Csir Ugc Net - Physics - Free Solved Paper

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For IIT-JAM, JNU, GATE, NET, NIMCET and Other Entrance Exams
Pattern of questions : MCQs
This paper contains 55 Multiple Choice Questions
part A 15, part B 20 and part C 20
Each question in Part 'A' carries two marks
Part 'B' carries 3.5 marks
Part 'C' carries 5 marks respectively.
There will be negative marking
@ 25% for each wrong answer.
CSIR NET - PHYSICAL SCIENCE

1-C-8, Sheela Chowdhary Road, Talwandi, Kota (Raj.) Tel No. 0744-2429714
Web Site www.vpmclasses.com E-mail-vpmclasses@yahoo.com
Total marks : 200

Duration of test : 3 Hours
MOCK TEST PAPER

C SIR NET, GATE, IIT-JAM, UGC NET , TIFR, IISc , JEST, JNU, BHU, ISM, IBPS, CSAT, SLET, NIMCET, CTET

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PARTA (1-15)
1. Twenty f our clerk can clear 180 f iles in 15 days. Number of clerk required to clear
240 files in 12 days is
(1) 38
(2) 39
(3) 40
(4) 42
2. In the given f igure, RA = SA = 9cm and QA = 7cm. If PQ is the diameter, then radius is
A
R
S
Q
P

(1)
65
cm
7

(2)
130
cm
7

(3) 8 cm
(4) None
3. If the circles are drawn with radii R
1
, R
2
, R
3
with centre at the vertices of a triangle as shown
in f igure. Side of triangle is a, b, c respectively, then R
1
+ R
2
+ R
3
is equal to


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R
1
R
3

(1) 3(a + b + c)
(2)
1
(a b c)
3
+ +
(3)
1
(a b c)
2
+ +
(4) 2(a + b + c)

4. Study the f ollowing graph and answer the question given below it

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1984 1985 1986
1987 1988
1989
N
o
.

o
f

T
o
o
l
s

(
i
n

'
0
0
0
)
Years
T
o
t
a
l

v
a
l
u
e

o
f

t
o
o
l
s

(
i
n

R
s

c
r
o
r
e
s
)
Production in a Tool Factory
Number of Tools
----- Value

What was the value of each tool in 1985?


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(1) Rs
1
5
3
thousand
(2) Rs 50 thousand
(3) Rs 5, 103
(4)
5
5
9

5. The total adults in a city is 60000. The various sections of them are indicated below in the
circle
What percentage of the employed persons is self employed?

(1)
5
5
19

(2)
1
19
5

(3) 20
(4) 5

6. Look at this series: 14, 28, 20, 40, 32, 64, ... What number should come next?
(1) 52
(2) 56
(3) 96
108
II
54
18
III
IV
V
I employees in the public sector
II employees in the private sector
III employees in the corporate sector
IV self employed
unemployed
V


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(4) 128

7. A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per liter f or three successive years.
What approximately is the average cost per liter of petrol if he spends Rs. 4000 each year?
(1) Rs. 7.98
(2) Rs. 8
(3) Rs. 8.50
(4) Rs. 9

8. In a certain store, the prof it is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling
price remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit?
(1) 30%
(2) 70%
(3) 100%
(4) 250%

9. Today is Friday af ter 62 days, it will be :
(1) Thursday
(2) Friday
(3) Wednesday
(4) Tuesday


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10. A car travelling with of its actual speed covers 42 km in 1 hr 40 min 48 sec. Find the
actual speed of the car.
(1)
6
17 km/ hr
7

(2) 25 km/hr
(3) 30 km/hr
(4) 35 km/hr
11. P is a working and Q is a sleeping partner. P puts in Rs. 3400 and Q puts Rs.6500. P
receives 20% of the prof its f or managing. The rest is distributed in proportion to their
capitals. Out of a total profit of Rs.990, how much did P get ?
(1) 460
(2) 470
(3) 450
(4) 480
12. A lawn is the f orm of a rectangle having its side in the ratio 2:3 The area of the lawn is 1/6
hectares. Find the length and breadth of the lawn.
(1) 25m
(2) 50m
(3) 75m
(4) 100 m
13. An aeroplane covers a certain distance at a speed of 240 kmph in 5 hours. To cover the
same distance in 1 hours, it must travel at a speed of :
(1) 300 kmph


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(2) 360 kmph
(3) 600 kmph
(4) 720 kmph

14. Find out the missing number of the given question:
2 7 4
5 2 3
1 ? 6
10 42 72
(1) 2
(2) 4
(3) 5
(4) 3

15. All of the f ollowing are the same in a manner. Find out the one which is diff erent among
them:
(1) BFJQ
(2) RUZG
(3) GJOV
(4) ILQX

PARTB (16-35)
16. What i s the soluti on of i ntegral

0
[cos(3x) 2] (x )dx

(1) 0
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 1
17 Sol ve the integral equati on
0
1 , 0 1
f( ) cos d
0, 1

=
>


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(1)
2
2(1 cos )
f( )

(2)
2
2cos
f( )

(3)
2
(1 cos )
f( )
2

(4)
2
(1 cos )
f( )

18. Fi nd the function whose lapl ace transform i s
2
2 2 2
s
(s a ) +

(1) +
1
[at sinat cos at]
2a

(2)
1
(a sin at cos at )
2a
+
(3)
1
[a cosat si nat]
2a
+ +
(4)
1
[at cosat sinat]
2a
+
19. The Lagrange equation of motion of two ri gi d bodies of masses m and 2m are connected by a li ght
fl exible spri ng of spring constant K. what i s the Lagrange equation of motion.
(1)
k
x x 0
m
+ =

(2)
k
x x 0
2m
+ =

(3)
3k
x x 0
2m
+ =

(4)
5k
x x 0
2m
+ =


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20. In the fol lowing indi cator diagram, the net amount of work done will be
(1) Posi ti ve
(2) Negati ve
(3) Zero
(4) Infi ni ty

21. A parti cl e moves i n a pl ane under the i nfluence of a force, acti ng towards a centre of force whose
magni tude i s
2
2 2
1 r 2rr
F 1
r c
| |
=
|
\

where r i s the di stance of the parti cl e to the centre of force, then
the Lagrangian for the motion in a pl ane i s
(1)
2 2 2 2
2
r r 1 1 r
L
2 2 r r c
= +

(2)
2 2 2 2
2 2
r r 1 2 r
L
2 2 r c r
= + + +

(3)
2 2 2
2 2
r r 2 1 r
L
2 2 r c r
= + +

(4)
2 2
2 2
r 1 1 r
L
2 r c r
= +

22. Cal culate the Fermi energy in el ectron vol t for sodi um assumi ng that i t has one free el ectron per
atom. Gi ven densi ty of sodium = 0.97 g cm
3
, atomi c weight of sodium i s 23.
(1) 3.541 eV
(2) 3.451 eV
(3) 5.135 eV
(4) 3.145 eV


