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September 11, 2001 Stony Creek Township, Pennsylvania July 31, 1997 Attempted Subway Bombing
Risk of No Action
A campaign could begin anywhere at anytime Expect high casualty rates unless law enforcement and intelligence are prepared to anticipate and interdict
Stopping one suicide bomber can have a high impact on casualties avoided Moral imperative behind trying to stop suicide bombings and developing preventive policies
Roots of Martyrdom:
Allah is our destination, Prophet Muhammad is our idol, Koran is our constitution, Jihad is our way, Martyrdom is our goal
Shaheed Motivations
Religious, personal, nationalist, and economic motivations Economics: Tangible financial rewards to family Personal Level: Elevation of self to cult status
Glorification of Self
In an instant you are propelled from being no one to someone who is glorified and lionized with poems, and you live on in this historical chain of martyrs, being remembered and saluted
(Van Natta, New York Times, Aug 24, 2003)
Israeli Experience:
The Ultimate Smart Weapon
Between 1980-2002 suicide attacks in Israel comprised 1%-3% of attacks Yet resulted in 44%-48% of all casualties