Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

systematic development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse impact of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.
- UN/ISDR, 2004

aimed at minimizing vulnerabilities and increase capacities throughout a society, to:

- avoid (prevent) or - limit (mitigate and prepare)

the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.

Batch 1: Training on the Guidelines for Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development and Physical Framework Planning

24-28 March 2008, Clark, Pampanga

Mainstreaming DRR

..the process of assessing the implications of disaster risk on any planned development action - from the policy to the program implementation in all practice areas and at all levels. - UNDP, 2003 Batch 1: Training on the Guidelines for Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development and Physical Framework Planning 24-28 March 2008, Clark, Pampanga

Disaster Risk Management (DRM) involves different public policy components or strategies:
risk

three

assessment perceptions, social estimations); and

(which includes individual representation, and objective

risk reduction (prevention/ mitigation-preparedness); disaster

management (response rehabilitation reconstruction).

and

recovery:

What is DRM?
systematic process of using administrative decisions, organization, operational skills & capacities to implement policies, strategies & coping capacities of the society or individuals to lessen the impacts of natural & related environment & technological hazards. This comprises all forms of activities, including structural and non-structural measures to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of hazards.

- UN/ISDR, 2004

The progression of Vulnerability

growth

Adapted from : Blaikie(1994)

Disaster Risk Assessment and Management

Operational Framework, Risk Assessment & Management
Hazard Characterization

Frequency Analysis

Consequence Analysis

Risk Estimation
Risk Analysis

Risk Evaluation

Risk Assessment
Development of DRR measures

Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of DRR measures

Risk Management

Outputs: Risk maps and vulnerability maps become tools for developing spatial development policies ( ex. settlements avoiding high risk areas)

Hazard Characterization
-Affected Population -Pre-emptive Evacuation -Houses -Resources

Hazard Inventory

Frequency Analysis
-Probability of occurrence

Consequence Analysis
-Potentially affected property -Potentially affected population -Potential for damage -Potential for fatality

2 Risk Estimation
-Risk to fatality -Risk of property damage

Risk Maps

Risk Evaluation
-Risk ranking of areas -Vulnerability analysis

Disaster Risk Management

Pre-Event Post-Event

HFA 2005-2015
building the resilience of communities to disasters

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Reactive
Disaster Response

Proactive
Disaster Risk Reduction

Emergency Specialists Hazard Scientists

Risks Specialists Economic Managers Development Planners

DM Trends in RP
< up to 70s
Disaster Response - Relief and Rehabilitation

80s

Disaster Preparedness and Response - measures taken prior, during and shortly after disaster event (relief & rehabilitation)
Disaster Preparedness and Response Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) - Disasters and Development

90s - 2000

2001- to 2009

Disaster Risk Management Natural Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRM) - Puts emphasis on actions taken in addressing disaster risks and vulnerability of communities to hazards

HAZARD - a phenomon, event, occurrence w/c has the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property and the environment 1. NATURAL 2. HUMAN-MADE VULNERABILITY The conditions determined by social, physical, economic to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the impact of a natural hazard. Interchangeably used for unsafe conditions, fragile, unstable when referring to livelihoods, buildings, infrastructures.
examples:

a) dangerous location b) houses made of light materials c) conflict in the community d) lack of knowledge & skills on preparedness and protective measures e) helplessness and dependence

RISK the chance of an event to take place and to inflict impact to the community

 Knowledge,

skills, resources, abilities present in individuals, household and the community which enable them to prevent, prepare for, survive and recover from a disaster

OCCURS

WHEN A HAZARD HITS A VULNERABLE COMMUNITY WITH LOW CAPACITY, RESULTING IN DAMAGE, LOSS AND SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF COMMUNITY

 COVERS

ALL ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASING CAPACITIES AND REDUCING IMMEDIATE VULNERABILITIES BEFORE DURING AFTER

MITIGATION

R= H x V C
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the hazard? What vulnerabilities? What elements are at-risk? What constitute capacities? Which one is the most at risk?

rday

agara

ocil

 Hazard

striking a vulnerable community causing damage of life and property Bigger VULNERABILITY = Bigger the DR Bigger CAPACITY = Smaller the DR disaster risk = hazard X vulnerability CAPACITY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

