VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Shamshabad 501218, Hyderabad, AP www.vardhaman.org Department of Electronics & Communication Engg. Academic Year: 2012-13 Semester: ODD

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Name of the Course: Course Code: Academic Regulations: Class:

Antennas and Wave Propagation

EC 55022

2009 (R09) III B.Tech I Semester

Overview:

It gives comprehensive study of basic antenna fundamentals, types of

antennas, radiation pattern, main lobes & side lobes. Student will come to know how the different antennas work, student also gain knowledge in microwave antennas, antenna arrays. Wave propagation concepts, frequency range, transmission losses calculations, space wave propagation, and tropospheric wave propagation.
Prerequisites

Level UG

Credits 4

Periods/Week 4

Prerequisites

Electromagnetic theory and vector integration And Trigonometric principles

Marks Distribution:

Sessional Marks(25) There shall be 2 midterm examinations. Each midterm examination consists of one objective paper, one subjective paper and one assignment. The objective paper is for 10 marks and subjective paper is for 10 marks, with duration of 1 hour 20 minutes (20 minutes for objective and 60 minutes for subjective paper). Objective paper is set for 20 bits of multiple choice questions, fill-in the blanks for the 10 marks. Subjective paper contains of 4 full questions (one from each unit) of which, the student has to answer 2 questions, each carrying 5 marks. First midterm examination shall be conducted for 1-4 units of syllabus and second midterm examination shall be conducted for 5-8 units. 5 marks are allocated for Assignments (as specified by the concerned subject teacher) first Assignment should be submitted before the
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Universit y End Exam Marks 75

Total Marks 100

conduct of the first mid, and the second Assignment should be submitted before the conduct of the second mid. The total marks secured by the student in each midterm examination are evaluated for 25 marks, and the better of the two midterm examinations shall be taken as the final marks secured by each candidate.
List of text books / References / Websites / Journals / Others: Text Books: T1. Antennas and wave propagation John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan,

TMHl, 4th Edn., Special Indian edition, 2010. T2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000.
References: R1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001.

R2. Antennas and Wave Propagation K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001. R3.Transmission and Propagation E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio, vl. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi. R4. Antennas for all applications John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka ,TMHl, 3rd Edn.,
Other Related Reference Books / Materials:

O1. Electronic and Radio Engineering F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 1955. O2. Antennas John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, SECOND EDITION, 1988.

Course Educational Objectives:

1. Understand the radiation Mechanism of Antenna of different kind. 2. Evaluate different antenna parameters for practical applications. 3. Derive the fields expressions for different types of antennas 4. Design the antennas and draw their radiation patterns 5. Design the different types of antenna arrays 6. Analysis and Design of VHF, UHF, Microwave antennas such as Helical, Horn, and Microchip antennas 7. Understand the features of Lens antennas and Measurements of Antenna parameters 8. Understand the wave propagation through different layers of atmosphere

Course Outcomes:
A. Ability to solve the problems associated with the antenna performance B. Ability to analyze the performance of different antennas

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C. Ability to build some mini projects on antennas D. Ability to design the antennas as per the specifications of real time applications E. Ability to build VHF,UHF,Microwave antennas Microchip antennas F. Understanding the modern and compact antenna structures G. Ability to understand the satellite comm. And Radar comm.

Topics: Unit No. I Topics Periods

II

ANTENNA BASICS: Introduction,basic antenna parameterspatterns,beam area,Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivty, Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Hight, Related Problems. Fields from oscillating dipoles, Fields zones shape impedance considerations, Antenna temparature,Front to back ratio,Antenna Theorem, Radiation-Basic Max wells eqations, Retarded Potentials-Helmholtz theorem . Thin Linear Wire Antennas: Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarterwave Monopole and Halfwave Dipole Current Distributions, Field Components,Radiated Powe Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Hight. Natural current distributions, Far fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Related Problems., Loop Antennas :Introduction.Small Loop, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directivities of small and large loops(Qualitative Treatment). ANTENNA ARRAYS : Point sources-Defination, Patterns,arrays of 2 Isotropic sources- different cases, Principle of pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison,BSAs with non uniform amplitude distributions-general considarations and Binomial Arrays, Illustrated Problems VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I : Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles & their characteristics. Helical Antennas- Helica Geometry, Helix modes, practical Design considerations for monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes.Horn antennsTypes,Fermats Principle,optimum horns, design considerations of pyramidal horns, Related Problems. VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II: Microstrip Antennas-Introduction,Features,advantages and limitations,rectangular patch antennas-geometry and parameters,characteristics of microstrip antennas.impact of different parameters on characteristics,reflector antennasintroduction,flar sheet and corner reflectors,paraboloidal reflectors-geometry,pattern characteristics,feed methods,reflector types-related features.Illustrative problems. Lens Antennas Introduction,Geometry of non-metalic Dielectric Lenses, Zoning, Tolerances,Applications. Antenna Measurements Introduction,concepts,Reciprocity,near and far fields,coordinate system,sources of errors, Patterns to be

III

IV

VI

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VII

VIII

Topics Beyond Syllabus Relationship to ECE Programme Educational Outcomes (PEOs): Outcome a) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering b) An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems. c)An ability to design and conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data. d) An ability to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, and safety manufacturability and sustainability. e) An ability to function on multi-disciplinary terms f) The ability to use modern engineering tools, software and equipment to analyze problems. g) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. h) An ability to communicate effectively in both verbal and written form effectively. i) A knowledge of impact of engineering solutions on the society and also on contemporary issues. j) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in self education and life-long learning. k) An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary to face competitive examinations and engineering practices.

measured,pattern measurement arrangement, Directivity measurement,Gain Measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods). WAVE PROPAGATION - I: Introduction,definitions,categorizations and general classifications,different modes of wave propagation,ray/mode concepts. Ground Wave Propagation(qualitative treatment)Introduction,plane earth reflections,space and surface waves,wave tilt,curved earth reflections.Space Wave Propagation Introduction,field strength variation with distance and height,effect of earths curvature,absorption.super refraction,M-curves and duct propagation,scattering phenomena,tropospheric propagation,fading and path loss calculations. WAVE PROPAGATION - II: Sky wave propagationIntroduction,structure of ionosphere,refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere,ray path,critical frequency,MUF,LUF,OF,virtual height and skip distance,relation between MUF and skip distance,multi-hop propagation,energy loss in ionosphere,summary of wave characteristics in different frequency ranges. some non-resonant antennas like Rhombic,V-antenna and Travelling wave antennas, etc.
Level S P P

Proficiency Assessed by

P S S S P S S P

Lectures , Assignments, Technical seminars Lectures, Assignments, Work shops Lectures, Assignments, Work shops Problem solving, Technical Seminars, Exercises Discussions, Assessments Lectures, Assignments, Workshops Discussions, Lectures, Workshops Mini Projects, technical seminars Seminars, Lectures Mini Projects, Questionnaires Lectures, Assignments, Workshops, Exams

***P-Primary Theme ** S-Secondary Theme * N-Non Trivial Theme

Prepared By : N.Pandu Ranga Reddy Date : 10-07-2012

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