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23. The paramagneti c contri buti on to the magneti c susceptibili ty per m
3
of potassi um, for whi ch the Fermi
energy i s 2.1 eV i s at wt. of potassi um i s 39.1 gm and densi ty of potassi um i s0.86 10
3
kgm
3
.
(1) 420.5 10
8

(2) 450.2 10
+8

(3) 420.5 10
6

(4) 425.210
+6

24. The fi gure shows the i nverse magneti c suscepti bili ty (1/) (dimensi onl ess) as a functi on of
temperature for a paramagneti c material. Cal cul ate the concentration of magneti c ions, i f they are
assumed to be Co
2+
with configuration 3d
7
.
(1) 54 10
23

(2) 51 10
26

(3) 69 10
23

(4) 69 10
26

25. A 3D structure of current carryi ng wire i s as shown in the fi gure. The magneti c force experienced by
charge parti cl e of mass m and charge q, when i t i s crossi ng ori gin with velocity v
along +ve Y-axi s will

be
(1)
0 0
q qV
8R 4 R

| |
+
|
\
i
(2)
0
q 2

1
8R
(
| |
+
( |
\

i k
(3)
0
q
8

k
(4) Zero


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26. If E
f(0)
and E
f
are Fermi l evel s of a metal at 0K and 30000 K, then what i s the val ue of
f
f( 0)
E
E
i f
E
f(0)
= 7 eV.
(1) 0.119
(2) 0.88
(3) 1.113
(4) 1.188
27. The smal l (rotati onal ) Raman di spl acement for HCI mol ecule i s 416 cm
1
. Find the i nternuclear
di stance between the atoms forming the molecul e. Gi ven : h = 663 10
34
J s, c = 30 10
8
m s
1

and N
A
= 6023 10
23
mol
1
.
(1) 129 A
(2) 229 A
(3) 249 A
(4) 064 A
28. For the gi ven ci rcui t the the open l oop gain i s 12000 and R
1
= 120 k and R
f
= 600 k. V
i
= 1.2 V.
Fi nd the exact output vol tage for the inverti ng operational ampli fi er.
(1) 5 V
(2) 6 V
(3) 599 V
(4) 499 V
29. Oxygen has nucl ear spin of 5/2. The NMR of oxygen gi ves
(1) 2 lines
(2) 3 lines
(3) 4 lines


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(4) 6 lines
30. A metal strain gauge factor of two. ts nominal resi stance i s 120 ohms. It undergoes strai n 10
5
, the
value of change of resi stance i n response to the strain i s
(1) 240 ohms
(2) 2 10
5
ohm
(3) 2.4 10
3
ohm
(4) 1.2 10
3
ohm

31. Eval uate
V
Fd ,

where
2
F xyz =
over the pri sm pl aced at origin as shown i n the Figure.

(1)
1
3

(2)
2
3

(3)
1
9

(4)
2
9

32. A star i ni tiall y has 10
40
deuterons. It producesenergy vi a the processes

1
H
2
+
1
H
2

1
H
3
+ p and
1
H
2
+
1
H
3

2
He
4
+ n
If the average power radiated by the star i s 10
16
W, the deuteron suppl y of the star is exhausted in a
time of the order of
(1) 10
6
sec
(2) 10
8
sec
(3) 10
12
sec
(4) 10
16
sec
The masses of the nucl ei are as foll ows:
M (H
2
) = 2014 amu; M (p) = 1007 amu;
M (n) = 1008 amu; M (He
4
) = 4001 amu.


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33. A -ray photon produces an el ectron-posi tron pai r, each moving wi th a K.E. of 001 MeV. The energy
of the -ray photon i s
(1) 102 MeV
(2) 104 MeV
(3) 208 MeV
(4) 103 MeV

34. The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a composi te sl ab, consi sti ng of two materials having
coeffi ci ents of thermal conducti vity K and 2K and thi ckness x and 4x, respecti vel y are T
2
and T
1
(T
2
>
T
1
).
2K
T
2
T
1
x 4x

The rate of heat transferred through the sl ab, i n a steady state i s
2 1
A(T T )K
f,
x
| |
|
\
wi th f equal s to
(1) 1
(2) 1/2
(3) 2/3
(4) 1/3
35. In quark model what i s the state of

(1) ud
(2)
1
(uu dd)
2

(3)
1
(uu dd)
2
+
(4)
1
(us su)
2

PARTC (36-55)


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36. The value of the counter integral
6
3
C
sin z
dz
1
z
6
| |
|
\
, i f C i s the ci rcl e z 1 = .
(1)
20
i
17

(2)
21
i
16

(3)
15
i
7

(4)
12
i
13

37. The matri x A, defi ned by
1 2 2
A 2 a b
2 b a
| |
|
=
|
|
\

Is orthogonal i f
(1) a = 1, b = 1
(2) a = 1 , b = 2
(3) a = 2, b = 1
(4) a = 2, b =
38. A reversi ble engine works between three thermal reservoi rs, A,B and C . The engine absorbs an
equal amount of heat from the thermal reservoi rs A and B kept at temperatures T
A
and T
B

respecti vel y, and rejects heat to the thermal reservoir C kept at temperature T
C
. The effi ciency of the
engine i s times the effi ciency of the reversi bl e engi ne, whi ch works between the two reservoi rs A
and C. whi ch one of the fol lowing rel ation statement i s correct ?
(1)
( ) ( )
A A
B C
T T
2 1 2 1
T T
= +


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(2)
( ) ( )
A A
B C
T T
2 1 2 1
T T
= +
(3)
( ) ( )
C B
A A
T T
2 1 2 1
T T
= +
(4)
( ) ( )
A A
C B
T T
2 1 2 1
T T
= +
39. A quantum mechani cal parti cl e of mass m i s confined i n three-dimensional i nfini te square well
potenti al of side a. The ei gen-energy of parti cl e i s given as E =

2 2
2
9
.
ma
The state i s
(1) 4 fold degenerate
(2) 3-fol d degenerate
(3) 2-fol d degenerate
(4) Non-degenerate
40. Ten grammas of water at 20 C i s converted i nto at 10C at constant atmospheri c pressure.
Assuming the speci fic heat of li qui d water to remain constant at 4.2 J/gK and that of i ce to be hal f of
thi s val ue, and taki ng the l atent heat of fusion of i ce at 0C to be 335 J/g , the total entropy of the
system i s .
(1) Zero
(2) 16.02 JK
1

(3) 15.63 JK
1
(4) 15.63JK
1
41. A sphere rolls down a rough i ncl uded plane; i f x be the di stance of the poi nt of contact of the sphere
from a fi xed poi nt on the plane, fi nd the accelerati on.
(1)
5
g sin
7