Why do we give warning

1. to inform
2. to advise protection, response preparedness, mitigation

3. to instruct what to do next

1. WARNING- is the relay to individuals, groups or population of messages w/c provide them with information
The existence of danger/detection that a disaster will occur Effectiveness of transmitting warning information

Facilities to receive and assess warning information

2. EVACUATION
PRECAUTIONARY is undertaken on warning indicators prior to impact POST-IMPACT move persons from a disasterstricken area in to a safer place/evacuation center 3. ACTIVATION OF THE RESPONSE SYSTEM

4. COORDINATION OF RESPONSE OPERATIONS

WHY USE A COMMUNITYBASED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT (CBDRM) APPROACH

They are the first front-line responders

they undertake precautionary measures and respond to disaster even before outside help comes.

focus from emergency management to disaster risk management recognizes the importance of community involvement

More

disaster have been happening, leading to massive losses

People

in the community suffer most from any disaster

WHAT IS THE CBDRM APPROACH?

ACTIVITIES, MEASURES, PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS TO REDUCE DISASTER RISKS ARE PRIMARILY DESIGNED BY PEOPLE LIVING IN HIGH-RISK COMMUNITIES AND ARE BASED ON THEIR URGENT NEEDS AND CAPACITIES.

FEATURES OF CBDRM
Peoples participation community is the main actor and propeller, directly shares in the benefits of risk reduction Recognizes existing capacities and survival or coping strategies

AIMS

OF CBDRM

REDUCE VULNERABILITIES
AND

INCREASE CAPACITIES

PRINCIPLES OF CBDRM
Participatory in both process and
Community involvement in assessing the risk, identifying solutions to its problems and possible measures to reduce risk; community shares directly in the benefits of disaster management and development

INTEGRATED
Disaster management activities before, during and after disaster; linkage with other communities and the various levels of the disaster management system

NAGPAPASALAMAT PO SA INYO!

Presented by
PHILIP B LABUGUEN

WORKSHOP ON MULTIHAZARD MAPPING Locally-driven Hazard maps

Hazard Characterization
Objective 1. To characterize the Hazard 2. To Identify the vulnerable in the communityo Approach and Summary

The sequences for this stage are: 1. Prepare an inventory of the hazards 2. Describe the hazards 3. Prepare/draw a hazard maps 4. Indicate the total no. of affected Persons, Families, Houses, Pre-emptive Evacuation (if there is)

Socioeconomic data Statistics of population is based on the community survey Damage Data

Covers direct damage generated by community survey property damage, injuries, affected people and loss of life Indirect damage such as disruption in economic activities, destruction of fishponds, crops poultry and other agric products

Batch 1: Training on the Guidelines for Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development and Physical Framework Planning

24-28 March 2008, Clark, Pampanga

Risk Identification and hazard/vulnerability assessment Requirements: Draw a locally driven hazard maps in the barangay - Bond paper size
1. Identify the Hazard 2. Identify the evacuation center (if there are evacuees) 3. Legends: a) Total No. of Pre-emptive Evacuation b) Total No. of affected Population c) Total No. of affected Households d) Total No. of affected Houses

Sample 1 Barangay

Legend:

Nansiakan, Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya Landslide (Hazard )

House
River Road Mountain

Total No. of Pre-emptive evacuation . ??? Total No. of affected Persons ??? Total No. of affected Families ??? Total No. of affected Houses ???

Sample 2 Barangay

Legend:

Barangay Bauan East , Solana, Cagayan Flood Prone (Hazard )

House
River Road Mountain

Total No. of Pre-emptive evacuation . ??? Total No. of affected Persons ??? Total No. of affected Families ??? Total No. of affected Houses ???

Sample 3 Municipal
Pagbangkeruan Pared Baybayog

Alcala, Cagayan Seasonal Flooding (Hazard ) Legend:

flooded
River Road Mountain

LOW MODERATE HIGH

Total No. of Pre-emptive evacuation . ??? Total No. of affected Persons ??? Total No. of affected Families ??? Total No. of affected Houses ??? Total No. of affected Brgys ???

Assignment: To be presented and submitted tomorrow NO ASSIGNMENT, NO CERTIFICATE

AGYAMANAK! TI PINAGDENG-NGEG

Presented by
PHILIP B LABUGUEN