Electro-magnetic Analysis for 750kV Double Circuit Compact Transmission System When Applying Controllable Shunt Reactor

Zheng Bin, Ban Liangeng, Song Ruihua, Xiang Zutao

China Electric Power Research Institute CEPRI Beijing, China zhengbin@epri.sgcc.com.cn
AbstractPresently, CSR has not been applied into 750kV power grid through the worldwide. Based on a planning 750kV double circuit compact transmission project in China, this paper researches some electromagnetic issues such as power frequency overvoltage, secondary-arc current and recovery voltage, and load rejection switching surge characteristics of this system when applying controllable shunt reactors (CSR for short) by EMTP program. Aiming at suppressing the electromagnetic issues below the relevant standards, a kind of operating control strategy for 750kV CSR is put forward in this paper. Thereby, it makes CSR to be able to settle the contradiction between suppressing overvoltage level and improving reactive power equivalence performance effectively, which is helpful to enhance system stability and operation economical efficiency. Because of the merits, CSR has good foreground in EHV and UHV power grid in and abroad. Keywords-CSR;750kV;Double circuit compact transimission system; Electromagnetic transient; Operation control strategy

of the technique types, the former is thyristor control shunt reactor (TCSR for short), the latter is Magnetically Controlled Reactor (MCR for short). Comparing with the fixed shunt reactors (FSR for short), the electromagnetic characteristics such as overvoltages, secondary-arc current and recovery voltages of the system applying CSR are different. The operation control strategy can cause influence to the suppression of above electromagnetic issues. For the moment, CSR has not been used into 750kV power grid through the worldwide. Taking a planning 750kV double circuit compact transmission project for example, this paper researches the electromagnetic issues when using CSR and brings forward the operation control strategy. The progeny of this paper is good for boosting the application of CSR into extra-high and ultra-high voltage power grid. II. SURVEY OF THE SAMPLE 750KV TRANSMISSION PROJECT AND CSR

I.

INTRODUCTION

Recently, 750kV power grids of northwest China are developing very fast and many long transmission corridors will be constructed in several years. Because of large capacitive reactive power from transmission lines, it is difficult to coordinate the issues among reactive power balance, voltage control and overvoltages level. If compact transmission technique is adopted, this matter will be more prominent [1]. In addition, there will be much wind power at the sending side and the power fluctuation will be frequent, so dynamic reactive power compensating devices are indispensable. Furnishing 750kV controllable shunt reactor is one of the effective countermeasures for the question [2]. Controllable high voltage shunt reactor (CSR for short) can effectively settle the contradiction between overvoltages suppression and reactive power compensation of long overloading transmission lines. At present, many researches and real projects have been carried out in and abroad, which have brought good economic benefits [3] [4][5][6][7]. CSR has been applied to the highest voltage of 500kV grade so far. Two 500kV CSR have been on stream in domestic extra-high voltage grid, with one at Xindu 500kV switching station, the other at Jiangling 500kV Current-converting station. In terms

In the sample 750kV transmission project, 840km new double circuit compact transmission lines will be constructed. Four groups of 750kV CSR will be furnished at both sides of the double-circuit lines. The capacity of the CSR is 270Mvar and its neural point reactor is chosen to be 1200 by the principal of full compensation under the total capacity if the CSR [2][12]. Fig.1 shows out the Simplified equivalent scheme and the setting spots of CSR are marked on it.

Figure 1. Simplified equivalent scheme of 750kV transmission system mentioned in this paper

978-1-4244-4813-5/10/$25.00 2010 IEEE

III.

PRINCIPLE OF THE 750KV CSR IN THIS PROJECT

The CSR of TCSR type is adopted in the mentioned project, being the two winding type. Its equivalent scheme is shown in Fig.2. The capacity of the CSR is divided into 6 stages. It is carried out in the following way. The transformer impedance of TCSR is designed according to 100% rated capacity, and 5 reactors are connected in series at the secondary winding. The reactors at the secondary winding can be switched-into or be passed by through thyristor and circuit breakers (CB for short). The impedance can be changed in this way and the capacity of the CSR can be adjusted into various grades. Comparing with MCR, TCSR occupies the advantages including simple structure, fast response speed, small harmonic current and power loss[8][9][10][11]. Combining with Figure 2, Table I lists the 6 stages output capacity of the 270Mvar CSR-90Mvar per phase-of Jiuquan to Jinchang 750kV transmission lines. sa0~sa4 presents the thyristor and circuit breakers at the secondary winding side.
A B C

For no-fault load rejection (NFLR for short), CSR can enable the adjustment to the maximum capacity according to the signal reflecting the variation of line current or the opening status of CB to restrict the opening switching overvoltages. The former signal need the less time and can be shorter than 30ms, which is still longer than the occurring time of the max overvoltages yet. It means CSR capacity adjustment operation is ineffective. However, for the single phase ground fault load rejection (SPGFLR for short), CSR can start to regulate its output capacity corresponding to the linkage signal from the line protection devices. 40ms is enough for completing this process. Meanwhile, the time from the single phase ground fault to the trip of CB, more than 50ms is needed. So CSR can regulate its output capacity to the maximum in advance and can help to restrict the opening switching surges. When CSR capacity is initialized at 1/6 stage, the influence to Jiuquan to Jinchang NFLR and SPGFLR opening switching overvoltages caused by CSR capacity regulation are analyzed. Table II and Table III show the results.
TABLE II. THE INFLUENCE TO JIUQUAN-JINCHANG NFLR SWITCHING OVERVOLTAGES BY CSR OPERATION MODE 2% statistic switching overvoltage (p.u.)
Phase to ground Bus side Line side Phase to phase Bus side Line side