(2)
5
g si n
14

(3) mg sin


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(4)
7
g sin
5

42. A symmetri cal top with moments of inerti a
n
=
y
and
z
i n the body axes frame i s descri bed by the
Hamiltonian
( )
2 2 2
x y z
x
1 1
H L L L
2I 2Ix
= + +
Here moments of i nerti a are parameters and not operators. L
x
L
y
and L
z
are the angul ar momentum
operator i n the body axes frame.
(i) The ei genval ues of the Hamil tonian
(1)
2
2 2
x z x
1 1
( + 1) + m
2 2 2
| |
|

\

(2)
2
2 2
x z x
1 1
( + 1) + m
2 2 2
| |
+
|

\

(3)
2 2
2
x z x
1 1 m
( 1)
2 2 2
| |
+ +
|

\

(4)
2 2
2
x z x
1 1 m
( 1)
2 2 2
| |
+ + +
|

\

(ii) Expected val ue for a measurement of L
x
+ L
y
+ L
z
for any state i s
(1) Zero
(2) m
(3) m
(4) m
2

43. If we take i n the semi -empiri cal mass formul a a
c
= 0.58 MeV and a
a
= 19.3 MeV. Then possi bl e
atomi c number of most stable nucl ei of massnumber 64.
(1) 26
(2) 29
(3) 32
(4) 33


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44. 36 g of water at 30C are converted into steam at 250C at constant atmospheric pressure. The
specifi c heat of water i s assumed constant at 4.2 J/g K and the latent heat of vapori zation at 100C i s
2260 J/g. For water vapour, assume pV = mRT where R = 0.4619 kJ/ kg K, and
p
C
R
= a + bT + cT,
where a = 3.634,
b = 1.195 10
3
K
1
and c = 0.135 10
6
K
2

Cal culate the entropychange of the system.
(1) 0.2181 kJ/K
(2) 0.0235 kJ/K
(3) 273.1 J/K
(4) 314.3 J/K
45. A perpendi cul arl y polari zed wave propagates from regi on 1(
r1
= 8.5,
r1
=1,
1
= 0) to region 2, free
space, with an angle of i nci dence of 15. Gi ven
i
0
E 1.0 V / m = , then
r
0
E , i s
(1) 1.62 V/m
(2) 0.623 V/m
(3) 4.23 V/m
(4) 7.75 mV/m
46. A parti cl e A of mass m moving along the positi ve x-directi on wi th ki neti c energy K suffers an el asti c
head-on coll i sion wi th a stati onary parti cle B of mass M. After the col lisi on the parti cl e A moves al ong
the negati ve x-di rection with ki neti c energy K/9. What i s the mass of parti cl e B?
(1) 9 m
(2) 6 m
(3) 3 m
(4) 2 m
47. Cal culate the amount of energy rel eased i f all the deuteri um atoms i n the water in the lake of area
about 10
5
sq. mi les and of depth
1
20
the mile area used up in fusi on.
(1) 2.18 10
38
MeV


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(2) 43 MeV
(3) 1.56 10
39
MeV
(4) 6.9 10
38
MeV
48. The maximum wave l ength of photons that can be detected by a photo di ode made of a
semiconductor of band gap 2 eV i s about
(1) 620 nm
(2) 700 nm
(3) 740 nm
(4) 860 nm
49. The three electroni c ci rcui ts marked (i ), (i i ) and (ii i ) i n the figure below can al l work as l ogi c gates,
where the input si gnal s are ei ther 0V or 5V and the output i s V
0
.

Identi fy the correct combination of l ogi c gates(i ), (i i ), (ii i ) in the opti ons gi ven bel ow.
(1) NOR, XOR, AND
(2) OR, NAND, NOR
(3) NAND, AND, XOR
(4) AND, OR, NOR

Statement for Linked Answer Question 50(i) and 50(ii)


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Let f(z) = cosz
sin z
z
for non-zero z C and f(0) = 0. Al so, l et g(z) = sinh z for z C.
50(i). Then f(z) hasa zero at z = 0 of order
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) Greater than 2
50(ii). Then
g(z)
zf(z)
has a pol e at z = 0 of order
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) Greater than 3
51. The Lagrangian of a system is gi ven by

2 2 2 2
1
L mr ( sin ) V(r, , )
2
= +

The equati on of motion i s
(1)
2 2
d V
(mr sin ) 0
dt

(2)
2 2
d V
(mr sin ) 0
dt

(3)
2 2
d V
(mr sin ) 0
dt
+ =

(4)
2 2
d V
(mr cos ) 0
dt
+ =

Linked question 52(i), 52(ii), 52(iii)
A one-di mensional harmoni c osci llator of a parti cle with mass an and potential energy v(x) =
2 2
1
m x
2


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Thi s parti cl e has a charge q and i s placed in a uniform el ectric field E parallel to the x axi s, E = Ex .
52.(i). The Hami ltonian of the parti cl e
(1)
2
2 2
P 1
m x x
2m 2
+
(2)
2
2 2
P 1
m x x
2m 2
+ +
(3)
2
2 2
P 1
m x x
2m 2

(4)
2
2 2
P 1
m x x
2m 2
+
52(ii). Perform a coordinate transformati on y = ax+b (where a and b are constant / such that i n the y
coordi nate the Hami ltonian i ssi milar to that of a one dimensi onal harmoni c oscil lator (wi th no
charge) What are a and b
(1) a = 1 , b = / m
2
(2) a = 1 , b = / m
2
(3) a = / m
2
, b = 1
(4) a = / m
2
, b = 1
52(iii). The energy eigenval ues of the system i s
(1)
2
2
1 1
n
2 2 m
| |
+
|
\

(2)
2
2
1 3
n
2 2 m
| |
+
|
\

(3)
2
2
1 1 e
w n
2 2 2mw
| |
+
|
\

(4)
2
2
1 3
n
2 2 2m
| |
+
|
\

53. The equation x
3
x
2
+ 4x 4 = 0 i s to be solved usi ng the Newton-Rephson method. If x = 2 i s taken
as the i ni ti al approxi mati on usi ng thi smethod will be


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Page 21

(1)
2
3

(2)
4
3

(3) 1
(4)
3
2

54. A mass m i s rel eased from rest at hei ght h. Fi nd the Hamil ton characteri sti c function of the system
(1)
1/2
2m(E mgz) dz

(2)
1/2
2m(E mgz) dz +

(3) 2m(E mgz) dz

(4) 2m(E mgz) dz +

55. At what temperature will the number of
2
mol ecules in the = 1 l evel be one-tenth of that i n the = 0
l evel? Gi ven :
= 214.6 cm
1
,
e
x
e
= 0.6 cm
1
, h = 6.63 10
34
Js, c = 3.0 10
8
ms
1
and k = 1.38 10
23
J/K.
(1) 155.3 K
(2) 135.5K
(3) 133.5 K
(4) 127.5 K

