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B2.0 x H2.0
Clear width
Clear height
Height of fillet
m
m
m
2.00
2.00
0.15
cm
cm
cm
30.0
30.0
30.0
Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall
Outside
cm
6.0
Inside
cm
6.0
Top slab
Upper
cm
6.0
Lower
cm
6.0
Bottom slab Lower
cm
6.0
Upper
cm
6.0
Bar arrangement
Side wall
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
12@250
12@250
16@250
12@250
Top slab
Upper edge
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
16@250
12@250
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
12@125
12@250
Upper edge
Lower edge
mm
mm
12@250
12@250
Fillet
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Lower middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Fillet bar
Fillet bar
2 Design Parameters
Unit Weight
Reinforced Concrete
Backfill soil
(wet)
(submerged)
Live Load
Class of road
Truck load at rear wheel
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road)
Pedestrian load
gc=
gs =
gs'=
P=
Ci=
h
3
2.4 tf/m
3
1.8 tf/m
3
1.0 tf/m
Class III
5.0
0.3
0.0
0
(BM50)
tf
(D<4.0m)
(D>4.0m)
tf/m2
Concrete
(K175)
Design Strength
Allowable Compressive Stress
Allowable Shearing Stress
sck=
sca=
ta=
2
175 kgf/cm
2
60 kgf/cm
2
5.5 kgf/cm
Reinforcement Bar
(U24, deformed bar)
ssa=
ssy=
2
1,400 kgf/cm
2
3,000 kgf/cm
n=
h
Ka=
1 / 41
24
0.5
159577285.xlsx.ms_office/Summary
Gwd
D
t2
H
Hf
HT
Hf
t3
t1
t1
B
B
Cover of R-bar
Top Slab d2
Side Wall d1
Bottom Slab d3
0.06 m
0.06 m
0.06 m
Basic Parameters
Ka:
Coefficient of static earth pressure
gw:
Unit weight of water (t/m3)
gd:
Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3)
gs:
Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3)
gc:
Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3)
sck:
Concrete Design Strength
sca
Allowable Stress of Concrete
ssa:
Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar
ta:
Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete)
ssy:
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar
n:
Young's Modulus Ratio
Fa:
Safety factor against uplift
0.5
1.00
1.80
2.00
2.40
175
60
1400
5.5
3000
24
1.2
Basic Dimensions
H:
Internal Height of Box Culvert
B:
Internal Width of Box Culvert
Hf:
Fillet Height
t1:
Thickness of Side Wall
t2:
Thickness of Top Slab
t3:
Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab)
BT:
Gross Width of Box Culvert
HT:
Gross Height of Box Culvert
D:
Covering Depth
Gwd:
Underground Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
hiw:
Internal Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
for Case 3, 4
2.00
2.00
0.15
0.30
0.30
0.30
2.60
2.60
3.00
3.00
0.00
2.00
Basic Conditions
Classification of Live load by truck
Class
PTM:
Truck load of Middle Tire
Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3)
Ii:
am:
Ground contact length of Middle Tire
bm:
Ground contact width of Middle Tire
PTR:
Truck load of Rear Tire
ar:
Ground contact length of Rear Tire
br:
Ground contact width of Rear Tire
PTF:
Truck load of Front wheel
af:
Ground contact length of Front Tire
bf:
Ground contact width of Front Tire
qp:
Pedestrian load
3
5.00
0.3
0.10
0.25
5.00
0.10
0.25
1.25
0.10
0.25
0.00
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(= D)
t
m
m
t
m
m
t
m
m
t/m2
Dimension of frame
t1
t1
D1
t2
H0:
B0:
D1:
Height of frame
Width of frame
Covering depth at middle of top slab
t2/2 + H + t3/2
B + t1
D + t2/2
2.300 m
2.300 m
3.150 m
H0
t3
B0
2/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
0.2664 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
0.0000 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
0.000
2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf')
2D+1.75+bf =
2D+af =
0.0666 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
0.2664 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br')
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =
0.2664 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf')
2D+1.75+bf =
2D+af =
0.0666 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') =
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =
0.2664 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm')
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
0.2664 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
2.300
0.0000 tf/m2,
8.000 m
6.100 m
B=
0.000
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
0.2664
0.0666
0.5328
0.0000
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
B=
B=
B=
B=
2.300
2.300
2.300
0.000
m
m
m
m
(2)
a) + b)
0.5328
(2)
(3)
a) + c) a) + b)
Distributed load total
0.3330 0.5328
Select the combination case of
0.5328 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.
