SECTION 15940 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 A. B. 1.2 A. 1.3 A.

SUMMARY This Section includes control sequences for HVAC systems, subsystems, and equipment. See Division 15 Section 15900 "HVAC Instrumentation and Controls" for control equipment and devices and submittal requirements. SUBMITTALS Shop Drawings: Written descriptions and diagrams of operational sequences. PRIMARY HEATING-WATER SEQUENCES SUPPLY TEMPERATURE-CONTROL

Heating-Water Supply Temperature Control: Thermostat modulates control valve to maintain heating-water supply temperature. Reset heating-water supply temperature according to outside temperature. 1. Reset Schedule: Control heating-water supply temperature in straight-line relationship for the following conditions:
a. b. 2.

195 deg F heating water when outside temperature is minus 30 deg F. 130 deg F heating water when outside temperature is 75 deg F.

3.

Control of Primary Circulating Pump(s): Energize pump(s) at outside temperatures below 65 deg F. Operator Workstation: Display the following data: a. b. c. d. e. Outside temperature. Heating-water supply temperature. Heating-water supply temperature set point. Operating status of primary circulating pump(s). Control-valve position.

1.4 A.

CENTRAL REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT SEQUENCES Operate chillers on lead-lag, alternating each startup. [ Time clock] [System] starts and stops condenser-water pump. Signal alarm if unit fails to start as

Section 15490 Page 2 Sequence of Operation

commanded. Allow condenser-water pump to start when the following conditions are met: 1.
2.

3. B. C. D. E.

[Immersion thermostat] [System] proves water is in cooling tower sump. [Space thermostat] [System] detects outside temperature is above 50 deg F. System indicates cooling demand from ventilation system.

Chilled-Water Pump: Energize when condenser-water pump is started. Cooling Tower: Energize fans when condenser-water pump is started. Refrigeration Machine: Flow switches shall prove chilled- and condenser-water flow before allowing refrigeration machine to start. Condenser Water: Maintain condenser-water supply temperature by modulating tower bypass valve and cycling cooling tower fans.
1. 2.

3. F.

Operate bypass valve to maintain 65 deg F sump temperature. Operate cooling tower fans to maintain 70 deg F sump temperature. Close valve when unoccupied.

Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. System graphic. Condenser-water pump on-off indication. Chilled-water pump on-off switch. Chiller on-off indication. Chiller condenser-water supply and return temperature. Chiller chilled-water supply and return temperature. Chiller condenser-water control-point adjustment. Common chilled-water control-point adjustment. Low-level cooling tower sump alarm. Expansion tank low-level alarm. Cooling tower fan on-off indication. Cooling tower sump heater on-off indication. Cooling tower dump indication. Chilled-water control-point adjustment. System capacity in tons.

1.5 A.

PRIMARY CHILLED-WATER TEMPERATURE-CONTROL SEQUENCES Control of Primary Chilled- and Condenser-Water Circulating Pumps: [ Time clock] [System] starts pumps and proves flow through chiller before [ allowing chiller to start] [starting chiller].

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B.

Chilled-Water Supply Temperature Control: [Integral chiller controls] [System] maintain constant leaving chilled-water temperature. System resets chilled-water supply temperature according to highest cooling demand. 1. Adding and Dropping Chillers on Line: parameters.> < Insert sequence and

C.

Condenser-Water Temperature Control: valve and cycles fans. 1.

[ Thermostat] [System] modulates

Sequence: As condenser-water temperature rises, modulate control valve open to cooling tower and closed to bypass, cycle tower fans on to low speed and then to high speed.

D.

Operator Workstation: Display the following data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Outside temperature. Chillers on-off status. Entering chilled-water temperature. Entering chilled-water temperature set point. Leaving chilled-water temperature. Chilled-water pressure drop through chiller. Entering condenser-water temperature. Leaving condenser-water temperature. Leaving condenser-water temperature set point. Condenser-water control-valve position. Condenser-water pressure drop through chiller. Location of primary chilled-water pump(s). Operating status of primary chilled-water pump(s).

1.6 A.

SINGLE-ZONE, SINGLE-DUCT, CONSTANT-VOLUME, AIR-HANDLING UNIT CONTROL SEQUENCES Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously during occupied periods. [Room thermostat] [System] cycles fan during unoccupied periods. 1. Signal alarm if fan fails to start as commanded.

B.

Freeze Protection: Duct-mounted thermostat, located before supply fan, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes outside-air dampers when temperature falls below 37 deg F. High-Temperature Protection: Duct-mounted thermostat, located in return air, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes outside-air dampers when temperature rises above 300 deg F.

C.

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D.

