Lecture 10 Analysis and Design of Waffle Slabs - 2011

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Lecture-10
Analysis and Design of Two-way Slab Systems (Two Way Joist Slabs & Two-way Slab with Beams)
By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali Civil Engineering Department UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@nwfpuet.edu.pk
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011 1
Topics Addressed
Two-Way Joist Slab
Introduction Behavior Characteristics Basic Steps for Structural Design Example
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
CE 5115
Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Fall 2011
Topics Addressed
Moment Coefficient Method for Two Way Slab with Beams
Introduction
Cases Moment Coefficient Tables Reinforcement Requirements Steps Example
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Two-Way Joist Slab
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Two-Way Joist
Introduction
A two-way joist system, or waffle slab, comprises evenly spaced concrete joists spanning in both directions and a reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with the joists.
Joist
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Two-Way Joist
Introduction
Like one-way joist system, a two way system will be called as two-way joist system if clear spacing between ribs (dome width) does not exceed 30 inches.
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Two-Way Joist
Introduction
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Two-Way Joist
Introduction
The joists are commonly formed by using standard square dome forms and the domes are omitted around the columns to form the solid heads.
Solid Head
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Two-Way Joist
Introduction
Standard Dome Data
Generally the dome for waffle slab can be of any size. However the commonly used standard domes are discussed as follows:
30-inch 30-inch square domes with 3-inch flanges; from which 6inch wide joist ribs at 36-inch centers are formed: these are available in standard depths of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 inches.
19-inch 19-inch square domes with 2 -inch flanges, from which 5-inch wide joist ribs at 24-inch centers are formed. These are available in standard depths of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 inches.
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Introduction
Standard Dome Data
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Behavior
The behavior of two-way joist slab is similar to a two way flat Slab system.
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Characteristics

Dome voids reduce dead load. Attractive ceiling (waffle like appearance). Electrical fixtures can be placed in the voids. Particularly advantageous where the use of longer spans and/or heavier loads are desired without the use of deepened drop panels or supported beams.
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Two-Way Joist
Basic Steps for Structural Design
Step No. 01 (Sizes): Sizes of all structural and non structural elements are decided.
Step No. 02 (Loads): Loads on structure are determined based on occupational characteristics and functionality.
Step No. 03 (Analysis): Effect of loads are calculated on all structural elements.
Step No. 04 (Design): Structural elements are designed for the respective load effects following code provisions.
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Two-Way Joist
Sizes
Minimum Joist Depth
For Joist depth determination, waffle slabs are considered as flat slab (ACI 13.1.3, 13.1.4 & 9.5.3).
The thickness of equivalent flat slab is taken from table 9.5 (c). The thickness of slab and depth of rib of waffle slab can be then computed by equalizing the moment of inertia of equivalent flat slab to that of waffle slab.
However since this practice is time consuming, tables have been developed to determine the size of waffle slab from equivalent flat slab thickness.
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Sizes
Minimum Joist Depth

Equivalent Flat Slab Thickness ACI 318-05 Sect. 9.5.3
Minimum thickness = ln/33
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Two-Way Joist
Sizes
Minimum Joist Depth
Slab and rib depth from equivalent flat slab thickness
Table 01: Waffle flat slabs (19" 19" voids at 2'-0")-Equivalent thickness
Rib + Slab Depths (in.) Equivalent Thickness t e (in.) 8+3 8.89 8+4 10.11 10 + 3 10.51 10 + 4 11.75 12 + 3 12.12 12 + 4 13.38 14 + 3 13.72 14 + 4 15.02 16 + 3 15.31 16 + 4 16.64 Reference: Table 11-2 of CRSI Design Handbook 2002. Note: Only first two columns of the table are reproduced here.
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Two-Way Joist
Sizes
Minimum Joist Depth
Slab and rib depth from equivalent flat slab thickness
Table 02: Waffle flat slabs (30" 30" voids at 3'-0")-Equivalent thickness
Rib + Slab Depths (in.) Equivalent Thickness te (in.) 8+3 8.61 8+4 9.79 10 + 3 10.18 10 + 4 11.37 12 + 3 11.74 12 + 4 12.95 14 + 3 13.3 14 + 4 14.54 16 + 3 14.85 16 + 4 16.12 20 + 3 17.92 20 + 4 19.26 Reference: Table 11-2 of CRSI Design Handbook 2002. Note: Only first two columns of the table are reproduced here. Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011
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Two-Way Joist
Sizes
Minimum Width of Rib
ACI 8.11.2 states that ribs shall be not less than 4 inches in width.
Maximum Depth of Rib