Answer key


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Que. Ans. Que. Ans. Que. Ans. Que. Ans.
1
3
16
4
31
3
45
2
2
1
17
1
32
3
46
4
3
3
18
4
33
4
47
4
4
4
19
3
34
2
48
1
5
1
20
2
35
2
49
4
6
2
21
1
36
2 50(i) 3
7
1
22
4
37
2 50(ii) 3
8 2 23 1 38 1 51 3
9 4 24 2 39 2 52(i) 1
10 4 25 2 40 3 52(ii) 2
11 2 26 2 41 1 52(iii) 3
12 2 27 1 42(i) 1 53 2
13 4 28 2 42(ii) 3 54 1
14 4 29 4 43 2 55 3
15 1 30 3 44 3

Solutions
PART A (1-15)
1.(3)
1 1 2 2
1 2
mD m D
w w
=

2
m 12 24 15
180 24

=
m
2
= 40

2.(1)
RA SA 9 9
PA PA
QA 7

= =
Diameter = PA + AQ

81 130
7
7 7
+ =
Radius =
Diameter
2

65
Radius
7
=

3.(3) R
1
+ R
2
= a
R
2
+ R
3
= b
R
3
+ R
1
= c
R
1
+ R
2
+ R
2
+ R
3
+ R
3
+ R
1
= a + b + c


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1 2 3
a b c
R R R
2
+ +
+ + =

4. (4) Value of each tool in 1985
=
7
3
10 10
18 10
[Since 1 crore = 10
7
]
=
5
5
9
Thousand

5.(1) The required percentage =
( )
18
100
360 18

(since tot al employed = 360 unemployed)
=
18 5
100 5 %
342 19
=

6.(2) This is an alternating multiplication and subtracting series: First, multiply by 2 and
then subtract 8.

7.(1) Total quantity of petrol =
4000 4000 4000
litres
7.50 8 8.50
| |
+ +
|
\

consumed in 3 years
2 1 2
4000 liters
15 8 17
| |
+ +
|
\

=
76700
litres
51
| |
|
\

Total amount spent = Rs. (3 x 4000) = Rs. 12000.
Average cost =
12000 51 6120
Rs. Rs.7.98
76700 767
| |
= =
|
\

8.(2) Let C. P.= Rs. 100. Then, Pr of it = Rs. 320, S. P. = Rs. 420.
New C.P. = 125% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 125
New S.P. = Rs. 420.
Prof it = Rs. (420 - 125) = Rs. 295.


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Required percentage =
%
295 1475
100 % 70% (approximately)
420 21
| |
= =
|
\

A student mult iplied a number by
3
5
instead of
5
3

9.(4) Each day of the week is repeated af ter 7 days.
So, af ter 63 days, it will be Friday. Hence af ter 63 days,
it will be Thursday.
Theref ore the required day is Thursday.

10 .(4)
4 51 126
40 min 1 hrs hrs.
5 75 75
= =
Time taken = 1 hr 40 min 48 sec = 1 hr
Let the actual speed be x km/hr.
Then,
5 126
x 42
7 75
=
x =
42 7 75
35km/ hr.
5 126

| |
=
|
\

11.(2) Given, Total prof it = Rs. 990
Rat ion of their capitals = 34 : 65.
Now, prof it amount got by P = 20% of total profit + Ps share in balance 80%
prof it f or his capital

34
0.2 0.8
34 65
(
+
(
+

= 470

12.(2) Now area = (1/6 1000)sq m = 5000/3 sq m
2x 3x = 5000/3 =>x x = 2500 / 9
x = 50/3
length = 2x = 100/3 m and breadth = 3x = 3 (50/ 3) = 50m

13. (4) Distance = (240 x 5) = 1200 km.
Speed = Distance/Time


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Speed = 1200/(5/3) km/hr. [We can write 1 hours as 5/3 hours]
Required speed = 1200 x 3 km/hr = 720 km/hr.
14.(4) As, 2 5 1 = 20
and 4 3 6 = 72
Similarly, 7 2 ? = 42

15.(1) According to question,

Theref ore, B F J Q is odd.

PARTB (16-35)
16.(4) From the property of di rac del ta function

f (x) (x a)dx f(a)

+

so,
0
[cos(3x) 2] (x )dx
+
+

Here f(x) = cos(3x) + 2
so, (x ) = (0)
x =
so,
0
[cos(3x) 2] (x )dx
= cos(3) + 2 = 1 + 2 = 1
17.(1) We know Fourier costransform i s
42
? 3
14
= =


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c
0
2
F f(x)cos sx dx

c
0
2
2 (1 ), 0 1
F ( ) f( )cos d
0, 1
<
= =
>

By inversi on formul a of F
c
(), we get
f() =
c
0
2
F ( )xcos d

=
( )
1
0 1
2 2
1 cos d 0 d
(
+
(

(

1
2
0
2 sin cos
f( ) (1 ) ( 1)
(
| | | |
=
| | (

\ \

=
2 2
2 cos 1
0 0
(
+
(

2
2(1 cos )
f( )

=

18.(4) (i i ) We have f
1
(s) = f
2
=(s) =
2 2
s
L{cosat}
s a
=
+

By convoluti on theorem

t
1
1 2 1 2
0
L {f (s)f (s)} F (y)F (t y)dy

t 2
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0
s s s
L L cos aycosa(t y)dy
(s a ) s a s a

| | | |
= =
` `
| |
+ + +
\ \
) )

=
t
0
1
[cosat cos(2ay at)]dy
2
+

t
0
1 1
y cosat sin(2ay at)
2 2a
(
= +
(

=
1 1 1
t cosat sinat [at cos at sin at]
2 a 2a
(
+ = +
(

19.(3) Reduced mass of two body system i s
M =
m 2m 2m
m 2m 3
=
+


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So, ki neti c energy T =
2
1 2m
x
2 3
| |
|
\

Potenti al energy of system V =
2
1
kx
2

So, Lagrangian L = TV

2 2
1 2m 1
L x kx
2 3 2
| |
=
|
\

Lagrangian equati on i s

d L L
0
dt x x
| |
=
|

\

d 2m
x (kx) 0
dt 3
(
=
(

2m
x kx 0
3
+ =

3k
x x 0
2m
+ =

20.(2) Cycl e 1 i s clockwi se so workdone duri ng cycl e 1 i sposi ti ve . Si milarl y cycle 2 i s anti clockwi se and
work done during cycle 2 becomes negati ve.
But area of cycle 2 is greater than area of cycle 1. So resultant work i s negati ve.

