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Open Circuit Saturation Curve of an Alternator

Raeven de Quiroz #1, Karl Joseph C. Villaria#2


Department of EECE, MapuaInsitute of Technology Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
1 2

raevendequiroz@yahoo.com

villarinakarl@yahoo.com

Abstract an alternator is a device that transforms mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current(ac). The Goal of this experiment is to observe the behaviours of an AC Synchronous Generator and obtain the open circuit saturation curve. The behaviour construction and behaviour of an Alternator is explained throughout the experiment. After the experiment, the relationships or behaviour observed for an alternator is that the induced voltage is directly proportional to both the phase terminal voltage and the field current. Keywords Alternator, mechanical energy, terminal voltage, field current

I. INTRODUCTION A Synchronous generator, AC generator or Alternators are the principal sources of electrical power throughout the world, and range in size from a fraction of a KVA to 1500MVA. These are the most common sources of electrical power in the world. Most alternators are driven externally by mechanical powers such as Steam Turbine Generators and DieselPowered Generators.

The Steam to the turbine affects the power angle of a synchronous machine. Even a partial amount of steam to the turbine causes in the decreases in the synchronous motor power angle. At a time wherein the turbine can carry the entire pump load, the synchronous motor will operate at no load and its power angle will be zero. A Synchronous generator can be categorized as rotating-armature or rotating field type. Rotating-armature type is when the armature winding is on the rotor and the field system is on the stator. Rotating-field type is the armature winding is on the stator and the field system is on the rotor. The Alternator is comparable to a DC Generator due to both being able to produce terminal voltages. In a synchronous machines, the armature has an AC winding where the output voltage flows while the field windings which can be the rotor is connected to a DC supply for excitation. The objective of this experiment is to observe the behaviours of an AC Synchronous Generator and obtain the open circuit saturation curve. II. METHODOLOGY The Goal of this experiment is to observe the behaviours of an AC Synchronous Generator and obtain the open circuit saturation curve. The Equipments used in performing the experiment are shown below with the respective initial settings: FH2 MkIV Test Bed at Speed Range 1800 rev/min, Armature Rheostat to infinity, Field Rheostat to zero, and DC Supply to 110V. FH100 Slip Ring Machine: Test Machine, FH50 DC Compound Machine, A2 DC Ammeter - 500-mA Range, V2 DC Voltmeter - 150-V Range, V3 AC Voltmeter - 250-V Range, R1 Resistive Load - 2000-ohm Rheostat set to infinity.

Diagram 1. AC Synchronous Generator Synchronous generators are usually functioned together, developing a large power system providing electrical energy to the masses or customers. The Prime Mover is the source of the mechanical power of a synchronous generator.

Figure 1. Wiring Diagram of the Stator Circuit of the Alternator

Figure 2. Wiring Diagram of the Rotor Circuit of the Alternator

Figure 3. Actual Connection The alternator was start from rest with an initial Ef of zero. For a reading of the Induced voltage, there will be a field current reading, and the three phase voltages. The value of the induced voltage is controlled by the resistance, R1, through the rheostat. Decreasing the rheostat resistance increases the induced voltage. For every increasing value of the induced voltage, the field current and phase voltages are recorded. In part 2, the procedure is just the same but decreasing.

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