In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.
0.000 tf/m2
Ws =
Wc =
Fa=
ok
6.760 tf/m
BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd}
(HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc
1.2
3/ 41
=
=
14.040 tf/m
6.732 tf/m
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
6.5704
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.0333
2.7000
0.1500
0.1500
3.1665
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.0333
2.7000
2.4500
2.4500
7.7665
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.4400
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
0.8374
1.2522
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
0.0000
-2.9391
5.7208
V
(tf/m)
1.9260
1.4400
1.4400
1.9260
12.4200
0.6127
0.1532
0.0000
-6.7600
13.1579
H
(tf/m)
12.5729
-12.5729
-
x
(m)
1.1500
0.0000
2.3000
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
2.2149
0.0000
3.3120
2.2149
14.2830
0.7046
0.1762
0.9887 12.4310
0.9887 -12.4310
0.0000
-7.7740
15.1316
0.00
(tf/m2)
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
0.8374
1.2522
7.8226
4/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
6.7702
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.1332
2.7000
0.1500
0.1500
3.2664
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.1332
2.7000
2.4500
2.4500
7.8664
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.4400
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
0.8374
1.2522
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
0.0000
-2.9391
5.9206
V
(tf/m)
1.9260
1.4400
1.4400
1.9260
12.4200
1.2254
0.0000
0.0000
-6.7600
13.6174
H
(tf/m)
12.8027
-12.8027
-
x
(m)
1.1500
0.0000
2.3000
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
2.2149
0.0000
3.3120
2.2149
14.2830
1.4092
0.0000
0.9916 12.6953
0.9916 -12.6953
0.0000
-7.7740
15.6600
0.00
(tf/m2)
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
0.8374
1.2522
8.0224
5/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
6.5704
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.0333
2.8350
0.0000
3.0015
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.0333
4.9050
-2.0000
3.0715
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.4400
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
0.8374
1.2522
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
1.7196
0.0000
10.3795
V
(tf/m)
1.9260
1.4400
1.4400
1.9260
12.4200
0.6127
0.1532
3.9550
0.0000
23.8729
H
(tf/m)
6.9839
-6.9839
-
x
(m)
1.1500
0.0000
2.3000
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
y
(m)
1.1456
1.1456
-
M
(tf.m/m)
2.2149
0.0000
3.3120
2.2149
14.2830
0.7046
0.1762
8.0007
-8.0007
4.5483
0.0000
27.4538
2.000
(tf/m2)
5.4000
0.2664
0.0666
0.8374
1.2522
7.8226
6/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
6.7702
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.1332
2.8350
0.0000
3.1014
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.1332
0.1332
4.9050
-2.0000
3.1714
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.4400
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.8374
0.8374
1.2522
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
1.7196
0.0000
10.5793
V
(tf/m)
1.9260
1.4400
1.4400
1.9260
12.4200
1.2254
0.0000
3.9550
0.0000
24.3324
H
(tf/m)
7.2137
-7.2137
-
Ph2
(tf/m2)
7.7665
7.8664
3.0715
3.1714
Pq
(tf/m2)
7.8226
8.0224
7.8226
8.0224
x
(m)
1.1500
0.0000
2.3000
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
1.1500
y
(m)
1.1457
1.1457
-
M
(tf.m/m)
2.2149
0.0000
3.3120
2.2149
14.2830
1.4092
0.0000
8.2649
-8.2649
4.5483
0.0000
27.9823
2.000
(tf/m2)
5.4000
0.5328
0.0000
0.8374
1.2522
8.0224
Pv1
(tf/m2)
6.5704
6.7702
6.5704
6.7702
Ph1
(tf/m2)
3.1665
3.2664
3.0015
3.1014
7/ 41
Wsw
q1
(tf/m) (tf/m2)
1.4400 5.7208
1.4400 5.9206
1.4400 10.3795
1.4400 10.5793
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
8/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
(3)
a) + c)
0.2664
9/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
10/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
11/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
12/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
13/ 41
(1)159577285.xlsx.ms_office, Load
3.166
7.766
6.570
0.000
7.823
2.300
0.000
2.300
2.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
2.61260 tfm
2.20703 tfm
2.89644 tfm
3.44844 tfm
1.0
1.0000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1.0000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
= CCD - CCB
CAB - CAD
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
k3
k1
2(k1+k3)
-3k1
qD
CDA - CDC
k1
k1
k1
k1
-4k1
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.0000
1.0
1.0
3.0000
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0.83584694
0.68941361
qC
qD
= -0.39962
= 0.36301
14/41
=
=
-0.36301
0.39962
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
2.5334 tfm
-2.5334 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
2.5334 tfm
-2.5334 tfm
3.0488 tfm
-3.0488 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
3.0488 tfm
-3.0488 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
7.766 tf/m
3.166 tf/m2
-3.0488 tfm
2.5334
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.480
3.895
1.820
-3.430
m
tf
m
tf
-3.049 tfm
-2.533 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
7.3922
-7.7665 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.1106
6.656
1.111
m is;
15/41