ACI 8.11.2 also states that ribs shall have a depth of not more than 3 times the minimum width of rib.
Minimum Slab Thickness

ACI 8.11.6.1 states that slab thickness shall be not less than onetwelfth the clear distance between ribs, nor less than 2 inch.
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Sizes
Solid Head
Dimension of solid head on either side of column centerline is equal to l/6. The depth of the solid head is equal to the depth of the combined depth of ribs and top slab.
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Loads
Floor dead load for two-way joist with certain dome size, dome depth can be calculated from the table shown for two options of slab thicknesses (3 inches and 4 inches).
Table 03: Standard Dome Dimensions and other Data
Dome Size Dome Depth (inches) 8 10 12 14 16 20 8 10 12 14 16 Volume of Void (ft3) 3.98 4.92 5.84 6.74 7.61 9.3 1.56 1.91 2.25 2.58 2.9 Floor Dead Load (psf) per slab thickness 3 inches 71 80 90 100 111 132 79 91 103 116 129 4 inches 90 99 109 119 129 151 98 110 122 134 148 Fall 2011
30 inches
19 inches
Reference: Table 11-1, CRSI Design Handbook 2002
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Loads
Floor dead load (wdj) for two-way joist can also be
Volume of solid: Vsolid = (36 36 11)/1728 = 8.24 ft3 Volume of void: Vvoid = (30 30 8)/1728 = 4.166 ft3 Total Load of joists per dome: wdj = (Vsolid Vvoid) conc = ( 8.24 4.166) 0.15 = 0.61 kips/ dome Total Load of joists per sq. ft: wdj/ (dome area) = 0.61/ (3 3) = 0.0679 ksf = 68 psf 71 psf (from table 03) The difference is because sloped ribs are not considered.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
calculated as follows:
3 8
36
30
Plan
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Two-Way Joist
Loads
Taking a panel out of the system:
l1 wdj + wsh wdj wdj + wsh
a l1 l2 l2 b
wdj = Dead load at joist (load/ area) wsh = Dead load of solid head (load/ area) Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011
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Two-Way Joist
Loads
If the complete area l1 l2 is assumed to occupy joists alone, then the dead load in the area l1 l2 will be wdj. However since there are solid head regions present, therefore additional dead load due to solid head region shall be:
wdsh = hsolid conc - wdj
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Loads
Factored loads can be calculated as: If wL = live load (load/area) wdj = dead load at joists, then
Factored load due to joists (wj) wuj = 1.2 wdj + 1.6wL Factored load due to solid head (wsh) wush = 1.2(wdsh wdj) l2 b wsh wj wsh
a l1
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Analysis
ACI code allows use of DDM for analysis of waffle slabs (ACI R13.1). In such a case, waffle slabs are considered as flat slabs, with the solid head acting as drop panels (ACI 13.1.3).
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Analysis
Static moment calculation for DDM analysis:

wush a ln Mosh l2 b wush a ln
wuj ln Moj
Moj = wujl2ln2/8
Mosh = wushba2/2
Mo = Moj + Mosh
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Design
Design of slab for punching shear

The solid head shall be checked against punching shear. The critical section for punching shear is taken at a section d/2 from face of the column, where d is the effective depth at solid head.
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Design
Design
of
slab
for
punching shear
Load on tributary area will cause punch out shear.
l1
Within tributary area, two types of loads are acting:

Solid head load Joist load
l2 shall be
d/2
Both
types
considered while calculating punching shear demand

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Design
Design of slab for punching
shear

Total area (At) = l1 l2 Solid head area = Asolid Critical perimeter area = Acp Vu =At wuj + Asolid (wish wuj) Where, wuj = Factored load considering joist alone wsh = Factored solid head dead load l2
l1
d/2
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Design
Shear Strength of Slab in Punching Shear:

Vn = Vc + Vs Vc is least of:

4 (fc)bod (2 + 4/c) (fc)bod {(sd/bo +2} (fc)bod
c = longer side of column/shorter side of column s = 40 for interior column, 30 for edge column, 20 for corner columns
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Design
Design of Joist for Beam Shear:
Beam Shear Demand
Beam shear is not usually a problem in slabs including waffle slabs. However for completion of design beam shear may also be checked. Beam shear can cause problem in case where larger spans and heavier loads with relatively shallow waffle slabs are used.
The critical section for beam shear is taken at a section d from face of the column, where d is the effective depth at solid head.
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Design
Design of Joist for Beam Shear:
Beam shear capacity of concrete joist:

Vn = Vc + Vs Vc is least of:
Stirrup
2 (fc)bribd
Vs = Avfy/bribs
For joist construction, contribution of concrete to shear strength Vc shall be permitted to be 10 percent more than that specified in Chapter 11.
If required, one or two single legged stirrups are provided in the rib to increase the shear capacity of waffle slab.
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Two-Way Joist
Design
Design for Flexure

The design of waffle slab for flexure is done by usual procedures. However, certain reinforcement requirements apply discussed next.
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Two-Way Joist
ACI Recommendations on Reinforcement Requirement of Waffle Slab:
Recommendations for Ribs:
ACI 10.6.7 states that if the effective depth d of a beam or joist exceeds 36 inches, longitudinal skin reinforcement shall be provided as per ACI section 10.6.7.
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ACI Recommendations on Reinforcement Requirement of Waffle Slab:
Recommendations for Slab:
According to ACI 13.3.2, for cellular or ribbed construction reinforcement shall not be less than the requirements of ACI 7.12.
As per ACI 7.12, Spacing of top bars cannot exceed 5h or 18 inches.
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Other Important Points:
The amount of reinforcement and, if necessary, the top slab thickness can be changed to vary the load capacities for different spans, areas, or floors of a structure.
Each joist rib contains two bottom bars. Straight bars are supplied over the column centerlines for negative factored moment.
Bottom bar
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For layouts that do not meet the standard 2-feet and 3-feet
modules, it is preferable that the required additional width be

obtained by increasing the width of the ribs framing into the solid column head.
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The designer should sketch out the spacing for a typical panel and correlate with the column spacing as a part of the early planning.
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Example: Design the slab system of hall shown in figure as waffle slab, according to ACI 318. Use Direct Design Method for slab analysis.

fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi Live load = 100 psf
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Solution:
A 108 144 building, divided into twelve (12) panels, supported at their ends on columns. Each panel is 36 36.
The given slab system satisfies all the necessary limitations for Direct Design Method to be applicable.
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Step No 01: Sizes
Columns
Let all columns be 18 18.
Slab

Adopt 30 30 standard dome. Minimum equivalent flat slab thickness (hf) can be found using ACI Table 9.5 (c): Exterior panel governs. Therefore, hf = ln/33 ln = 36 (2 18/2)/12 = 34.5 hf = (34.5/33) 12 = 12.45
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Step No 01: Sizes
Slab
The closest depth of doom that will fulfill the requirement of equivalent thickness of flat slab equal to 12.45 is 12 in. with a slab thickness of 4 in. for a dome size of 30-in.
Table: Waffle flat slabs (30" 30" voids at 3'-0")-Equivalent thickness Rib + Slab Depths (in.) 8+3 8+4 10 + 3 10 + 4 12 + 3 12 + 4 14 + 3 14 + 4 16 + 3 16 + 4 20 + 3 20 + 4 Equivalent Thickness te (in.) 8.61 9.79 10.18 11.37 11.74 12.95 13.3 14.54 14.85 16.12 17.92 19.26 42
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Step No 01: Sizes
l = 36-0 = 432 Standard module = 36 36 No. of modules in 36-0: n = 432/36 = 12

Planning: First joist is placed on interior column centerline with progressive placing of other joists towards exterior ends of panel. To flush the last joist with external column, the width of exterior joist comes out to be 15 (6+Column size /2) as shown in plan view.
Planning of Joist layout
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Step No 01: Sizes
Solid Head