No.
c

Operation mode of CSR Maintain at 1/6 stage after load-rejection Regulate to 6/6 stage after 30ms of load-rejection

a L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 x a1 a2 a3 a4 sa0 sa1 sa2 sa3 sa4

b b1 b2 b3 b4 y sb0 sb1 sb2 sb3 sb4

c1 c2 c3 c4 z

1
sc0 sc1 sc2 sc3 sc4

1.37 1.37

1.58 1.58

2.27 2.27

2.45 2.45

TABLE III.

THE INFLUENCE TO JIUQUAN-JINCHANG LPGFLR SWITCHING OVERVOLTAGES BY CSR OPERATION MODE 2% statistic switching overvoltage (p.u.)
Phase to ground Bus side Line side Phase to phase Bus side Line side

Figure 2. Equivalent scheme of TCSR with 6 stages output TABLE I. 6 STAGES OF CAPACITY ADJUSTING FOR 270MVAR TCSR Switches at secondary winding side sa0 closed sa1 closed sa2 closed sa3 closed sa4 closed sa0~sa4 all open Output Capacity of single phase 90Mvar 75Mvar 60Mvar 45Mvar 30Mvar 15Mvar Percentage of output capacity occupying the max capacity 6/6 5/6 4/6 3/6 2/6 1/6

No.

Operation mode of CSR Maintain at 1/6 stage after ground gault Regulate to 6/6 stage after 40ms of ground fault

1 2

1.54 1.54

1.82 1.79

2.34 2.33

2.50 2.47

NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6

According to the result shown in Table II and Table III, the regulation modes of CSR can affect the opening switching overvoltages level of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines. It can be concluded at follows: (1) When NFLR occurs in Jiuquan to Jinchang lines, the switching overvoltages level are the same as 1.58p.u.between maintaining the primary 1/6 stage and regulating to 6/6 stage after 30ms of the opening of CB, which is below the upper limit of 1.8p.u.from the relative standard [13]. It indicates that the regulation of CSR makes no difference for limiting load rejection switching overvoltages. (2) When SPGFLR occurs in Jiuquan to Jinchang lines, the switching overvoltages is 1.82p.u.when the CSR maintain the initialized 1/6 stage, which exceeds the demand upper limit of 1.8p.u. For comparison, if the CSR is regulated to 6/6 stage after 40ms of the ground fault, the highest overvoltage can be reduced to 1.79p.u, being below the upper limit [13]. It

IV.

THE INFLUENCE TO SWITCHING SURGES BY CSR

When CSR are adopting in lines, it is suggested that adjusting the CSR output capacity to the maximum before line closing and re-closing operation, which makes CSR be the same effect to shunt reactor. But for load rejection switching, because the maximum of opening switching overvoltages usually occurs at the first power frequency cycle(less than 20ms) after the trip of CB [12], so adjusting the output capacity of CSR during this course may help to suppress the overvoltages. The effect depends on the time of the adjusting process.

indicates that the regulation of CSR can help to suppress the SPGFLR switching overvoltages effectively. V.

With the CSR under different stages

VI.

THE INFLUENCE BY CSR TO SECONDARY-ARC

CURRENT AND RECOVERY VOLTAGE

THE INFLUENCE BY CSR TO LOAD REJECTION POWER

FREQUENCY OVERVOLTAGE

According to the above research on load rejection switching, when line CSR are adopted its capacity regulation can only help to suppress SPGFLR opening switching overvoltages but make no sense to NFLR switching overvoltages in terms of its operation time. For load rejection power frequency overvoltages (LRPFO for short), CSR can be adjusted to the max capacity before it, so it is favourable to limit LPFO through increasing the compensation degree of shunt reactor to capacitive power and enhancing the restriction to voltage-rising effect[14][15]. Table IV shows out the LRPFO results of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines when the 270Mvar CSR are set at different output capacity as 1/6, 3/6, 6/6 stage. Figure 4 reflects the variation trend of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines LRPFO when the CSR performs under different states.
TABLE IV. THE INFLUENCE TO JIUQUAN-JINCHANG LRPFO BY CSR
UNDER DIFFERENT STAGES

When line CSR is adopted, if its neural point reactor is chosen, different output capacity of CSR makes the line secondary-arc current and voltage level to be different for the compensation effect on line capacitance [17]. This paper studies the secondary-arc current and recovery voltage of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines during single phase re-closing course. The CSR of the lines are set to three stages as 1/6, 5/6 and 6/6 respectively and the neural point reactor is chosen as 1200. Table V shows the result.
TABLE V. THE INFLUENCE BY CSR TO SECONDARY-ARC CURRENT AND RECOVERY VOLTAGE OF JIUQUAN-JINCHANG LINES DURING SINGLE-PHASE RE-CLOSING Recovery voltage(kV) 102.8 86.8 66.4 Neural point reactor voltage(kV) 111.1 110.7 105.4

NO. 1 2 3

CSR output capacity 1/6 stage 45Mvar 3/6 stage 135Mvar 6/6 stage 270Mvar

Power frequency Overvoltage (p.u.)