0.828 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
6.570 tf/m2
Uniform load
0.000 tf/m2
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000 m
Length of uniform load w2
2.300 m
Bending moment at end B
-2.5334 tfm
Bending moment at end C
2.5334 tfm
Length of member (=Bo)
2.300 m
Protective covering height
0.060 m
Thickness of member (height)
0.300 m
Effective height of member
0.240 m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
7.556 tf
-7.556 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.480
4.402
1.820
-4.402
2.300 m
m
tf
m
tf
-2.533 tfm
-2.533 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.150 m is;
=
1.811 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
Bending moment at end D
Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member
3.166
7.766
-2.5334
3.0488
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tf/m2
tf/m2
tfm
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
16/41
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
0.480
3.430
1.820
-3.895
m
tf
m
tf
-2.533 tfm
-3.049 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.1807
-3.1665 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =
-4.356
1.189
= 0.82787 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
7.823 tf/m2
7.823 tf/m2
-3.04882 tfm
3.04882
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
1.150
17/41
2.124 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
3.266
7.866
6.770
0.000
8.022
2.300
0.000
2.300
2.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
2.65664 tfm
2.25107 tfm
2.98452 tfm
3.53652 tfm
1.0
1.00000
1.00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
CAB - CAD
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.0000
1.0
1.0
3.0000
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0.87988511
0.73345178
= -0.42164
qC
-0.38503
qB
qD
0.42164
0.38503
18/41
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
-3.1149 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
2.5995 tfm
-2.5995 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
2.5995 tfm
-2.5995 tfm
3.1149 tfm
-3.1149 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
3.1149 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
7.866 tf/m2
3.266 tf/m2
-3.1149 tfm
2.5995
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.480
3.962
1.82
-3.497
m
tf
m
tf
-3.115 tfm
-2.599 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
7.5071
-7.8664 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.1113
6.755
1.111
m is;
19/41
0.828 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
6.770
Uniform load
0.000
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000
Length of uniform load w2
2.300
Bending moment at end B
-2.5995
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
MCB
L
ch
t
d
tfm
m
m
m
m
2.5995
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
7.786 tf
-7.786 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.480
4.536
1.820
-4.536
2.300 m
m
tf
m
tf
-2.599 tfm
-2.599 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.150 m is;
=
1.877 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
3.266 tf/m2
7.866 tf/m2
-2.5995 tfm
3.1149
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
20/41
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
-2.599 tfm
-3.115 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.2956
-3.2664 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =
-4.4551
1.1887
0.8278 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
8.022 tf/m2
8.022 tf/m2
-3.1149 tfm
3.1149
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-3.115 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-3.115 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
9.2257
-8.0224 x
,
x =
1.1500
21/41
2.190 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
3.001
3.071
6.570
0.000
7.823
2.300
0.000
2.300
2.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
1.34167 tfm
1.33550 tfm
2.89644 tfm
3.44844 tfm
1.0
1.00000
1.00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
CAB - CAD
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.0000
1.0
1.0
3.0000
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-2.10676944
1.56094111
qC
qD
= -0.98516
= 0.84870
22/41
=
=
-0.84870
0.98516
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
= -2.46329 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
= 2.04774 tfm
= -2.04774 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
= 2.04774 tfm
= -2.04774 tfm
= 2.46329 tfm
= -2.46329 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= 2.46329 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
3.071 tf/m2
3.001 tf/m2
-2.4633 tfm
2.0477
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.480
2.215
1.820
-1.854
m
tf
m
tf
-2.463 tfm
-2.048 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.6861
-3.0715 x
+
0.0152 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2073
200.634
1.207
m is;
23/41
-0.243 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
6.570
0.000
0.000
2.300
-2.048
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
2.048
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
7.556 tf
-7.556 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.480
4.402
1.820
-4.402
2.300 m
m
tf
m
tf
-2.048 tfm
-2.048 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.150 m is;
=
2.297 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
3.001 tf/m2
3.071 tf/m2
