F.)

Altitude (feet)
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

0
50
70
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000

.87
.96
1.00
1.07
1.15
1.25
1.34
1.43
1.53
1.62
1.72
1.81
1.91
2.00
2.10
2.19
2.28
2.38
2.47
2.56
2.66
2.76

.91
1.00
1.04
1.10
1.20
1.29
1.39
1.49
1.59
1.69
1.79
1.88
1.98
2.08
2.18
2.27
2.37
2.48
2.57
2.66
2.77
2.87

.94
1.04
1.08
1.14
1.24
1.34
1.45
1.55
1.62
1.75
1.86
1.96
2.06
2.16
2.26
2.36
2.47
2.57
2.67
2.76
2.87
2.98

.98
1.08
1.12
1.19
1.29
1.40
1.50
1.61
1.72
1.82
1.93
2.03
2.14
2.24
2.35
2.46
2.56
2.66
2.77
2.87
2.98
3.09

1.01
1.11
1.16
1.23
1.33
1.45
1.56
1.67
1.78
1.89
2.00
2.11
2.22
2.33
2.44
2.55
2.66
2.76
2.87
2.97
3.09
3.20

1.05
1.15
1.20
1.28
1.38
1.51
1.62
1.74
1.85
1.96
2.08
2.19
2.30
2.42
2.54
2.65
2.76
2.86
2.96
3.07
3.19
3.31

1.09
1.20
1.25
1.33
1.44
1.56
1.68
1.79
1.91
2.03
2.15
2.26
2.39
2.50
2.62
2.74
2.81
2.98
3.09
3.20
3.33
3.45

1.13
1.25
1.30
1.38
1.50
1.63
1.74
1.86
1.99
2.11
2.24
2.35
2.48
2.60
2.73
2.85
2.96
3.09
3.21
3.33
3.46
3.59

1.17
1.30
1.35
1.43
1.55
1.69
1.81
1.93
2.07
2.19
2.32
2.44
2.58
2.70
2.84
2.94
3.08
3.21
3.33
3.46
3.59
3.73

1.22
1.34
1.40
1.48
1.61
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.14
2.27
2.41
2.53
2.67
2.80
2.94
3.01
3.19
3.33
3.46
3.58
3.72
3.86

1.26
1.39
1.45
1.54
1.67
1.81
1.94
2.07
2.22
2.35
2.49
2.62
2.77
2.90
3.05
3.18
3.31
3.45
3.58
3.71
3.86
4.00

WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS, MEAN VALUES

Material

Density

lbs./ft.

Air
.0749
Aluminum
165
Aluminum chips
48
Antimony
414
Asbestos
153
Asbestos, loose
64
Ashes, coal, dry
40
Ashes, wood, dry
47
Bakelite, Laminated
86
wood filler
85
asbestos filler
118
crushed
43
Baking powder
56
Bauxite, dry, crushed
43
Borax
109
Borax, dry, crushed
75
Brass
530
Brass chips
163
Brick, masonry
118
Bronze
509
Bronze, phosphor
554
Calcium, carbonate
177
Calcium chloride
134
Calcium sulphate
185
Carbide, dry, crushed
50
Carborundum
195
Carborundum, loose
140
Caustic soda
88
Celluloid
90
Cellulose
94
Cement, loose
94
Cereals, bulk barley, corn
37
oats
26
rye, wheat
48
Chalk
142
Charcoal, hardwood
34
softwood
23
broken
12

Material

Density

lbs./ft.

Cinders
Clay, loose, dry
moist
Coal, anthracite
anthracite, piled
bituminous
bituminous, piled
Coffee
Coke
Coke, piled
Coke, dry, crushed
Concrete, cinder
stone
Copper
Copper ore, crushed
Copper oxide
Cork
Corn meal
Corundum, alundum
Cotton, baled
loose
Dolomite
Duralumin
Earth, dry and loose
Earth, moist & loose
Emery
Feldspar
Feldspar, crushed
Ferrous, grind dust
Flour, compressed barreled
loose
Fullers earth, dry
Glass, crown
Glass, flint
pyrex
ground
Granite
loose, piled
Graphite

43
63
110
98
54
85
47
48
75
28
15
97
142
556
190
190
15
40
247
93
30
181
175
76
78
250
160
88
125
47
28
30
160
215
140
90
165
96
132

Material

Density
3

lbs./ft.