Smoke Control: Smoke detector, located in [ return] [supply] air, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes smoke dampers when products of combustion are detected in airstream. Preheat Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ duct-mounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve and cycles coil circulating pump to maintain supply-air temperature. Run circulating pump continuously when outside temperature falls below 35 deg F. Duct thermostat on discharge side of preheat coil stops fan when temperature falls below 33 deg F. Mixed-Air Control: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ supply-air thermostat] [system] modulates outside-air, return-air, and relief-air dampers to maintain [discharge-] [supply-]air temperature. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. During occupied periods, when fan is running, open [ minimum outsideair dampers] [outside-air dampers to minimum position]. During heating sequence, set outside-air dampers to minimum position. When outside-air temperature exceeds return-air temperature, set outsideair dampers to minimum position. When outside-air enthalpy exceeds return-air enthalpy, set outside-air dampers to minimum position. During unoccupied periods, position outside-air and relief-air dampers closed and return-air dampers open.

E.

F.

G.

Humidifier: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ room humidistat] [return-air, duct-mounted humidistat ] [system] [enables humidifier] [modulates control valve to maintain humidity ] [cycles pump to maintain humidity] [cycles pump and modulates control valve to maintain humidity]. 1. Reset Schedule: Control relative humidity in straight-line relationship for the following conditions:
a. b.

20 percent when outside temperature is minus 30 deg F. 40 percent when outside temperature is 75 deg F.

H. I.

Filters: During occupied periods, when fan is running, differential air-pressure transmitter signals alarm when low- and high-pressure conditions exist. Hydronic Heating Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ ductmounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature. 1. 2. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from return-air temperature. During unoccupied periods, when fan is off, return valve to [ open] [closed] position.

Section 15490 Page 5 Sequence of Operation

3. J.

During unoccupied periods, when fan is on, [ enable normal control] [return valve to open position] [return valve to closed position].

Hydronic Cooling Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ ductmounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature. 1. 2. 3. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from return-air temperature. During unoccupied periods, when fan is off, return valve to [ open] [closed] position. During unoccupied periods, when fan is on, [ enable normal control] [return valve to open position] [return valve to closed position].

K.

Hydronic Cooling Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ ductmounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature. 1. 2. 3. System resets supply-air temperature in response to greatest cooling demand. During unoccupied periods, when fan is off, return valve to [ open] [closed] position. During unoccupied periods, when fan is on, [ enable normal control] [return valve to open position] [return valve to closed position].

L.

Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. System graphic. System on-off indication. System occupied/unoccupied mode. System fan on-off indication. Outside-air-temperature indication. Relative humidity indication. Relative humidity set point. Relative humidity control-valve position. Preheat-coil air-temperature indication. Preheat-coil air-temperature set point. Preheat-coil pump operation indication. Preheat-coil control-valve position. Mixed-air-temperature indication. Mixed-air-temperature set point. Mixed-air damper position. Filter air-pressure-drop indication. Filter low-air-pressure set point. Filter high-air-pressure set point. Heating-coil air-temperature indication.

Section 15490 Page 6 Sequence of Operation

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 1.7 A.

Heating-coil air-temperature set point. Heating-coil pump operation indication. Heating-coil control-valve position. Fan-discharge air-temperature indication. Fan-discharge air-temperature set point. Cooling-coil control-valve position.

SINGLE-ZONE, SINGLE-DUCT, VAV, AIR-HANDLING UNIT CONTROL SEQUENCES Supply-Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously during occupied periods. Modulate [ inlet guide vanes] [variable-speed fan drive] to maintain supply duct static pressure. 1. 2. 3. 4. Signal alarm if fan fails to start as commanded. Static-pressure controller located in fan discharge stops fan and signals alarm when static pressure rises above excessive-static-pressure set point. Set inlet guide vanes to [minimum] [closed] position when fan is stopped. Set variable-speed drive to minimum speed when fan is stopped.

B.

Return-Air Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously during occupied periods. [Controller] [System] modulates return-air fan [inlet guide vanes] [variable-speed fan drive] to [maintain duct static pressure ] [match supply-fan airflow]. [Reference static pressure to the outside. ] Freeze Protection: Duct-mounted thermostat, located before supply fan, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes outside-air dampers when temperature falls below 37 deg F. High-Temperature Protection: Duct-mounted thermostat, located in return air, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes outside-air dampers when temperature rises above 300 deg F. Smoke Control: Smoke detector, located in [ return] [supply] air, signals alarm, stops fan, and closes smoke dampers when products of combustion are detected in airstream. Preheat Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ duct-mounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve and cycles coil circulating pump to maintain supply-air temperature. Run circulating pump continuously when outside temperature falls below 35 deg F. Duct thermostat on discharge side of preheat coil stops fan when temperature falls below 33 deg F. Mixed-Air Control: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ supply-air thermostat] [system] modulates outside-air, return-air, and relief-air dampers to maintain [discharge-] [supply-]air temperature.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

Section 15490 Page 7 Sequence of Operation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H.