-2.048 tfm
2.463
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
24/41
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
-2.048 tfm
-2.463 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.2979
-3.0015 x
-0.0152 x2 ,
x =
-198.33
1.093
-0.243 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
7.823 tf/m2
7.823 tf/m2
-2.463 tfm
2.463
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-2.463 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-2.463 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
8.9959
-7.8226 x
,
x =
1.150
25/41
2.709 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Pv1
Pv2
Pq
a
b
H0
B0
t1
t2
t3
3.101 tf/m2
3.171 tf/m2
6.770 tf/m2
0.000 tf/m2
8.022 tf/m2
2.300 m
B
0.000 m
2.300 m
H0 (t1)
2.300 m
0.300 m
A
0.300 m
0.300 m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
1.38571 tfm
1.37954 tfm
2.98452 tfm
3.53652 tfm
1.0
1.00000
1.00000
k3
-3k1
qA
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
2(k1+k3)
k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
0
k3
k1
CAB - CAD
qB = -qC
R =0
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
qA
qB
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
3.0000
1.0
qA
qB
-2.15080761
1.60497928
1.0
3.0000
qC
qD
= -1.00718
= 0.87072
26/41
=
=
-0.87072
1.00718
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
= -2.52934 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
= 2.11380 tfm
= -2.11380 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
= 2.11380 tfm
= -2.11380 tfm
= 2.52934 tfm
= -2.52934 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= 2.52934 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
3.171 tf/m
3.101 tf/m2
-2.529 tfm
2.114
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.480
2.282
1.82
-1.921
m
tf
m
tf
-2.529 tfm
-2.114 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.8009
-3.1714 x
+
0.0152 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2055
207.200
1.205
m is;
27/41
-0.243 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
6.770
0.000
0.000
2.300
-2.114
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
2.114
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
7.786 tf
-7.786 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.480
4.536
1.820
-4.536
2.300 m
m
tf
m
tf
-2.114 tfm
-2.114 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.150 m is;
=
2.363 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
3.101 tf/m2
3.171 tf/m2
-2.114 tfm
2.529
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
28/41
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
-2.114 tfm
-2.529 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.4128
-3.1014 x
-0.0152 x2 ,
x =
-204.9
1.095
-0.243 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
8.022 tf/m2
8.022 tf/m2
-2.529 tfm
2.529
2.300
0.060
0.300
0.240
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-2.529 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-2.529 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
9.2257
-8.0224 x
,
x =
1.150
29/41
2.775 tfm
(2)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeMSN
Member
Side wall
(left)
Case
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Top slab
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Side wall
(right)
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Invert
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Check
Point
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
M
(tfm)
-3.049
0.828
-2.533
-3.115
0.828
-2.599
-2.463
-0.243
-2.048
-2.529
-0.243
-2.114
-2.533
1.811
-2.533
-2.599
1.877
-2.599
-2.048
2.297
-2.048
-2.114
2.363
-2.114
-2.533
0.828
-3.049
-2.599
0.828
-3.115
-2.048
-0.243
-2.463
-2.114
-0.243
-2.529
-3.049
2.124
-3.049
-3.115
2.190
-3.115
-2.463
2.709
-2.463
-2.529
2.775
-2.529
30/41
N
(tf)
8.996
8.301
7.556
9.226
8.530
7.786
8.996
8.240
7.556
9.226
8.471
7.786
5.181
5.181
5.181
5.296
5.296
5.296
3.298
3.298
3.298
3.413
3.413
3.413
7.556
8.301
8.996
7.786
8.530
9.226
7.556
8.240
8.996
7.786
8.471
9.226
7.392
7.392
7.392
7.507
7.507
7.507
3.686
3.686
3.686
3.801
3.801
3.801
S
at joint
7.392
0.000
-5.181
7.507
0.000
-5.296
3.686
0.000
-3.298
3.801
0.000
-3.413
7.556
0.000
-7.556
7.786
0.000
-7.786
7.556
0.000
-7.556
7.786
0.000
-7.786
5.181
0.000
-7.392
5.296
0.000
-7.507
3.298
0.000
-3.686
3.413
0.000
-3.801
8.996
0.000
-8.996
9.226
0.000
-9.226
8.996
0.000
-8.996
9.226
0.000
-9.226
(tf)
at 2d
3.895
-3.430
3.962
-3.497
2.215
-1.854
2.282
-1.921
4.402
-4.402
4.536
-4.536
4.402
-4.402
4.536
-4.536
3.430
-3.895
3.497
-3.962
1.854
-2.215
1.921
-2.282
5.241
-5.241
5.375
-5.375
5.241
-5.241
5.375
-5.375
(3)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeSum MSN
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
33.89 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.729 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
+67.4
-2344.6 sc
-68382.70
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3990
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.8199 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
3.1149
9.2257
7.5071
3.9616
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
33.76 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39.304 kgf/cm2
( 4E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+66.95 sc^2
-2397.3 sc
-69919.91
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.4026
