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Alex Fosdick Capstone Senior Design Instructor: Tom Brown Edited: February 3rd, 2011
Description: This document is the second of two in describing the basics needed to know for designing Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) with Altium Summer Designer 09. This document will describe the PCB layout aspect of designing PCBs.
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Contents
Figure List ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Importing your Design from Schematic to Layout ........................................................................................ 4 Layout Design ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Editing Component Properties.................................................................................................................. 8 The Different Layout Layers .................................................................................................................... 13 Connecting Components together.......................................................................................................... 13 Changing the Board Shape ...................................................................................................................... 15 Adding Polygon Pours ............................................................................................................................. 16 Finishing the Design .................................................................................................................................... 18 Design Rule Check (DRC) ......................................................................................................................... 18 Adding Custom rules Polygon Pour Clearance ..................................................................................... 23 Creating Gerber and NC Drill Files .......................................................................................................... 25 Free DFM Check ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Submitting your Design to Advanced Circuits............................................................................................. 31
Figure List
Figure 1 Example Circuit (1/2) ...................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2: Example Circuit (2/2) ..................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Updating your PCB Design ............................................................................................................. 5 Figure 4: Summary for Layout Updates ........................................................................................................ 6 Figure 5: New Components in the Layout Window ...................................................................................... 7 Figure 6: New Components with Room Windows ........................................................................................ 7 Figure 7: Nets Names on the PCB ................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 8: Component Properties................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 9: The Select Menu .......................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 10: Highlighted Components ........................................................................................................... 10 Figure 11: Select Menu Toolbar .................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 12: Highlighted Designators ............................................................................................................. 11 Figure 13: PCB Inspector Menu .................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 14: Smaller Text Font ....................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 15: Navigating Layers Toolbar.......................................................................................................... 13 Figure 16: Finished layout positioning ........................................................................................................ 14 Figure 17: Almost Finished Layout .............................................................................................................. 14 Figure 18: Changing Board Shape ............................................................................................................... 15 2|Page
Figure 19: Board Outline ............................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 20: Placing a Polygon Pour ............................................................................................................... 16 Figure 21: Adding a Polygon Pour ............................................................................................................... 17 Figure 22: Final board with Pour................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 23: Design Rules Editor .................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 24: Design Rule Check ...................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 25: DRC Error Messages ................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 26: DRC Verification Report (1/2) .................................................................................................... 21 Figure 27: DRC Verification Report (2/2) .................................................................................................... 22 Figure 28: Silkscreen Over Component Pad................................................................................................ 23 Figure 29: Design Rule Wizard .................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 30: Clearance Type ........................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 31: All Clearance Rules ..................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 32: Custom Altium Rule ................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 33: Generating Design Files ............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 34: Gerber File Setup ....................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 35: NC Drill Files ............................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 36: FreeDFM Website ...................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 37: Submitting a PCB (1/3) ............................................................................................................... 29 Figure 38: Submitting a PCB (2/3) ............................................................................................................... 30 Figure 39: Submitting a PCB (3/3) ............................................................................................................... 31
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not de-select the room choices, the components would appear as seen in Figure 6. If you want to remove a room, just click the red area around the components and push delete.
Layout Design
The first important aspect to PCB design is to investigate your components. Make sure your footprints all seem to be what you expect them to be. If you have your components that you are building your board with, you can do actually print off the PCB layout with all of the footprints, and place your component over the printed layout paper and its corresponding footprint. Printing this gives a 1:1 ratio of what the board will become after manufacturing. The second point to notice about these components is there net label. It is important to label wires or just use Nets instead because the name 7|Page
you provide will be represented on the Layout side. This can be seen in Figure 7. You can see that the power pins are labeled with VCC, the ground pins GND, and so on.
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or push sa, or choose select all from the top toolbar. Pushing the s key will show a window like that seen in Figure 9.
12. If you ever need to deselect them, just return this toolbar to the (ALL) option. You can also just type
the string IsDesignator into this window. If this window does not exist or has been closed you can right click the toolbar and select filter this will cause the toolbar to reappear.
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Figure 13. In this window you can see there are a lot of options that you can change such as the layer all
the designator appear on, the text height, font type, and etc. Go ahead and change the text height to 30 mils. This will cause the text to appear like that seen in Figure 14.
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The Mechanical layers represent areas where physical changes to the board are present, like drilling holes. You will not need to worry about these layers unless you have more advanced designs that require it. Most of your work will be done on the top and bottom layers. You can add extra writing or pictures on the silkscreen. This is a good thing to do especially during your footprint design, so that you have a reference point on the footprint itself, such as a small designator or piece of text to signify VCC, GND, or etc.. Extra features will not be discussed in this document.
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Sometimes placing traces becomes irritating because of the automatic snapping of the trace shape or position of the components that Altium does. To change the snap grid, so it does this for smaller increments, right click and select Snap or select design. Change this to a value you like.
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Figure 21.
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This table is the absolute minimum that advanced circuits can do. It is highly suggested to not use the minimum and use larger clearance tolerances (10 mils) and larger hole size minimums. The wiki also has a list of suggested settings you can use. To view or change the Design rules, click Design->Rules. This will cause a window that looks like Figure 23 to come up. If you do a design rule check, and you receive errors, it is because parameter values listed in the below design rules window are larger then what you designed into your PCB. Below we have the example of trace to pad or trace to trace clearance. You can see that the minimum is set to 10mils. This field means that any trace cannot be anywhere closer than 10mils to your other traces or pads in your design.
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Figure 27: DRC Verification Report (2/2) Figure 27 is just the same verification report as Figure 26, but scrolled down. You can see some of the values have errors in our design. If you click on the Green links listed in Figure 27, they will show you
where the error is on your PCB. Go ahead and click on the top error and it should show you something like the following picture in Figure 28.
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Circuits. There is another link to this on the advanced Circuits website: http://4pcb.com/. A picture of this website can be seen in Figure 36.
On this menu you will need to set your files to equate the correct file type so go through the list setting them to be the right type. The table below shows this. .DRL .GBL .GBO .GBP .GBS NC Drill Bottom Copper Bottom Silkscreen Drawing/Other Bottom Soldermask .GKO .GTL .GTO .GTP .GTS Drawing/Other Top Copper Top Silkscreen Drawing/Other Top Soldermask
After adding the correct selections in that menu, the next section is seen in Figure 38.
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