During occupied periods, when fan is running, open [ minimum outsideair dampers] [outside-air dampers to minimum position]. During heating sequence, set outside-air dampers to minimum position. When outside-air temperature exceeds return-air temperature, set outsideair dampers to minimum position. When outside-air enthalpy exceeds return-air enthalpy, set outside-air dampers to minimum position. During unoccupied periods, position outside-air and relief-air dampers closed and return-air dampers open.

Humidifier: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ room humidistat] [return-air, duct-mounted humidistat ] [system] [enables humidifier] [modulates control valve to maintain humidity ] [cycles pump to maintain humidity] [cycles pump and modulates control valve to maintain humidity]. 1. Reset Schedule: Control relative humidity in straight-line relationship for the following conditions:
a. b.

20 percent when outside temperature is minus 30 deg F. 40 percent when outside temperature is 75 deg F.

I. J.

Filters: During occupied periods, when fan is running, differential air-pressure transmitter signals alarm when low- and high-pressure conditions exist. Hydronic Heating Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ ductmounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature. 1. 2. 3. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from return-air temperature. During unoccupied periods, when fan is off, return valve to [ open] [closed] position. During unoccupied periods, when fan is on, [ enable normal control] [return valve to open position] [return valve to closed position].

K.

Hydronic Cooling Coil: During occupied periods, when fan is running, [ ductmounted thermostat] [system] modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature. 1. 2. 3. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from return-air temperature. During unoccupied periods, when fan is off, return valve to [ open] [closed] position. During unoccupied periods, when fan is on, [ enable normal control] [return valve to open position] [return valve to closed position].

Section 15490 Page 8 Sequence of Operation

L.

Coordination of Air-Handling Unit Sequences: Ensure that preheat, mixed-air, heating-coil, and cooling-coil controls have common inputs and do not overlap in function. Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. System graphic. System on-off indication. System occupied/unoccupied mode. System fan on-off indication. Return fan on-off indication. Outside-air-temperature indication. Relative humidity indication. Relative humidity set point. Relative humidity control-valve position. Preheat-coil air-temperature indication. Preheat-coil air-temperature set point. Preheat-coil pump operation indication. Preheat-coil control-valve position. Mixed-air-temperature indication. Mixed-air-temperature set point. Mixed-air damper position. Filter air-pressure-drop indication. Filter low-air-pressure set point. Filter high-air-pressure set point. Heating-coil air-temperature indication. Heating-coil air-temperature set point. Heating-coil pump operation indication. Heating-coil control-valve position. Supply-fan-discharge air-temperature indication. Supply-fan-discharge air-temperature set point. Cooling-coil control-valve position. Supply-fan-discharge static-pressure indication. Supply-fan-discharge static-pressure set point. Supply-fan airflow rate. Supply-fan [inlet vane position] [speed]. Return-air static-pressure indication. Return-air static-pressure set point. Return-fan airflow rate. Return-fan [inlet vane position] [speed]. Building static-pressure indication. Building static-pressure set point.

M.

1.8 A.

TERMINAL UNIT OPERATING SEQUENCE Cabinet Unit Heater, Hydronic: Room thermostat cycles fan.

Section 15490 Page 9 Sequence of Operation

1. B. C.

Pipe-mounted thermostat stops fan when [ return heating-water] [condensate] space temperature falls below set point. Room thermostat cycles fan and sequences

Cabinet Unit Heater, Electric: stages of heating.

Unit Heater, Hydronic: Room thermostat cycles fan. 1. Pipe-mounted thermostat stops fan when [ return heating-water] [condensate] space temperature falls below set point.

D. E.

Unit Heater, Electric: Room thermostat cycles fan and sequences stages of heating. Combustion-Air Unit Heaters: Room thermostat [ cycles] [modulates] control valve to maintain space temperature. 1. Freeze Protection: Stop fan and signal alarm when heating-coil returnwater temperature falls below set point.

F. G. H. I.

Radiant Heating Cable, Electric: Room thermostat cycles power. Radiant Heating Panel, Electric: Room thermostat cycles power. Radiant Heating Panel, Hydronic: control valve. Room thermostat [ cycles] [modulates] [ Room] [Return-air] thermostat

Two-Pipe, Single-Coil Fan Coil Unit: modulates control valve. 1. 2.

[Thermostat] [Supply-water aquastat] reverses the control-valve action to switch from heating to cooling. [Fan switch] [Time clock] [System] starts and stops fan.

J.

Four-Pipe, Single-Coil Fan Coil Unit: Room thermostat controls inlet and outlet three-way control valves as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. When thermostat calls for heating, the chilled-water supply and return circuits are closed, the heating-water return port is open, and the heatingwater supply port is modulated to maintain space temperature. When thermostat calls for cooling, the heating-water supply and return circuits are closed, the chilled-water return port is open, and the chilledwater supply port is modulated to maintain space temperature. Both supply ports are closed in the dead band between heating and cooling operations. [Fan switch] [Time clock] [System] starts and stops fan.