21.(1) Here the expressi on for F representsthe force between two charges in Webers el ectrodynami cs.
We have
2
r
2 2
1 r 2rr
F 1
r c
| |
=
|
\

Taking U = q q(A v) and F
r
=
2
U d U
r dt r
| |
+
|

\
i n usual notati on,

2
r
2 2
1 r 2r r
F 1
r c
| |
=
|
\

=
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 c r 2r r 1 c r 2rr
r c c r
| | | |
+ +
=
| |
\ \

2
p
V


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=
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 c 1 2rr r
c r c r
| |
+
|
\

=
2
2 2 2
1 1 2rr r U d U
r dt r r c r
| |
| |
+ = +
|
|

\
\

Yields,

2
U 1
r r
whi ch gi ves an i ntegration U =

1
r
= arbi trary constant say a functi on of r.
Assuming U =
2
2
1 1 r
,
r r c
| |
+
|
\
we get

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
U 1 r 1 1 r

r r c r r c r
| |
= + =
|
\

and
2
U 1 2r
r r c

so that
2
2 2 2
d U 2 d r 2 r r
dt r dt r c c r
| |
| | | |
= =
|
|
|
\ \
\

Thus
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
U d U 1 r 2rr 2r 1 r 2rr
1
r dt r r c r c r c r r c
| |
+ = + +
|

\

(on si mpli fi cati on)
Justi fies F
r
=
2 2
1 r 2rr
1
r c
| |
|
\

as gi ven
As such the general ized potential U
2
2
1 1 r
r r c
+

al so T
2 2 2
1
[r r ]
2
+

Lagrangian L = T U =
2 2 2 2
2
r r 1 1 r

2 2 r r c

22.(4) We know Fermi energy of el ectron

2/3
2 2
f
N
E 3
2m V
(
=
(

23
N 1 6.06 10
V M

=
=
23
1 6.06 10 0.97
23

=
N
V

= 2.5510
22
/cm
3
=2.55 10
28
m
3

m = 9.1 10
31
kg
So, E
f
=
34 2
2/3
2 28
31
(1.05 10 )
3 (3.14) 2.55 10
2 9.1 10
(
(


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= 0.66 10
37
[7542]
2/3
(10)
18

=
19
1/3
(754.2)
0.66 10 Joule
(754.2)

E
f
= 4.9710
19
J
E
f
=
19
19
4.97 10
eV 3.10eV
1.6 10

23.(1) Paramagnetic suscepti bili ty i sgi ven by

p
=
2
0 B
B F
n
k T

where
B
i s Bohr magneton = 9.3 10
24
J/tesl a

0
i s magnetic permeabili ty of free space = 4 10
7
hnry/m.
n i s no. of free electrons per uni t vol ume.
Assuming one free el ectron per atom the number of atoms per cubi c meter of potassi um i s
23 3
3
6.02 10 0.86 10
3.91 10

Hence no. of free el ectrons (per m
3
) n =
23 3
3
6.02 10 0.86 10
39.1 10

or n = 1.2 10
28
m
3

E
F
= k
B
T
F
or T
F
=
F
B
E
k

T
F
=
19
4
23
2.1 1.6 10
2.43 10 K.
1.38 10

Substi tuti ng the val ues we have

7 28 24 2
8
p
19
4 10 1.3 10 (9.3 10 )
420.5 10 .
21. 1.6 10

= =

24.(2) We know magneti c suscepti bili ty
=
2
2 0 B
N
g J(J 1)
3KT

+ =
2
0
N 4S(s 1)
3kT
+

For co
+2
having 3d
7
confi gurati on,
m
s
=


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s
1 1 1 3
m s
2 2 2 2
= = + + =

From grap
Slope
dy 1 4000 3000
dx T 20
= =

=
1000
50
20
=

1
50
T
=

7 2
0
4 10 N/ A
=

24 2
B
9.27 10 Am
=

K = 1.38 10
23
J/K
J = S = 3/2
g = 2
So,
2
0 B
3K( T)
N
3 5
4
2 2
=
| | | |

| |
\ \

=
23
7 24 2
3 1.38 10
4 10 (9.27 10 ) 15 50

26
N 5.1 10 =
25.(2) The magnetic fi el d at O i s

0 0 0 0
2

= + + = + 1+
4 R 8R 8R 8R
(
| |
(
|

\

B k k i i k

0
2

= q(v ) = q
8R
(

(
| |
+ + (
`
(
|
\ (

)

F B j i 1 k k
=
0
qv 2

+ 1+
8R
(
| |
(
|
\

k i

26.(2) We know E
f
= E
f(0)

2
2
B
f( 0)
K T
1
12 E
(
| |
(
|
|
(
\

Gi ven E
f(0)
= 7 eV = 7 1.6 10
19
J


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T = 3 10
4
K
So,
f
f(0)
E
E
=
2
2 23 4
19
1.4 10 3 10
1
12 7 1.6 10
(
(

=
2
2
0.2 3
1
12 1.6

(
(

= 1
2
9
12 64

= 1
2
(3.14) 3
4 64
= 1 .115

f
f(0)
E
0.88
E
=

27.(1) We know i n Raman effect
=4B
3
J
2
| |
+
|
\

So given 4B = 41.6 c.m
1

So, rotati on constant B =
1
41.6
10.4cm
4
=
B = 1040 m
1

We know B =
2
h
8 C

So, I =
2
h
8 BC

I =
34
2 8
6.6 10
8 (3.14) (1040) (3 10 )

I = 2.7 10
47
kgm
2

So, r

reduce mass Of HCl molecule
So,
H Cl
H Cl
M M
M M
=
+
=
23 2
23
(1 35) /(6.023 10 )
(1 35)/(6.023 10 )

+


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= 1.61 10
24
gm
= 1.6 10
27
kg.
So, r =
47
27
2.7 10
1.6 10

= 1.29 10
10
m
r 1.29A =

28.(2) Gi ven R
in
= R
1
= 120 k
R
f
= 600 k
V
i
= 1.2 V
V
0
= ?
For i nverting O.P Amp vol tage gai n
A
V
=
f f
in 1
R R
R R
= =
600
120

A
V
= 5
A
V
=
0
i
V
V

So, V
out
= A
V
V
i

= 5 1.2

out
V 6V =

29.(4) Gi ven
P
=
5
2

We know number of spectral level s (lines) i n
NMR i s = (2
p
+ 1)
2
5
2
+ 1
6 lines

30.(3) g = 2

5
=10


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R = 120 ohm
So, New resistance R = Rg

= 120 2 10
5

= 240 10
5

3
R' 2.4 10 ohm =

31.(3) x runs from 0 to (1y)
2
Fd xyz dx dy dz =

=
1 2
2
2
0 0
(1 y)
z y dy dz
2

`

)