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.9718 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.4633
8.9959
3.6861
2.2152
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
27.38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.762 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+70.45 sc^2
-1988.8 sc
-58005.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3734
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.7003 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5293
9.2257
3.8009
2.2822
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
27.42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 35.359 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
+70
-2041.5 sc
-59542.56
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3774
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.8482 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
6.8199
2
6.9718
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
4.8482 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
33.53 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.350 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
sc
+70.76
-1952.6
-56951.65
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3706
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.5151 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5995
7.7857
5.2956
3.4973
tfm
tf
tf
tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
33.39 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.950 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+70.31 sc^2
-2005.3 sc
-58488.85
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3747
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.6627 cm2
31/ 41
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.0477
7.5559
3.2979
1.8537
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
27.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.914 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+73.29 sc^2
-1657.5 sc
-48343.89
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3464
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.7812 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.1138
7.7857
3.4128
1.9206
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
27.15 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.538 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.84 sc^2
-1710.2 sc
-49881.10
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3509
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.9250 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
3) At Joint "B"of top slab
Case.1
M=
2.5334
N=
5.1807
S0=
7.5559
S2d=
4.4022
1
5.5151
2
5.6627
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
4
3.9250 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
48.90 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 32.854 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.88 sc^2
-1822.7 sc
-53163.05
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3603
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.4454 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5995
5.2956
7.7857
4.5360
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
49.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.391 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.48 sc^2
-1869.2 sc
-54517.01
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3640
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.6367 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.0477
3.2979
7.5559
4.4022
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
62.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.090 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+75.29 sc^2
-1424.6 sc
-41552.07
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3250
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.4700 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.1138
3.4128
7.7857
4.5360
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
61.94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.662 kgf/cm2
( 0.0003 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+74.89 sc^2
-1471.1 sc
-42906.03
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3295
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.6565 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
6.4454
2
6.6367
4
5.6565 (cm2)
32/ 41
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
41.24 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 37.763 kgf/cm2
( 6E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+68.16 sc^2
-2256.9 sc
-65824.69
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3930
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
7.4396 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
3.1149
7.5071
9.2257
5.3750
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
41.49 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.275 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+67.76 sc^2
-2303.3 sc
-67178.65
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3962
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
7.6354 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.4633
3.6861
8.9959
5.2411
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
66.83 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.398 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.94 sc^2
-1698.4 sc
-49535.81