Section 15490 Page 10 Sequence of Operation

K.

Four-Pipe, Split-Coil, Hydronic Fan Coil Unit: Room thermostat controls both heating and cooling three-way control valves as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. When thermostat calls for heating, the chilled-water supply circuit is closed and the heating-water supply is modulated to maintain space temperature. When thermostat calls for cooling, the heating-water supply circuit is closed and the chilled-water supply is modulated to maintain space temperature. Both supply ports are closed in the dead band between heating and cooling operations. [Fan switch] [Time clock] [System] starts and stops fan.

L.

Unit Ventilator: Room thermostat modulates heating and cooling control valves; airstream thermostats modulate outside-air and return-air dampers as follows: 1. 2. Warm-up Cycle: Open heating-water supply control valve, close outsideair dampers, and open return-air damper. Damper Operations: Move outside-air and return-air dampers to [minimum] [maximum] outside-air position. Room thermostat modulates outside-air and return-air dampers. Airstream thermostat overrides room thermostat to control valves and dampers to prevent discharge air from dropping below a minimum set point. Room thermostat modulates heating-water supply control valve and chilled-water supply control valve in sequence. With continued rise in space temperature, room thermostat modulates outside-air and return-air dampers to minimum outside-air position. [Fan switch] [Time clock] [System] starts and stops fan.

3.

4. M. N. O. P. Q.

Heating Coils, Hydronic: Room thermostat [cycles] [modulates] control valve. Heating Coils, Electric: Room thermostat [ cycles coils] [sequences stages of heating]. Radiators and Convectors, Hydronic: Room thermostat [ cycles] [modulates] control valve. Radiators and Convectors, Electric: [sequences stages of heating]. Room thermostat [ cycles coils]

Radiators and Convectors: System [ cycles] [modulates] control valve. Room sensor reports temperature. Occupancy sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point. 1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data: a. b. c. Room/area served. Room temperature. Room temperature set point, occupied.

Section 15490 Page 11 Sequence of Operation

d. e. f. R.

Room temperature set point, occupied standby. Room temperature set point, unoccupied. Control-valve position as percent open.

Constant-Volume, Terminal Air Units, Hydronic: [ System] [Room thermostat] [cycles] [modulates] control valve. [Room sensor reports temperature.] [Occupancy sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.] 1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data: a. b. c. d. e. Room/area served. Room temperature. Room temperature set point, occupied. Room temperature set point, unoccupied. Control-valve position as percent open.

S.

Constant-Volume, Terminal Air Units, Electric: [ System] [Room thermostat] sequences stages of heating. [ Room sensor reports temperature.] [Occupancy sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.] 1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data: a. b. c. d. e. f. Room/area served. Room temperature. Room temperature set point, occupied. Room temperature set point, unoccupied. Number of stages of electric heat. Number of stages of electric heat operating.

T.

VAV, Terminal Air Units with Hydronic Coils: [ System] [Room thermostat] modulates VAV damper and coil control valve. [ Room sensor reports temperature.] [Occupancy sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.] 1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Room/area served. Room occupied/unoccupied. Room temperature. Room temperature set point, occupied. Room temperature set point, occupied standby. Room temperature set point, unoccupied. Air-damper position as percent open. Control-valve position as percent open.

Section 15490 Page 12 Sequence of Operation

U.

Dual-Duct, VAV, Terminal Air Units: [ System] [Room thermostat] modulates VAV damper and dual-duct damper.[ Room sensor reports temperature.] 1. 2. 3. Sequence When Space Temperature Is below Set Point: Close VAV damper, open hot-deck dampers and close cold-deck dampers, then open VAV damper. Sequence When Space Temperature Is above Set Point: Close VAV damper, close hot-deck dampers and open cold-deck dampers, then open VAV damper. [Occupancy sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.] [Occupancy sensor switches set point from occupied setting to unoccupied setting. ]

1.9 A. B. C. D. E.

VENTILATION SEQUENCES Combustion-Air, Makeup Unit Control, Electric: Start fan when served appliance burner starts; room thermostat sequences stages of heating. Combustion-Air, Makeup Unit Control, Hydronic: Start fan when served appliance burner starts; room thermostat [ cycles] [modulates] control valve. Gravity Roof Ventilator: dampers. [Occupancy sensor] [Room thermostat] opens

Exhaust Fan: [Occupancy sensor] [Room thermostat] cycles fan. Kitchen Exhaust Fan: Occupancy sensor starts fan and energizes makeup air unit.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (Not Applicable) PART 3 - EXECUTION (Not Applicable) END OF SECTION 15940