Solid head dimension from column centerline = l/6 = 36/6 = 6 Total required length of solid head= 2 6 = 12 As 3 3 module is selected, therefore 4 voids including joist witdh will make an interior solid head of 12.5 12.5. (Length of solid head = c/c distance between rib + rib width )
Depth of the solid head = Depth of standard module = 12 + 4.5 = 16.5
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Step No 02: Loads
Floor (joist) dead load (wdj) = 109 psf = 0.109 ksf
Dome Size
Table: Standard Dome Dimensions and other Data Floor Dead Load (psf) per slab thickness Volume of Void Dome Depth (in.) (ft3) 3 inches 4 inches 8 10 12 14 16 20 8 10 12 14 16 3.98 4.92 5.84 6.74 7.61 9.3 1.56 1.91 2.25 2.58 2.9 71 80 90 100 111 132 79 91 103 116 129 90 99 109 119 129 151 98 110 122 134 148
30-in
19-in
Reference: Table 11-1, CRSI Design Handbook 2002
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Step No 02: Loads
Floor (joist) dead load (wdj) = 109 psf = 0.109 ksf Solid Head dead load (wsh) = chsh wdj = 0.15 {(12 + 4.5)/12} 0.109 = 0.097 ksf
Wdj+sh wdj Wdj+sh
a l1
a = 5.25 ft b = 12.5 ft
l2
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Step No 02: Loads
wL = 100 psf = 0.100 ksf Load due to joists plus LL (wuj) wuj = 1.2 wdj + 1.6wL = 1.2 0.109 + 1.60.100 = 0.291 ksf Load due to solid head dead load (wush) wush = 1.2wsh = 1.2 0.097 = 0.1164 ksf
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011
wuj
wush a l1
wush a
l2
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Two-Way Joist
Step No 03: Frame Analysis (E-W Interior Frame)
Step 1: Marking E-W Interior Frame:
l2 = 36
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Step 2: Marking of Column and Middle Strips:
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4 l2/4 = 36/4 = 9
MS/2 = 9 CS/2 = 9 CS/2 = 9 MS/2 = 9

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l2 = 36
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Step 03: Static Moment Calculation
Moj (due to joists) = wojl2ln2/8 = 0.291 36 34.52/8 = 1557.56 ft-kip Mosh (due to solid head excluding joists) = wush ba2/2 = 0.116412.55.252/2 = 20 ft-kip Mo (total static moment) = Moj + Mosh = 1557.56 + 20 = 1577.56 ft-kip
Note: Since normally, Mosh is much smaller than Moj the former can be conveniently ignored in design calculations.
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Two-Way Joist
Step 03: Static Moment Calculation.
l2 = 36
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Step 04: Longitudinal distribution of Total static moment (Mo).
Longitudinal distribution factors (D.F)L

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115
0.52 0.26
0.35
0.52
l2 = 36
0.70 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.26
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ML = Mo (D.F)L
820
552
820
l2 = 36
410 1104 1025 1025 1104 410
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Step 05: Lateral Distribution of Longitudinal moment (L.M).
Lateral distribution factors (D.F)Lat

0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.00
l2 = 36
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ML,ext- = 410 kip-ft ML,ext+ = 820 kip-ft ML,int- = 1104 kip-ft
ML,- = 1025 kip-ft

ML,+ = 552 kip-ft
0 328/2 276/2 256/2 221/2 256/2 276/2 328/2 492 410 0 828 769 331 769 828 492 410 0 0
MLat = ML (D.F)Lat
l2 = 36
328/2 276/2 256/2 221/2 256/2 276/2 328/2
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ML,ext- = 410 kip-ft
ML,ext+ = 820 kip-ft

ML,int- = 1104 kip-ft ML,- = 1025 kip-ft ML,+ = 552 kip-ft
0 18.22 15.33 14.22 12.3 14.22 15.33 18.22 27.3 22.8 0 46 42.7 18.38 42.7 46 27.3 22.8 0 0
MLat per foot = Mlat/strip width
l2 = 36
18.22 15.33 14.22 12.3 14.22 15.33 18.22
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Two-Way Joist
Step No 03: Frame Analysis (E-W Exterior Frame)
Step 03: Static Moment Calculation
Moj (due to joists) = wojl2ln2/8
l2 = 18 + c/2 = 18 + (18/12)/2 = 18.75 c = column dimension
= 0.291 18.75 34.52/8 = 811.78 ft-kip Mosh (due to solid head excluding joists) = wush ba2/2 = 0.116475.252/2 = 12.83 ft-kip Mo (total static moment) = Moj + Mosh = 811.78 + 12.83 = 825 ft-kip
Note: Since normally, Mosh is much smaller than Moj the former can be conveniently ignored in design calculations.
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Step 03: Static Moment Calculation.
l2 = 18.75
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Longitudinal distribution factors (D.F)L