=
1 2
2 2
0 0
1
z y(1 y) dy dz
2

`

)

=
1 2
2 3 2
0 0
1
z (y y 2y )dy dz
2
(
+
(

=
2
1 2 4 3
2
0 0
1 y y 2y
z dz
2 2 4 3
(
+
(

=
1
2
0
1 4 16 2.8
z dz
2 2 4 3
(
+
(

=
1
1 3
2
0
0
1 2 1 2 Z 1 1 1
z dz
2 3 2 3 3 33 9
| |
= = =
|
\

32.(3)

2 2 3
1 1 1
2 2 4
1 1 2
2 4
1 2
H H H P
H H He n
3 H He P n
+ +
+ +
+ +

m = (3M(
1
H
2
) M(
2
He
4
) M
P
M
n
)


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m = 3 2.014 4.001 1.007 1.008
m = 0.026 amu
So, energy E = m c
2
= 0.026 931 1.6 10
13
J
E = 38.72 10
13
J
So, energy of total deuteron
W = E
T
= 10
40
38.72 10
13
J
P =
W
t

t =
W
P
=
40 13
16
38.72 10 10
10

= 38.72 10
11

12
t 3.87 10 sec. =

33.(4) In pai r producti on process, electron-posi tron pai r i s produced. So,
h = E
+
+ E
+ 2m
0
c
2

E
+
kineti c energy of posi tron
E

ki neti c energy of electron
h i ncident photon energy
Gi ven E
+
+ E
= 0.01 MeV
Rest mass energy 2m
0
c
2
= 2 9.1 10
31
(3 10
8
)
2
J.
2m
0
c
2
= 1.02 MeV
So, h = 0.01 MeV + 1.02 MeV
h 1.03MeV =
34.(2) Photons are parti cl eshavi ng spin 1 (integer) and pions are spin l ess parti cl e so, they are Bosons.

35.(2) i s meson havi ng zero charge.
So, quark structure i s uu or dd
So, normal i zed quarkstructure i s

( )
1
uu dd
2
=
PARTC (36-55)
36.(2) We know f
(n)
(1) =
n 1
C
n! f(z)dz
,
2 i (z a)
+


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Page 35

Put f(z) = sin
6
z, whi ch i s anal yti c wi thi n and on the circle |z| = 1, whose centre i s z = 0 and radius 1,
al so put n = 2 and a =
1
,
6
whi ch li eswi thin the gi ven ci rcl e C, i n the above formul a then we get
f
6
3
C
1 2! sin z
dz.
6 2 i
1
z
6
| |
=
|
\
| |
|
\
.(1)
Now f(z) = si n
6
z whi ch gi ves f(z) = 6 si n
5
z cos z
and f(z) = 6[5 si n
4
z cos
2
z sin
6
z] = 6 si n
4
z (5 cos
2
z si n
2
z)
f( /6) = 6 sin
4

2 2
1 1 1
5 cos sin
6 6 6
(
| | | | | |

( | | |
\ \ \

= 6(1/2)
4
[5(3/2)
2
(1/2)
2
] = (3/32) [5(3) 1]
From (1) we have
6
3
C
sin z dz 21
i.
16
1
z
6
=
| |
|
\

37.(2) (i ) If we take a = 1, b = 1
then
1 2 2
1
A 2 1 1
3
2 1 1
(
(
=
(
(

A
T
=
1 2 2
1
2 1 1
3
2 1 1
(
(
(
(

A square finite matri x A i s said to orthogonal if
AA
T
=

T
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1
AA 2 1 1 2 1 1
3 3
2 1 1 2 1 1
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1 4 4 2 22 2 22
1
2 22 4 1 1 4 1 1
9
2 22 4 1 1 4 1 1
+ + + +
(
(
= + + + + +
(
(
+ + + + +

9 2 2
1
2 6 2
9
2 2 6
(
(
=
(
(

So, thi s i s not correct value of a, b.
(i i ) If we take a = 1, b = 2


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Then A
1 2 2
1
2 1 2
3
2 2 1
(
(
=
(
(

A
T
=
1 2 2
1
2 1 2
3
2 2 1
(
(
(
(

AA
T
=
1 2 2 1 2 2
1
2 1 2 2 1 2
9
2 2 1 2 2 1
( (
( (
( (
( (

=
9 0 0
1
0 9 0
9
0 0 9
(
(
(
(

=
1 0 0
1
9 0 1 0
9
0 0 1
(
(
(
(

=
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
(
(
=
(
(

So, the matrix i s orthogonal if a = 1, b = 2.

38.(1) of H.E. between A and C

C
A
A
T
1
T
| |
=
|
\

of engi ne =
C
A
T
1
T
| |
|
\

Here Q
2
=
1 1
C 3 C
A B
Q Q
T , Q T
T T
=
Total Heat rej ection
(Q
2
+ Q
3
) = Q
1
T
C

A B
1 1
T T
| |
+
|
\

Total Heat i nput = 2Q
1

of engine =
1 C
A B
1
1 1
Q T
T T
1
2Q
(
| |
+
(
|
\ (
(
(
(


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C C C
A A B
T T T
1
T 2T 2T
=
Mul tipl y both si de by T
A
and di vi de byT
C

or
A A A
C C B
T T T 1 1

T T 2 2 T
=
or
A A
B C
T T
(2 1) 2(1 )
T T
= +
39.(2) Energy ei gen val ue of three dimensi on wel l i s

2 2
2
E
2ma
+ +
2 2 2
x y z
(n n n ) ...(1)
gi ven E =

2 2
2
9
ma

E =

2 2
2
18
2ma
...(2)
compere equation (1) and equation (2).
+ + =
2 2 2
x y z
n n n 18
If n
x
= 4, n
y
= 1, n
z
= 1
then + + = + + =
2 2 2
x y z
n n n 16 1 1 18
So, possi ble val ues (combi nati ons) of n
x
n
y
n
z
are (n
x
, n
y
, n
z
) = (4, 1,1) (1, 4, 1), (1, 1, 4)
So, the state i s 3-fol d degenerate.