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3499
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.7842 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5293
3.8009
9.2257
5.3750
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
66.55 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.945 kgf/cm2
( 3E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.54 sc^2
-1744.8 sc
-50889.77
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3539
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.9741 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
7.4396
2
7.6354
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
6.9741 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
9.97 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =21.9840 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
+79.3
-956.98 sc
-27912.01
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2737
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0.8278 tfm
8.5299 tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
9.70 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.158 kgf/cm2
(
0.0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+79.19 sc^2
-969.48 sc
-28276.46
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2753
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
33/ 41
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.2426 tfm
8.2401 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
2.94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.634 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+82.37 sc^2
-598.07 sc
-17443.75
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2219
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.2428 tfm
8.4710 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
2.87 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.839 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+82.26 sc^2
-610.8 sc
-17814.87
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2240
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
0.0000
inside
2
0.0000
inside
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
outside
(cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
34.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 27.583 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+75.64 sc^2
-1383.9 sc
-40363.64
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3210
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.8899 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
1.8773 tfm
5.2956 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
35.45 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.160 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+75.24 sc^2
-1430.3 sc
-41717.60
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3256
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.0759 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
2.2969 tfm
3.2979 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
69.65 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 29.939 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+73.99 sc^2
-1576.1 sc
-45968.17
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3392
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.3478 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
2.3630 tfm
3.4128 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
69.24 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.496 kgf/cm2
( 2E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+73.59 sc^2
-1622.5 sc
-47322.13
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3433
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
6.5363 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
3.8899
inside
2
4.0759
inside
4
6.5363 (cm2)
inside
34/ 41
7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M=
2.1238 tfm
N=
7.3922 tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
28.73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =31.3560 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.97 sc^2
-1694.8 sc
-49431.39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3496
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.1161 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
2.1899 tfm
7.5071 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
29.17 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.902 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.58 sc^2
-1741.2 sc
-50785.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3535
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.3051 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
2.7094 tfm
3.6861 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
73.50 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.146 kgf/cm2
( 5E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.66 sc^2
-1847.9 sc
-53897.22
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3623
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
7.6614 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
2.7754 tfm
3.8009 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
30
24
6
9.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
73.02 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.682 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.26 sc^2
-1894.3 sc
-55251.19
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3660