0.52 0.52 0.35 0.26 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.26

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ML = Mo (D.F)L
429 429 289 215 578 536 536 578 215
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Lateral distribution factors (D.F)Lat

0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.00
Two-Way Joist
ML,ext- = 215 kip-ft
ML,ext+ = 429 kip-ft

ML,int- = 578 kip-ft ML,- = 536 kip-ft ML,+ = 289 kip-ft
MLat = ML (D.F)Lat
215 0 257 172 434 402 144 134 173 116 769 402 134 144 257 172 215 0
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ML,ext- = 215 kip-ft ML,ext+ = 429 kip-ft ML,int- = 578 kip-ft
ML,- = 536 kip-ft

ML,+ = 289 kip-ft
MLat per foot = Mlat/strip width

23.8 0 28.6 48.2 44.7 19.2 44.7 48.2 28.6 23.8 0
17.64 14.76 13.74 11.89 13.74 14.76 17.64
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Step No 03: Frame Analysis
Analysis of N-S Interior and Exterior Frame will be same as E-W respective frames due to square panels.
N-S Interior Frame l2 = 36-0
N-S Exterior Frame l2 = 18-9

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Step No 04: Design
For E-W Interior Slab Strip:
Selective values are used for design.
18.22 15.33 14.22 12.3 14.22 15.33 18.22 27.3 18.38 46 42.7 42.7 46 27.3
22.8 0
22.8 0
l2 = 36
18.22 15.33 14.22 12.3 14.22 15.33 18.22
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Step No 04: Design
E-W Exterior Frame.
Selective values are used for design
23.8 0
28.6
48.2
19.2 11.89
48.2
28.6 23.8 0
17.64 14.76
14.76 17.64
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Step No 04: Design
Design of N-S Interior and Exterior Frame will be same as E-
W respective frames due to square panels and also for the

reason that davg is used in design.
davg
= 16.5 (0.75 inch (cover) + inch (Assumed bar
diameter) = 15 inch
This will be used for both directions positive as well as negative reinforcement.
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Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Frames)
Negative Reinforcement in E-W direction
For M = 46 ft-k =46 x12 = 552 in-k d = 15 fy = 60 ksi As = 0.7 in2

#6 @ 12 #6 @ 6 #6 @ 6 #6 @ 12
#6 @ 18 #6 @ 12 Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115
#6 @ 18 #6 @ 6
#6 @ 18 #6 @ 6
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Step No 05: Detailing (N-S Frames)
#6 @ 12 #6 @ 18 #6 @ 12
Negative Reinforcement in N-S direction
#6 @ 6
#6 @ 18
#6 @ 6
#6 @ 6
#6 @ 18
#6 @ 6
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Step No 05: Detailing (N-S Frames)
Positive reinforcement
For M = 27 ft-k =27x12 = 324in-k d = 15 fy = 60 ksi As = 0.373 in2 This is per foot reinforcement. For 18 feet col strip, this will
be equal to 0.373 x 18 = 6.714 in2

There are 6 joists in 18 feet with. Therefore per rib reinforcement = 1.12 Using # 7 bars, 2 bars per joist rib will be provided.
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Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Interior Frame)
18-0
#6 @ 6 c/c
Column Strip (Interior Frame); section taken over support

2 #7 Bars #6 @ 12 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Column Strip (Exterior Frame); section taken over support

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Two-Way Joist
Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Interior Frame)
18-0
#6 @ 18 c/c
Middle Strip (Interior Frame); Section taken over column line

2 #7 Bars #6 @ 18 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Middle Strip (Exterior Frame); Section taken over column line

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Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Exterior Frame)
9-0
#6 @ 6 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Column Strip (Interior Frame); section over support
#6 @ 12 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Column Strip (Exterior Frame); section over support

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Two-Way Joist
Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Exterior Frame)
9-0
#6 @ 18 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Middle Strip (Interior Frame) ; section over support
#6 @ 18 c/c
2 #7 Bars
Middle Strip (Exterior Frame); section over support

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Step No 04: Design
Note: For the completion of design problem, the waffle slab
should also be checked for beam shear and punching shear.
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Moment Coefficient Method
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Two Way Slabs