Bus side Line side

Neural point neural point reactor voltage reactor voltage of FSR(kV) of CSR(kV) 158.5 153.7 149.5 53.1 97.9 149.5

CSR output Secondary-arc capacity current(A) 1/6 Stage 93.9 (45Mvar) 5/6 Stage 39.7 (225Mvar) 6/6 Stage 23.5 (270Mvar)

1.08 1.05 1.03

1.29 1.25 1.21

The result in Table V indicates that the output capacity of CSR make distinct differences to Jiuquan to Jinchang lines secondary-arc current and recovery voltage levels. It can be concluded as follows: (1) When CSR are set to the lowest 1/6 stage (45Mvar), its compensation degree is about 41.0%. In this condition, the maximum of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage during single phase re-closing reaches to 93.9A and 102.9kV respectively. The secondary-arc is hard to extinguish and the re-closing condition is bad[18][19]. (2) When CSR are set to 5/6 stage (225Mvar), its compensation degree is about 75.2%. In this condition, the maximum of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage during single phase re-closing reaches to 39.7A and 86.8kV respectively. Relatively to say, the state changes a little better, but it is still hard for secondary-arc to extinguish and the reclosing condition is bad either[18][19]. (3) When CSR are set to the highest 6/6 stage (270Mvar), its compensation degree is about 82.0%. In this condition, the maximum of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage during single phase re-closing is 23.5A and 66.4kV respectively. The re-closing condition is good. The time for secondary-arc extinguishment is less than 0.22s under the wind speed of 1.5 2.5m/s. In terms of 0.2s for insulation recovering at fault spot and 0.1s for reservation, it is permitted to set the re-closing time at 0.7s[18][19]. Fig.4 indicates the variation trend of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines during single phase re-closing when CSR are set at different output states. In addition, some other studies in this paper indicate that, when the CSR output capacity decreases, regulating the taps of neural point reactors can do good to the limitation of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage level. The output

The results in Tab.4 indicate that the operation mode of CSR can affect much to LRPFO. For Jiuquan to Jinchang lines, its LRPFO at bus side and line side can reduce to 1.03p.u.and 1.21p.u.from 1.08p.u.and 1.29p.u.when the CSR output capacity changes from 1/6 stage to 6/6 stage. The power frequency overvoltage (PFO for short) levels are all below the upper limit mentioned in standard [13]. And when the output of CSR rises, the voltage level at the neural point will decrease. The highest level is 170.2kV with the minimum output of CSR and the lowest level is 164.2kV with the maximum output of CSR, which are both below the 200kV upper limit demanded in relative standard[16].

Figure 3. The variation trend of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines load rejection power frequency overvoltages maximum

capacity of CSR is required to be not lower than 5/6 of full capacity. If the CSR capacity is much lower, the regulation of neural point reactor taps is not effective for changing single phase re-closing condition.

zutao senior engineer. The achievement of this paper is inextricably tied together with their efforts. REFERENCES
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[2]

[3]

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Because the PFO is the lowest when the CSR output capacity
Figure 4. The variation trend of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage of Jiuquan to Jinchang lines during single-phase re-closing with the CSR under different stages [6]

According to the mechanism of secondary-arc current and recovery voltage and the capacity regulation course of CSR, when ground fault happens on lines, CSR can be adjusted to the maximum capacity before the CB trips. So it is necessary to adopt this countermeasure in order to reduce the secondary-arc current and recovery voltage level and improve the single phase re-closing condition. VII. CONCLUSION (1) Considering the regulation course of CSR, if CSR is furnished on lines, adjusting its output capacity when ground fault happens on lines or circuit breakers trip can be good for suppressing the single phase ground fault load rejection switching overvoltages. However for no fault load rejection switching overvoltages, it can make no difference. (2) In terms of different output capacities of CSR, load rejection power frequency overvoltage levels are distinct. Regulation of CSR capacity can make obvious effect on restricting power frequency overvoltages. (3) When the output capacity of CSR degrades, only alternating its taps is not enough for restricting secondary-arc current and recovery voltage to acceptable level. But if CSR can be linked to regulate its capacity when ground fault happens, it can play a good role to the above restriction. (4) For settle the electromagnetic issues when CSR are furnished on Jiuquan to Jinchang lines, the operation control strategy of CSR is suggested in this paper. When the line CB trips with three phases under no fault or some ground fault happens on lines, CSR should be linked to adjust its capacity to the maximum immediately. And the time for the whole capacity regulation course has better be less than 50ms. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks for the efforts and help from my workmates, such as Professor Ban Liangeng, Mr. Song Ruihua and Mr. Xiang

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