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
7.8531 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
4.1161
inside
2
4.3051
inside
4
7.8531 (cm2)
inside
35/ 41
Invert
middle
inside
7)
7.853 (cm2)
Bending moment
M
Shearing force (joint)
S
Shearing force (2d)
S2d
Axial force
N
Height of member
h
Covering depth
d'
Effective height
d
Effective width
b
Effective area
bd
Young's modulus ratio n
Required R-bar
Asreq
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
kgf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
-
6.97
cm2
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
M/N
Dist. from neutral axis
bottom
outside
311,488
7,507
3,962
9,226
30
6
24
100
2400
24
16@250
As
U
e
c
a'
b'
cm2
cm
cm
c'
x
(check)
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
sc kgf/cm2
sca kgf/cm2
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
ss
ssa
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
t
ta
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at 2d
Allowable stress
t2d kgf/cm2
t2da kgf/cm2
Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
ss for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
sc for Mrs
Mr
Mrc
Mrs
kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
Invert
end
middle
outside
inside
311,488
277,544
9,226
0
5,375
7,507
3,801
30
30
6
6
24
24
100
100
2400
2400
24
24
5.66
6.64
6.54
7.64
7.85
16@250
16@250
16@250
16@250
12@125
8.04
20.11
33.763
9.00
56.3
495.1
-11882.3
10.16
0.000
ok
4.52
15.08
9.974
9.00
-15.1
123.5
-2963.9
17.62
0.000
ok
8.04
20.11
33.388
9.00
55.2
490.8
-11778.0
10.19
0.000
ok
8.04
20.11
49.088
9.00
102.3
672.5
-16140.4
9.38
0.000
ok
8.04
20.11
69.239
9.00
162.7
905.8
-21739.8
8.92
0.000
ok
8.04
20.11
41.492
9.00
79.5
584.6
-14030.0
9.69
0.000
ok
9.05
30.16
73.020
9.00
174.1
1068.9
-25653.1
9.27
0.000
ok
37.7
60.0
ok
1232.9
1400.0
ok
3.13
11.00
ok
1.65
5.50
ok
9.9
60.0
ok
85.7
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
31.5
60.0
ok
1023.7
1400.0
ok
2.21
11.00
ok
1.46
5.50
ok
31.4
60.0
ok
1174.4
1400.0
ok
3.24
11.00
ok
1.89
5.50
ok
28.5
60.0
ok
1155.0
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
37.7
60.0
ok
1336.1
1400.0
ok
3.84
11.00
ok
2.24
5.50
ok
32.2
60.0
ok
1227.4
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
496,869
496,869
9.240
2300.3
577,461
12.982
68.7
362,613
410,229
7.521
3155.3
362,613
10.971
49.1
497,615
497,615
9.013
2394.6
532,234
12.517
63.6
459,243
499,428
8.634
2562.9
459,243
11.670
55.2
408,023
501,254
8.359
2694.5
408,023
10.986
49.2
497,785
497,785
8.969
2413.1
523,749
12.426
62.6
469,708
521,262
8.787
2492.9
469,708
11.642
55.0
As min =
36/41
4.5 cm2
(5)159577285.xlsx.ms_officeR-bar stress
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0.300
h1 =
0.300
Bb =
2.600
m
m
m
2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab :
As1 (cm2)
:
2
As2 (cm )
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 125
Lapangan
O 12 @ 125
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
2.000
2.000
2.600
m
m
m
h3 =
Fillet =
0.300
m
0.15 m
0.06 m
Side wall :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 250
Lapangan
O 12 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
Top slab :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Lapangan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
:
:
Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0.300
h1 =
0.300
Bb =
2.300
m
m
m
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
2.000
2.000
2.300
m
m
m
h3 =
0.300
2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left)
Case 1
Case 2
Ma
-3.049
-2.463
Mmax
0.828
-0.243
Mb
-2.533
-2.048
Sa
7.392
3.686
Sb
-5.181
-3.298
Na
8.996
8.996
Nb
7.556
7.556
Mc
-2.533
-2.048
Mmax
0.828
-0.243
Md
-3.049
-2.463
Sd
-7.392
-3.686
Sc
5.181
3.298
Nd
8.996
8.996
Nc
7.556
7.556
Top slab
Case 1
Case 2
Mb
-2.533
-2.048
Mmax
1.811
2.297
Mc
-2.533
-2.048
Sb
7.556
7.556
Sc
-7.556
-7.556
Nb
5.181
3.298
Nc
5.181
3.298
Bottom slab
Case 1
Case 2
Ma
-3.049
-2.463
Mmax
2.124
2.709
Md
-3.049
-2.463
Sa
-8.996
-8.996
Sd
8.996
8.996
Na
7.392
3.686
Nd
7.392
3.686
3. Nama Bangunan
Lokasi
Case 1
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =
x
1.111
1.189
:
:
Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project
x1
-1.24
-1.24
x2
-0.02
-0.02
x3
0.65
0.65
x4
0.82
0.82
x5
0.54
0.54
x6
-0.14
-0.14
x7
-1.18
-1.18
Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =
1.15
1.15
y1
-0.63
-0.79
y2
0.73
0.83
y3
1.54
1.80
y4
1.81
2.12
y5
1.54
1.80
y6
0.73
0.83
y7
-0.63
-0.79
Ha =
2.300
0.288
0.575
0.863
1.150
1.438
1.725
2.013
Bb =
2.300
0.288
0.575
0.863
1.150
0.863
0.575
0.288
Sab
x
2.300
x1
5.24
x2
3.26
x3
1.44
x4
-0.22
x5
-1.71
x6
-3.03
x7
-4.19
x
1.111
1.189
1.15
1.15
x1
-1.53
-1.53
y1
-0.15
-0.20
x2
-0.85
-0.85
y2
1.21
1.42
x3
-0.42
-0.42
y3
2.03
2.39
x4
-0.25
-0.25
y4
2.30
2.71
x5
-0.32
-0.32
y5
2.03
2.39
x6
-0.65
-0.65
y6
1.21
1.42
x7
-1.22
-1.22
y7
-0.15
-0.20
Ha =
2.300
0.288
0.575
0.863
1.150
1.438
1.725
2.013
Bb =
2.300
0.288
0.575
0.863
1.150
0.863
0.575
0.288
Sab
x
2.300
x1
2.80
x2
1.92
x3
1.05
x4
0.17
x5
-0.70
x6
-1.57
x7
-2.43
Case 2
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =
Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =
MAB
-3.049
-2.463
MBA
2.533
2.048
MCD
-2.533
-2.048
MDC
3.049
2.463
MBC
-2.533
-2.048
MCB
2.533
2.048
MAD
3.049
2.463
MDA
-3.049
-2.463
q1
7.766
3.166
q2
3.166
7.766
q1
6.570
7.823
q1
3.071
3.001
q1
6.570
7.823
q2
3.001
3.071