Moment Coefficient Method (Introduction)
The Moment Coefficient Method included for the first time in 1963 ACI Code is applicable to two-way slabs supported on four sides of each slab panel by walls, steel beams relatively deep, stiff, edge beams (h = 3hf).
Although, not included in 1977 and later versions of ACI code, its continued use is permissible under the ACI 318-08 code provision (13.5.1). Visit ACI 13.5.1.
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Ma,neg

Moments:
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2 Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2
la
Ma,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
lb
Ma,neg
Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2 Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2
Where Ca, Cb = Tabulated moment coefficients wu = Ultimate uniform load, psf la, lb = length of clear spans in short and long directions respectively.
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Moment Coefficient Method: Cases
Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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Moment Coefficient Tables:
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Load Coefficient Table:
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Maximum Spacing and Minimum Reinforcement Requirement:
Maximum spacing (ACI 13.3.2):

smax = 2 hf in each direction.
Minimum Reinforcement (ACI 7.12.2.1):

Asmin = 0.0018 b hf for grade 60. Asmin = 0.002 b hf for grade 40 and 50.
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Special Reinforcement at Exterior Corner of Slab
The reinforcement at exterior ends of the slab shall be provided as per ACI 13.3.6 in top and bottom layers as shown.
The positive and negative reinforcement in any case, should be of a size and spacing equivalent to that required for the maximum positive moment (per foot of width) in the panel.
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Steps
Find hmin = perimeter/ 180 = 2(la + lb)/180 Calculate loads on slab (force / area) Calculate m = la/ lb Decide about case of slab, Use table to pick moment coefficients, Calculate moments and then design. Apply reinforcement requirements (smax = 2hf, ACI 13.3.2)
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Moment Coefficient Method: Example 1
A 100 60, 3-storey commercial building is to be designed. The grids of column plan are fixed by the architect.
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Complete analysis of the slab is done by analyzing four panels
4 spans @ 25-0
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
3 spans @ 20-0
Panel II
Panel IV
Panel IV
Panel II
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
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A 100 60, 3-storey commercial building: Sizes and Loads.
Sizes:
Minimum slab thickness = perimeter/180 = 2 (20+25)/180 = 6 However, for the purpose of comparison, take hf = 7 Columns = 14 14 (assumed) Beams = 14 20 (assumed)
Loads:

S.D.L = Nil ; Self Weight = 0.15 x (7/12) = 0.0875 ksf L.L = 144 psf ; wu = 0.336 ksf
Two Way Slabs

Panels are analyzed using Moment Coefficient Method
4 spans @ 25-0
Case = 4 m = la/lb = 0.8
Mb,neg
Ma,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Ma,neg
Mb,neg
3 spans @ 20-0
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Case = 4 m = la/lb = 0.8 Ca,neg = 0.071 Cb,neg = 0.029 Ca,posLL = 0.048 Cb,posLL = 0.020 Ca,posDL = 0.039 Cb,posDL = 0.016
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Case = 4 m = la/lb = 0.8 Ca,neg = 0.071 Cb,neg = 0.029 Ca,posLL = 0.048 Cb,posLL = 0.020 Ca,posDL = 0.039 Cb,posDL = 0.016 Ma,neg = 9.5 k-ft Ma,pos = 6.1 k-ft Mb,neg = 6.1 k-ft Mb,pos = 3.9 k-ft
4 spans @ 25-0
Panel I
Mb,neg
Ma,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Ma,neg
Mb,neg
3 spans @ 20-0
For slab supported on Spandrals, Mneg,ext = 1/3Mpos