40.(3)
273
p
2 1
293
mc dT
S S
T
=

273
0.01 4.2 In kJ/ K
293
=
S
2
S
1
= 0.00297 kJ/K = 2.97 J/K

3 2
mL
S S
T
=
=
0.01 335 1000
273

S
3
S
2
= 12.271 J/K
268
p
4 13
273T
mc dT
4.2 268
S S 0.01 In kJ/ K
T 2 273
| |
= =
|
\


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= 0.3882 J/K
So, S
4
S
1
= S
2
S
1
+ S
3
S
2
+ S
4
S
3
= 15.63 JK
1

41.(1) For one-dimensi onal free electron gas, energy level separati on

2 2
2
n
E
2mL
So,
2
2
n'
E
L

42.(i)(1) We begi n by wri ti ng the Hami ltonian as

2 2 2 2 2 2
x y z z z
x z x x z x
1 1 1 1 1 1
H (L L L ) L L L
2 2 2 2 2 2
| | | |
= + + + = +
| |

\ \

where L i s the total angul ar momentum.
We know eigen values of L
2
= ( + 1)
2
and, L
2
= m
2
2 2
m
x z x
1 1
E ( 1) m
2 2 2
| |
= + +
|

\

So the eigenstates of the Hamil toni an are those of L
2
and L
z
, i.e., the s [hetri cal harmoni c wi th the
eigen energi es E
m
..
(ii)(3)
m m
x y z
Y ( , ) | (L L L ) | Y ( , ) + + >

m m
z
L L L L
Y ( , ) | L | Y ( , )
2 2i
+ +
+
| |
< + +
|
\

=
m m
z
Y ( , ) | L | Y ( , ) < >

= m
43.(2) Binding energy according to semimpiri cal mass formula
E
b
=a
v
A = a
s
A
2/3
a
c
z (z1) A
1/3
a
a
(A-2z)
2
A
1
apA
3/4

A nucli e will be most stabl e i sobar whi ch has maxi mum bi ndi ng energy.
For maxi mum bi ndi ng energy
E
b
=E
bmax
when
b
dE
0
dz
=
For maximum bindi ng energy
E
b
= E
bmax
when
dEb
0
dz
=
a
c
(2z1)A
1/3
+ 4a
a
(A 2z) A
1
=0

1/ 3
a
1/ 3 1
c a
aA 4a
z
2a A 8a A

+
=
+


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1/3
1/3
0.58(64) 4 19.3
8 19.3
2 0.58(64)
64
+

=
0.145 77.2
28.62
0.29 2.4125
+
=
+

z 29

44.(3) m = 36 g = 0.036 kg
T
1
= 30C = 303 K
T
2
= 523 K
(S)
water

=
P
373
mc n kJ/K
303
| |
|
\

= 0.03143 kJ/K
(S)
Vaporization
=
2
mL
T

=
0.036 2260
373

= 0.21812 kJ/K
(S)
Vapour
=
523
p
373
dT
mc
T

=
523
373
a
mR b CT dT
T
| |
+ +
|
\


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=
523
2
373
CT
mR a n T bT
2
(
+ +
(

=
523
2
373
CT
mR a n T bT
2
(
+ +
(

=
2 2
523 C
mR a n b (523 373) (523 373 )
373 2
(
+ +
(

= 0.023556 kJ/K
(S)
System
= (S)
water
+ (S)
vaporization
+ (S)
vapour
= 273.1 J/K.

45.(2) The intri nsi c impedances are

1
=
0
r1
120
129
8.5
= =
and
2
=
0
= 120
and the angl e of transmi ssi on i s gi ven by

t 0
sin15
sin 8.5

=

or
t
= 48.99
Then
r
0 0 i 1 t
i
2 i 1 t 0
E cos cos
cos cos E

=
+
= 0.623 or
r
0
E = 0.623 V/m

46.(4) Since the ki neti c energy of A after coll i sion i s one-ni nths of i tsi ni ti al kineti c energy, the momentum of
A after colli sion i s one-thi rd of i ts i ni tial momentum.
Since the momentum i s to be conserved, we have
p = p p/3 where p is i ni tial momentum of A and p i sthe momentum of B after the coll i sion.
[The final momentum of parti cl e A i s negati ve si nce i ts di recti on i s reversed].
Therefore, p = 4p/3
The ki neti c energy gained by parti cl e B due to the coll i sion is p
2
/2M where M i s the mass of parti cl e
B.
The ki neti c energy lost by parti cle A due to the colli si on i s (8/9)p
2
/2m.
[Note that the i ni tial ki neti c energy of parti cle A i s p
2
/2m and its fi nal ki neti c energy i s (1/9) p
2
/2m].
Since the ki neti c energy too is conserved in elasti c colli si ons, the ki neti c energy gained by parti cl e B
i s equal to the ki neti c energy lost by parti cle A. Therefore, we have
p
2
/2M = (8/9) p
2
/2m
Substi tuti ng for p = 4p/3, we have
(16/9) (p
2
/2M) = (8/9) p
2
/2m from which M = 2 m.


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Page 41

47.(4) The volume of water = 10
5

1
20
= 5000 cubic miles.
Massof water = 5000 (1.609 10
3
)
3
10
3
kg = 2.08 10
16
kg.
or No. of molecules of water = 2.08 10
16
6.02214 10
26
/18 = 6.97 10
41
mol ecules.
As the abundance of deuteri um i s 0.0156% so that the total number of deuterium atoms
= 6.97 10
41
2 0.0156 10
2
= 2.18 10
38
.
As the fusi on of 6 deuterium atoms gi ves an energy rel ease of 43 MeV, hence the total energy
rel eased = 2.18 10
38
(43/6).
= 1.56 10
39
MeV.

48.(1) The wave l ength (i n Angstrom uni t) of a photon of energy E (in el ectron vol t) i s gi ven by
E = 12400, very nearl y.
Therefore, = 12400/E
[The above expression can be easil y obtained by rememberi ng that a photon of energy 1 eV has
wave l ength 12400 and the energy i s inversel y proportional to the wave length].
Since E = 2 eV we have = 12400/2 = 6200 = 620 nanometre.
Photons wi th wave length greater than 640 nm wil l have energy l ess than 2 eV so that they will be
unabl e to produce electron hol e pai rsi n the semi conductor of band gap 2 eV. So the correct option i s
(1).

49.(4) Ci rcuit (i ) i s shown the l ogi c ci rcui t of AND GATE and here output
Y = A B
Ci rcuit (ii ) i s shown the logi c ci rcui t of OR GATE and output
Y = A + B
Simi larl y ci rcui t (iii ) i sshown the l ogi c ci rcuit of NOR GATE and output i s
Y = A B +
50(i).(3)Since f(z) = cosz
sinz
z

to fi nd zeros of f(z) put f(z) = 0
cos z
sinz
z
= 0


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3 5
2 4
z z
z .....
z z
3! 5!
1 ......... 0
2! 4! z
(
+
(
(
(
+ =
(
(
(

(

2 4 2 4
z z z z
1 ........ 1 ........ 0
2! 4! 3! 5!
| | | |
+ + =
| |
| |
\ \

z
2
1 1
........ 0
3! 2!
(
+ =
(

so z = 0 i s a zero of f(z) of order 2

50(ii).(3)
g(z) sinhz
zf (z) zcosz sinz
=
To fi nd polesz cos z si n z = 0

3 5
z z
z .......
2! 4!
(
+
(
(

3
z
z ....... 0
3!
(
+ =
(
(

3 5
1 1 1 1
z z 0
3! 2! 5! 4!
( (
+ + =
( (

g(z)
zf (z)
have pole at z = 0 of order 3
51.(3) The Lagrangian of a i s gi ven by
L = T V =
2 2 2 2
1
mr ( sin ) V(r, , ).
2
+