Gravel, loose, piled

120
Grit blast dust
160
Gypsum, compressed
152
loose
70
Iron, gray cast
442
Iron ore, loose
150
Lead
710
Lead oxide (red)
567
Leather
56
Lime
53-64
Limestone
163
Lucite
74
Magnesia
214
Magnesium
109
Manganese ore, crushed
259
Marble, crushed
95
Mica
183
Monel metal
556
Natural gas
0.04475
Nickel
547
Nylon
70
Paper
58
Strawboard or
newspaper
33-44
Paraffin
56
Peat, dry
30
Phosphate, ground
75
Porcelain
150
Potash
60
Quartz
165
Quartz, ground
84
Resin
67
Rubber, India
58
compound
115
hard
75
hard sponge
30
tire reclaim, solid
74
tire reclaim, shred
27

Page 3

Material
Salt, gran, and piled
Saltpeter
Sand, dry, loose
Sand, wet
Sandstone
Sandstone, crushed
Sawdust
Shale, riprap
Shavings, planer
Slag, Iron
Slag, granulated
Slate
Soda ash
Soda ash, granulated
Sodium carbonate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium sulphate
Starch
granulated
Steel
Sucrose
Sugar, bulk
Sulphur
Sulphur, crushed
Talc
Tar, bituminous
Tile
Tin
Tobacco
Water
Zinc
Zinc oxide

Density
3

lbs./ft.

48
80
99
110
144
82
7-15
105
7-15
172
60
172
74
30
91
141
167
95
35
487
100
55
126
50
170
69
113
457
16
62.4
443
350

U. S. INCH

MISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORS

Pressure
2
1 Pa = 1 N/m
1 Pa = 10 dy/cm 2
2
1 psi. = 0.0703 kg/cm
2
1 lb./ft. = 4.884 kg/m2
Length
1 mil. = 0.0254 mm
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 ft. = 0.3048 m
1 mi. = 1.6093 km
1 nau. mi. = 1.1516 mi.
Energy
1 Btu = 777.97 ft.-lb.
1 HP = 2545 Btu/Hr.
1 HP = 1.014 metric HP
1 HP = 0.0761 boiler HP
1 KW = 3414 Btu/Hr.
1 Ton = 12000 Btu/Hr.
Mass
1 lb. = 453.5924 g.

Area
1 in. = 6.4516 cm2
1 ft.2 = 0.0929 m2
2
1 yd. = 0.8361 m2
2
1 mi. = 2.5899 km2
Volume
1 in.3 = 16.3871 cm3
3
1 ft. = 0.0283 m3
1 ft.3 = 7.48 gal.
3
1 ft. = 28.316 l.
3
1 yd. = 0.7646 m3
1 oz. = 29.57 ml.
1 gal. = 3.785 l.
1 gal. U.S. = 0.833 Imp. gal.
2

Metric Prefixes
deci = x 0.1
centi = x 0.01
mili = x 0.001
micro = x 0.000001
deca = x 10.0
hecto = x 100.00
kilo = x 1000.00

Fraction

Decimal

MM

1/16

0.06250

1.588

1/8

0.12500

3.175

3/16

0.18750

4.763

1/4

0.25000

6.3 50

5/16

0.31250

7.938

3/8

0.37500

9.525

7/16

0.4375

11.113

1/2

0.5000

12.700

9/16

0.56250

14.288

5/8

0.62500

15.875

11/16

0.68750

17.463

3/4

0.75000

19.050

13/16

0.81250

20.638

7/8

0.87500

22.225

15/16

0.93750

23.813

1.00000

25.400

METAL SHEET AND PLATE DATA

Mild Steel, Stainless
T-1, INX
Gauge

Thickness

1"
3/4"
5/8"
1/2"
3/8"
1/4"
7 (3/16")
10
12
14
16
18

1.0
.75
.625
.50
.375
.250
.1875
.1345
.1046
.0747
.0598
.0478

SHAFTING DATA
(Mild Steel, Stainless)
Aluminum

Weight
(lbs./ft.2 )
40.8
30.6
25.5
20.4
15.3
10.2
7.5
5.625
4.375
3.125
2.50
2.0

ELECTRICAL FORMULAS

Gauge
.250
.190
.160
.125
.100
.080

Weight
(lbs./ft.2 )
3.50
2.65
2.24
1.75
1.40
1.12

Diameter
(in.)
5/8
1
1 3/16
1 7/16
1 11/16
1 15/16
2 3/16
2 7/16
2 11/16
2 15/16
3 3/16
3 7/16
3 15/16
4 7/16
4 15/16
5 7/16
6

Weight
(lbs./ft.)
1.04
2.67
3.77
5.52
7.60
10.02
12.78
15.87
19.29
23.04
27.13
31.55
41.40
52.58
65.10
78.95
96.13

TEMPERATURE
CONVERSION
C = (F - 32) 1.8 K
= C + 273.15
F = (C x 1.8) + 32 R
= F + 459.67
Form 60 7 GAW