Two Way Slabs

4 spans @ 25-0
Panel II
3 spans @ 20-0
Ma,neg Mb,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Ma,neg Mb,neg
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4 spans @ 25-0
Panel III
Mb,neg
Ma,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Ma,neg Mb,neg
3 spans @ 20-0
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4 spans @ 25-0
Panel IV
3 spans @ 20-0
Ma,neg Mb,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Ma,neg Mb,neg
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Slab analysis summary
9.5 3.9 6.1 6.1 9.5 10.1 3.2 3.6 5.1 10.1 3.6 5.7 3.2 4.9 8.7 5.7 6.1 8.6 3.7 5.4 7.4 8.7 8.6 7.4
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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Slab Reinforcement Details
C A B B C A A B C B A B C B C A B C C C
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
A= #4 @ 12 B = #4 @ 6 C = #4 @ 4
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Load On Beams from coefficient tables
B2
4 spans @ 25-0
Table: Load on beam in panel I, using Coefficients (wu = 0.336 ksf) Width (bs) of Load slab due to Bea Length panel Wa Wb slab, m (ft) support Wwubs ed by (k/ft) beam B1 25 10 0.71 2.39 B2 25 10 0.71 2.39 B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22 B4 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
Panel I
B1
3 spans @ 20-0
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
Table: Load on beam in panel I, using Coefficients (wu = 0.336 ksf) Width (bs) of Load slab due to Bea Length panel Wa Wb slab, m (ft) support Wwubs ed by (k/ft) beam B1 25 10 0.71 2.39 B2 25 10 0.71 2.39 B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22 B4 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
Panel I
B1
3 spans @ 20-0
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
Table: Load on beam in panel I, using Coefficients (wu = 0.336 ksf) Width (bs) of Load slab due to Bea Length panel Wa Wb slab, m (ft) support Wwubs ed by (k/ft) beam B1 25 10 0.83 2.78 B3 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714 B4 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714
B1
Panel II
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
Table: Load on beam in panel I, using Coefficients (wu = 0.336 ksf) Width (bs) of Load slab due to Bea Length panel Wa Wb slab, m (ft) support Wwubs ed by (k/ft) beam B1 25 10 0.83 2.78 B3 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714 B4 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714
B1
Panel II
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
Panel III
3 spans @ 20-0
Table: Load on beam in panel I, using Coefficients (wu = 0.336 ksf) Width (bs) of Load slab due to Bea Length panel Wa Wb slab, m (ft) support Wwubs ed by (k/ft) beam B1 25 10 0.55 1.84 B3 20 12.5 - 0.45 1.89
B1
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
Panel III
3 spans @ 20-0
B1
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
B1
Panel IV
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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B2
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
B1
Panel IV
B1
B2
B4
B3
B3
B3
B4
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Load On Beams
B2
4 spans @ 25-0
2.39 k/ft 1.22 k/ft 2.39 k/ft 1.84 k/ft 1.89 k/ft 1.84 k/ft 2.39 k/ft 1.22 k/ft 1.89 k/ft
1.22 k/ft
B1
3 spans @ 20-0
2.77 k/ft 0.71 k/ft

B1
0.71 k/ft 1.22 k/ft 2.77 k/ft 2.39 k/ft
B2
B4 CE 5115
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Load On Beams
B2
4 spans @ 25-0
2.62 k/ft 2.07 k/ft 3.34 k/ft
Loads including self weight of beams 0.23 kip/ft
1.45 k/ft
B1
3 spans @ 20-0
5.39 k/ft 0.94 k/ft

B1
4.46 k/ft 2.16 k/ft
B2
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Similarly, slab analysis results of 25 20 structure.
4 spans @ 25-0 Slab thickness = 6
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
3 spans @ 20-0
SDL = 40 psf LL = 60 psf fc =3 ksi fy = 40 ksi wu = 0.234 ksf
Panel II
Panel IV
Panel IV
Panel II
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
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6.6 2.6 4.2 4.0 6.6 7 1.9 2.5 3.2 7 2.5 3.9 2.0 3.0 6.1 3.9 4.2 6.0 2.4 3.5 5.1 6.1 6.0 5.1
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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Similarly, slab analysis results of 20 15 structure.
4 spans @ 20-0 Slab thickness = 6
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
3 spans @ 15-0
SDL = 40 psf LL = 60 psf fc =3 ksi fy = 40 ksi wu = 0.234 ksf
Panel II
Panel IV
Panel IV
Panel II
Panel I
Panel III
Panel III
Panel I
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4 1.3 2.2 2.5 4 4.1 0.9 1.3 2.0 4.1 1.3 2.1 1.0 1.8 3.6 2.1 2.2 3.4 1.3 2.2 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.2
4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
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References
CRSI Design Handbook ACI 318 Design of Concrete Structures 13th Ed. by Nilson, Darwin and Dolan.
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The End
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Lecture 10 Analysis and Design of Waffle Slabs - 2011

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Two-Way Joist Slab

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Standard Dome Data

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Standard Dome Data

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Minimum Joist Depth

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Minimum Joist Depth

Equivalent Flat Slab Thickness ACI 318-05 Sect. 9.5.3

Minimum thickness = ln/33

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Maximum Depth of Rib

Minimum Slab Thickness

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures