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Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
IMAGE DENOISING FOR SPECKLE NOISE REDUCTION IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES USING DWT TECHNIQUE
Jaspreet kaur1, Rajneet kaur2
1
Student Masters of Technology, Shri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib,Punjab 2 HOD and Assistant Professor, Shri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib,Punjab
ABSTRACT
This paper presents image denoising and Speckle noise reduction model using different wavelets and combination of wiener filter along with deconvolution filters. Wavelets are the latest research area in the field of image processing and enhancement. The results show a comparison of Haar, Symlets and Coiflets Wavelets for Image denoising for biomedical images. Wavelet analysis represents the next logical step: a windowing technique with variable-sized regions. Wavelet analysis allows the use of long time intervals where we want more precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where we want high-frequency information. The main objective of Image denoising techniques is necessary to remove such noises while retaining as much as possible the important signal features. Introductory section offer brief idea about different available denoising schemes. Ultrasonic imaging is a widely used medical imaging procedure because it is economical, comparatively safe, transferable, and adaptable. Though, one of its main shortcomings is the poor quality of images, which are affected by speckle noise. The existence of speckle is unattractive since it disgrace image quality and it affects the tasks of individual interpretation and diagnosis. Results are both Qualitative and Quantitative analyses by obtaining the denoised version of the input image by DWT along with wiener filter Technique and comparing it with the input image used. Quantitative analysis would be performed by checking attained Mean Square Error estimation and PSNR of the denoised image. Also, elapsed time for these processing techniques has also been presented. Another important parameter of PSF (Point Spread Function) of restored image is added to check the level of distortion in output image.
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid increase in the range and use of electronic imaging justifies attention for systematic design of an image compression and denoising system and for providing the image quality needed in different applications. The basic measure for the performance of an enhancement algorithm is PSNR, defined as a peak signal to noise ratio. Quality and compression can also vary according to input image characteristics and content. In medical imaging, such as ultrasound image is generated, but the basic problem in these images is the introduced speckle noise [2]. Medical images are usually corrupted by noise in its acquisition and Transmission.
Figure 1: Ultrasound Image corrupted by speckle noise Speckle noise becomes a dominating factor in degrading the image visual quality and perception in many other images. Noise is introduced at all stages of image acquisition [3]. There could be noises due to loss of proper contact or air gap between the transducer probe and body; there could be noise introduced during the beam forming process and also during the signal processing stage. [4] Speckle is a particular kind of noise which affects all coherent imaging systems including medical images and astronomical images. The signal and the noise are statistically independent of each other. Previously a number of schemes have been proposed for speckle mitigation. The rapid increase in the range and use of electronic imaging justifies attention for systematic design of an image processing system and for providing the image quality needed in different applications [2]. The basic measure for the performance of an enhancement algorithm is mean square error or PSNR (Picture Signal to Noise Ratio). However, Quality and compression can also vary
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Digital image acquisition and processing techniques play an important role in current day medical diagnosis. Images of living objects are taken using different modalities like X-ray, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc. [1] Highlights the importance of applying advanced digital image processing techniques for improving the quality by removing noise components present in the acquired image to have a better diagnosis. [1] also shows a survey on different techniques used in ultrasound image denoising. [2] has presented the work on use of wiener filtering in wavelet domain with soft thresholding as a comprehensive technique. Also, [2] compares the efficiency of wavelet based thresholding (Visushrink, Bayesshrink and Sureshrink) technique in despeckling the medical Ultrasound images with five other classical speckle reduction filters. The performance of these filters is determined using the statistical quantity measures such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise ratio (PSNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Based on the statistical measures and visual quality of Ultrasound B-scan images the wiener filtering with Bayesshrink thresholding technique in the wavelet domain performed well over the other filter techniques.[3] has presented different filtration techniques (wiener and median) and a proposed novel technique that extends the existing technique by improving the threshold function parameter K which produces results that are based on different noise levels. A signal to mean square error as a measure of the quality of denoising was preferred.
3. PROBLEM FORMULATION
To Design and implement a model for image denoising using discrete wavelet transform using multilevel decomposition approach. Quantitative analysis would be performed by checking attained Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error estimation of the denoised image. Speckle noise reduction is another main criterion for determining the image quality objectively. A comparative analysis of Haar wavelets, Symlets wavelets and Coiflets.
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1 MULTIRESOLUTIONAL ANALYSIS Wavelet analysis represents the next logical step: a windowing technique with variable-sized regions. Wavelet analysis allows the use of long time intervals where we want more precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where we want high-frequency information.
Figure 2: Wavelet Transform on a signal The decomposition process can be iterated, with successive approximations being decomposed in turn, so that one signal is broken down into many lower resolution components. This is called the wavelet decomposition tree.
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where Sxx(f1,f2), Snn(f1,f2) are respectively power spectra of the original image and the additive noise, and H(f1,f2) is the blurring filter. It is easy to see that the Wiener filter has two separate part, an inverse filtering part and a noise smoothing part. It not only performs the deconvolution by inverse filtering (high pass filtering) but also removes the noise with a compression operation (low pass filtering). Recently
Here u(x, y) represents the objects (means the original image) and v(x, y) is the observed image. Here h (x, y; x, y) represents the impulse response of the image acquiring process. The term (x, y) represents the additive noise which has an image dependent random components f [g(w)] 1 and an image independent random component 2. A different type of noise in the coherent imaging of objects is called speckle noise. Speckle noise can be modeled as V(x, y) = u(x, y)s(x, y) + (x, y) (4)
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Figure 4: Haar Wavelet Function Waveform 6.2 Symlets Wavelet The Symlets are nearly symmetrical wavelets proposed by Daubechies as modifications to the db family. The properties of the two wavelet families are similar. There are 7 different Symlets functions from sym2 to sym8. We have used sym2 function shown below.
Figure 5: sym2 Wavelet Function Waveform 6.3 Coiflets Wavelet Built by I. Daubechies at the request of R. Coifman. The wavelet function has 2N moments equal to 0 and the scaling function has 2N-1 moments equal to 0. The two functions have a support of length 6N-1.
7. RESULTS
Computer simulations were carried out using MATLAB (R2010b). The quality of the reconstructed image is specified in terms of the Peak Signal-to-Noise, Mean Square Error Elapsed time and PSF. Experimental results are conducted on 50 ultrasound images (kidney, brain, liver, hernia, spine and abdomen). Speckle noise with level 0.4 was added to the image. In this paper, we show results on two images brain and spine with table of 50 images. I. BRAIN IMAGE USING HAAR WAVELET AND WIENER FILTERS
ORIGINAL IMAGE
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NOISY IMAGE
DENOISED IMAGE
ORIGINAL IMAGE
NOISY IMAGE
DENOISED IMAGE
ORIGINAL IMAGE
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ORIGINAL IMAGE
NOISY IMAGE
DENOISED IMAGE
ORIGINAL IMAGE
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ORIGINAL IMAGE
NOISY IMAGE
DENOISED IMAGE
TABLE 1: RESULTS OF SPINE IMAGE MSE ELAPSED TIME 0.0022 14.89 SECONDS 0.0060 16.80 SECONDS 0.0036 15.38 SECONDS
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GRAPH 4: MSE GRAPH OF SPINE IMAGE TABLE 3: RESULTS OF 50 ULTRASOUND IMAGES WAVELET USED PSNR MSE HAAR SYMLET COIFLET KJ000 HAAR SYMLET COIFLET KJ00 HAAR SYMLET COIFLET KJ0 HAAR SYMLET COIFLET KJ1 HAAR SYMLET COIFLET KJ2 HAAR COIFLET COIFLET KJ7 HAAR SYMLET COIFLET 85.9707 81.7388 83.263 78.1435 74.6477 76.727 79.613 75.8726 77.35 78.1061 74.4286 76.0567 88.7306 84.5626 86.1656 88.6909 84.5531 86.1561 79.461 75.575 77.0088 0.0663 0.1757 0.1237 0.0771 0.1725 0.1069 0.0549 0.13 0.0925 0.0779 0.1816 0.1248 0.0351 0.0917 0.0634 0.0354 0.0919 0.0635 0.057 0.1398 0.1005
IMAGE KJ
ELAPSED TIME(SECONDS) 16.6 17.13 16.61 4.84 5.98 5.47 5.9 6.11 5.55 5.4 6.33 6.03 16.55 17.13 16.95 16.26 17.56 16.65 5.22 5.58 5.33
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IMAGE KJ15
PSNR 77.6513 73.8652 76.2996 78.3735 74.1542 75.8904 77.8855 73.9627 75.7956 81.944 78.0665 79.8413 90.2586 86.1474 88.4882
MSE 0.0867 0.2072 0.1183 0.0734 0.194 0.1301 0.0821 0.2025 0.1328 0.0578 0.1411 0.0938 0.0374 0.0964 0.0562
ELAPSED TIME 5.46 5.91 5.82 5.58 6.01 5.61 4.59 5.82 5.11 7.46 8.01 7.65 19.52 20.24 19.68
KJ16
KJ17
KJ18
KJ19
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8. CONCLUSION
Image denoising has been achieved using new technique of wavelet transform in combination with wiener filters and results have been obtained that could be measured subjectively by viewing the pictures of restored image attained as above results and checking the PSF of final restored image that shows very less distortion parameter. Also, Image quality has been measured objectively using MSE value with different wavelets. At the end we conclude that haar wavelet with wiener filter provide better results than symlets and coiflets wavelet. Haar wavelet is better than coiflets wavelet and coiflets is better than symlets wavelet.
9. FUTURE SCOPE
In future, work can be done to implement this algorithm of multiresolutional analysis presented in this thesis on other types of medical imaging like CT Scan, MRI and EEG images under various different kinds of noise like speckle noise, Gaussian noise, etc. Also, this work could be implemented on an FPGA to build an intelligent model that could be used for denoising in ultrasound images. Work could be done to minimize the constraints and resource utilization on FPGA implementation of this model. Also, with slight modifications in the code, efforts can be made to reduce the processing time of the model.
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