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Ethylbutanoate
O O
Methional
VOCs
3-Methylindole (skatole)
2-Methoxyphenol (Guaicaol)
O
2-Phenylethanol OH
HO
N H
Ethylbutanoate
O O
Fruity, apple
Sweaty
S
Boiled potato
VOCs
(60)
2-Methoxyphenol (Guaicaol)
O
2-Phenylethanol OH
3-Methylindole (skatole)
HO
Faecal
Malodour on Laundry
What are the key malodour compounds? On laundry In the washing machine
Overview of experimental
Direct olfactive analysis Microbiological tests Swabs of surfaces within machines Consumer washing machines DHS-GC-O/MS Fabrics washed in machines
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Microbiological tests
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Overview of experimental
Direct olfactive analysis Microbiological tests Swabs of surfaces within machines Consumer washing machines DHS-GC-O/MS Fabrics washed in machines
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Microbiological tests
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Machine
Definition
Brand new washing machine Used Washing Machine Consumer washing machine (Consumer 1) Consumer washing machine (Consumer 2)
Malodour?
No No Yes (Grade 8)
Cycle chosen
Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen, 52 mins Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen, 39 mins Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen (with wash plus), 50 mins
1 2 3
Yes (Grade 6)
Machine
Definition
Brand new washing machine Used Washing Machine Consumer washing machine (Consumer 1) Consumer washing machine (Consumer 2)
Malodour?
No No Yes (Grade 8)
Cycle chosen
Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen, 52 mins Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen, 39 mins Cold wash, 800rpm, Woollen (with wash plus), 50 mins
1 2 3
Yes (Grade 6)
Olfactive Grade
Drawer
Machine 1
0
Machine 2
0
Machine 3
4
Machine 4
2
0 0
0
1 2
0
8 8
4
6 6
3
Machine 1
0 51 440
Machine 2
0 43 6.2
Machine 3
39.9
Machine 4
<0.05
620
750
256
475
Olfactive Grade
Drawer
Machine 1
0
Machine 2
0
Machine 3
4
Machine 4
2
0 0
0
1 2
0
8 8
4
6 6
3
Machine 1
0 51 440
Machine 2
0 43 6.2
Machine 3
39.9
Machine 4
<0.05
620
750
256
475
Olfactive Grade
Drawer
Machine 1
0
Machine 2
0
Machine 3
4
Machine 4
2
0 0
0
1 2
0
8 8
4
6 6
3
Overview of experimental
Direct olfactive analysis Microbiological tests Swabs of surfaces within machines Consumer washing machines DHS-GC-O/MS Fabrics washed in machines
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Microbiological tests
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (hours)
14
22 28
cheese, sulphur
burnt, fatty, long-lasting sweet, floral, slightly burnt
dimethyl trisulphide
nonanal decanal
* Known perfume components (e.g. Eucalyptol) and surfactants (at long retention times) were also detected
Overview of experimental
Direct olfactive analysis Microbiological tests Swabs of surfaces within machines Consumer washing machines DHS-GC-O/MS Fabrics washed in machines
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
Microbiological tests
HS-SPME-GC-O/MS
and
MALDI-TOF-MS
HS-SPME-GC-MS identification of VOCs from bacteria from washing machines and fabrics
10 VOCs commonly identified from bacteria from washing machines and fabrics (fleece and Terrytowel).
Dimethyl disulphide; 3-methyl-1-butanol; 2,4dithiapentane; dimethyl trisulphide; 2-tridecanone; indole; 2-phenylethanol; isovaleric acid; isobutryric acid; and, 1-undecene.
Peak identifications: (1) dimethyl disulphide; (2) siloxane; (3) 2,4-dithiapentane; (4) siloxane; (5) dimethyl trisulphide; (6) unknown; (7) 2-nonanone; (8) 2-undecanone; (9) isovaleric acid
NOTE: Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacteria found in marine environments; it has a rotting fish smell.
Conclusions
Evidence obtained that points to a possible link that contamination of fabrics occurs from washing machines.
Based on the identification of the same bacteria in WM rubber seal and on fabrics. Potential VOC markers for both high levels of bacteria and malodour in washing machines are dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide.
The MCC comprises a stainless steel tube, 20 cm x 3 mm ID, containing approximately 1200 parallel capillary tubes, 40 m ID, coated with 0.2 m film thickness of stationary phase.
Stationary phases: Carbowax 20M (polyethylene glycol) and OV-5 (5% - diphenyl, 95% - dimethylpolysiloxane)
http://www.mcc-chrom.com/
Driftgas inlet
BN-Shutter
Outlet
Driftgas inlet
Outlet
BN-Shutter
+
+ + Outlet BN-Shutter +
+ + + +
Signal
Drift time / ms
N2
N2+ + (H2O)m H+(H2O)m-1
[XH+(H2O)m-3
X + XH3O+(H2O)m-4
XH3O+(H2O)m-4]
X2H+(H2O)m-5 + H2O
[X2H+(H2O)m-5
X + X2H3O+(H2O)m-6
X2H3O+(H2O)m-6]
X3H+(H2O)m-7 + H2O
[X3H+(H2O)m-7 etc]
4-methylvaleric acid
350
300
250
dimethyl trisulfide
200
150
100
50
0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Conclusions: GC-IMS
Potential for rapid screening of VOCs in samples. Potential to detect small S-, N-containing VOCs.
Further work required on authentic samples
Acknowledgements