..(1)
In thi s case the only two generali zed co-ordinates are and , therefore there will be onl y two
Lagrangian equati ons, one i n and the other in .
The Lagrangian equati on i n coordinate i s given by

d L L
0.
dt
| |
=
|

\
..(2)
From equati on (1), we have

2 2 2
L L V
mr and mr si n cos

= =

Wi th these substi tuti ons, equati on (2) becomes

2 2 2
d V
(mr ) mr sin cos 0
dt
+ =

(3)


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The Lagrangian equati on for conservati ve system i n the vari abl e i s gi ven by

d L L
0
dt
| |
=
|

Agai n equation (1) gives

2 2
L V L
and mr sin

= =

(4)
Wi th these substi tuti ons equation (4) becomes

2 2
d V
(mr sin ) 0
dt
+ =

52(i).(1) We have E = Ex and we seek
( )
x,t such that
E = (1)
Since B = 0, we seeka gauge i n whi ch A = 0. Intergrati ng (1) we obtain (x) = - x + c, where c i s a
constant of integrati on. Let uschoose c = 0; then

( )
x x = (2)
The total Hamil toni an i s

2
2 2
p 1
H m x x
2m 2
= + (3)
The fi rst term on the right-hand si de of (3) i s the standard kineti c term, the second term i s the
harmoni c osci ll ator potenti al energy, and the thi rd term i s the el ectri cal potenti al energy.

52(ii).(2) We wi ll now wri te part (i ) eq.(3) i n the foll owing form:
H
y
=
2
y
2 2
y 0
p
1
m y H
2m 2
+ + (4)
Where H
0
i s a constant and y = ax + b. Consi der the ki neti c term. We see that p
y
= p
x
, so a = 1. Now we
can substi tute y = x + b into (4) and obtain
H
y
=
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
x x
0 0
p p
1 1 1
m x b H m bx m b H
2m 2 2m 2 2
+ + + = + + + (5)
From Eq. (3) of part (i ) we see that H
x
= H
y
onl y i f b = /m
2
and H
0
=
2
/ 2m
2
.

52(iii).(3) To conclude, i f we perform the coordi nate transformati on y = x /m
2
, we get a one-dimensional
harmoni c osci ll ator with no charge, and the energy eigenval ues of a one-dimensi onal harmoni c
osci llator are


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n
1 1
E w n
2 2
| |
= +
|
\
..(6)
Correspondi ng to the ei genstate
n
| . We have a shi fted harmoni c oscil lator; thus, the energy
eigenval ues are now.
En =
2
2
1 1 1
n
2 2 2 m
| |
+
|
\

53.(2) f(x) = x
3
x
2
+ 4x 4
f(x) = 3x
2
2x + 4
f(2) = 8 4 + 8 4 = 8
f(2) = 12 4 + 4 = 12

n
n 1 n
n
f(x )
x x
f '(x )
+
=
x
n + 1
=
( )
8
2 2 2/ 3 4/ 3
12
= =

54.(1) Taking earth as reference l evel for zero potential energy, we have
V(q) = mgz ..(1)
The Hami lton-Jacobi equation for Hami ltons princi pal functi on i s

2
1 S S
V(q) 0
2m q t
(
| |
( + + =
|

(
\

..(2)
The fi rst term i n bracket i s function of q only, whil e the second term i s function of t onl y, therefore
each term must be equal to the same constant wi th opposi te signs.

2
1 S
i.e. V(q)
2m q
S
and
t
| |
+ =
|

\
`

=

)
...(3)
Then we have S = W(q, )t,
...(4)
W being a constant of integrati on.


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Page 45

As
s W
,
q q

=

therefore the Hamil ton-Jacobi equati on for Hamil tons characteri sti c functi on W takes
the form

2
1 W
V(q)
2m q
| |
+ =
|
\
...(5)
Thi s gi ves
{ }
W
2m V(q)
q
(
=

...(6)
Integrati ng above expressi on, we get
W =
{ }
1/2
2m V(q) dq (

...(7)
Now { }
1/2
S W
p 2m V(q)
q q

(
= = =

...(8)
and
S W
t

= =

=
{ }
1/2
2m V(q) dq t

i .e.
1/ 2
m dq
t
2
[ V(q)
+ =
...(9)
The Hami ltonian of system i s
H =
2
p
mgz E
2m
+ = = ...(10)
From (9)
1/2
1/2
m dz m 2
t (E mgz)
2 2 mg [E mgz]
| |
+ = =
|
\

=
1/2
1 2
(E mgz)
g m
...(11)
Thus
2
2
1 2
( t)
m g
+ = (E mgz)
Sol ving for z, we get
z =
2
1 E
g( t)
2 mg
+ + ...(12)
Initial condi ti ons are
At t = 0, z = h, v =
z 0 =
and so p =
mz 0 =
...(13)
Usi ng (12), equations(10) and (12) yiel d


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Page 46

E = mgh, h =
2
1 E
g
2 mg
+
Sol ving these equati ons, we get = 0
Now p =
W
mz mgt using(12)
z
= =
...(14)
Thuswe have from (12) and (14)
2
1
z h gt
2
p mgt
=

`
=
)
...(15)
These are requi red equationswi th S = W Et
where
1/2
W (2m) (E mgz) dz =

55.(3) From Maxwell -Boltzmann di stributi on law, the number of mol ecul es in the th state relati ve to that i n
the = 0 (l owest) state at T Kel vin temperature i s gi ven by

0
G ( )hc/ kT
0
N
e
N
=
=
G( ) G(0)hc /kT
e ,

where G() =
2
e e e
1 1
x
2 2
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ \

2
e e e e e
( n x n x n)hc /kT n
0
N
e
N

=

For the n = 1 l evel , we have

e e e
( 2 x )hc / kT
1
0
N
e
N

=
Here
1 1 1
e e e
0
N 1
, 214.6cm and x 0.6 cm (given)
N 10
= = =

1 1
( 214.6cm 1.2 cm )hc /kT
1
e
10
=
or
1 1
(213.4 cm )hc /kT (21340m )hc / kT
10 e e = =
Taking natural l ogarithm:
Log
e
10 = (21340 m
1
) hc/kT.


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T =
1
21340 m hc
2.303 k

=
34 8 1
1
23 1
(6.63 10 Js)(3.0 10 ms )
(9266 m )
1.38 10 JK

= 133.5 K.

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