22-4.

The speed of longitudinal waves in a certain metal rod of density 7850 kg/m
3
is
measured to be 3380 m/s. What is the Young's modulus for the metal?
2
; ;
Y Y
v v

= = Y = v
2
= (7850 kg/m
3
)(3380 m/s)
2
; Y = 8.97 x 10
10
Pa
22-8. Find the fundamental frequency and the first three overtones for a 20-cm pipe at
20
0
C if the pipe is open at both ends. v

= 331 m/s + (0.6 )(30
0
) = 343 m/s.
1
(1)(343 m/s)
; 858 Hz
2 (2)(0.20 m)
n
nv
f f
l
= = = f
1
= 858 Hz
(First overtone, n = 2) f
n
= nf
1
; f
2
= 2(857.5 Hz) = 1715 Hz
22-8 (Cont.) (2nd overtone, n = 3) f
n
= nf
1
; f
2
= 3(857.5 Hz) = 2573 Hz
(3rd overtone, n = 4) f
n
= nf
1
; f
2
= 4(857.5 Hz) = 3430 Hz
22-10. What length of closed pipe will produce a fundamental frequency of 256 Hz at
20
0
C?
(1)(343 m/s)
;
4 4(256 Hz)
n
nv
f l
l
= = ; l = 0.335 m; l = 33.5 cm
22-16. What is the intensity level in decibels of a sound whose intensity is 4 x 10
-5
W/m
2
?
-5 2
-12 2
0
4 x 10 W/m
10log 10log
1 x 10 W/m
I
I
| = = ; | = 76.0 dB
22-18. A 60 dB sound is measured at a particular distance from a whistle. What is the
intensity of this sound in W/m
2
?
6
0 0
10log 60 dB; 10 ;
I I
I I
| = = = I = (10
6
)(1 x 10
-12
W/m
2
); I = 1 x 10
-6
W/m
2


22-26. A stationary source of sound emits a signal at a frequency of 290 Hz. What are the
frequencies heard by an observer (a) moving toward the source at 20 m/s and (b) moving
away from the source at 20 m/s? (Approach = +, recede = -)
0
0
343 m/s + 20 m/s
290 Hz
343 m/s - 0
s
s
V v
f f
V v
+ | |
= =
|

\ .
; f
0
= 307 Hz
0
0
343 m/s + (-20 m/s)
290 Hz
343 m/s - 0
s
s
V v
f f
V v
+ (
= =
(

; f
0
= 273 Hz
*22-33. A 500-Hz sound source is heard by a stationary observer at a frequency of 475 Hz. What
is the speed of the train? Is it moving toward the observer or away from the observer?
0 0
0
0 475 Hz
; ; 0.950
500 Hz
o
s
s s s s
V v f f V
f f
V v f V v f
+ +
= = = =


0.950; 0.95 0.95 ; 0.95 0.05
s s
s
V
V V v v V
V v
= = =

0.05(343 m/s)
0.950
s
v

= ; v
s
= -18.1 m/s, away
The negative sign means the train is moving away from the observer.
22-37. A 40-g string 2 m in length vibrates in three loops. The tension in the string is 270 N. What
is the wavelength? What is the frequency?
2 2(2 m)
;
3
l
n
= = = 1.33 m
(270 N)(2 m)
0.040 kg
Fl
v
m
= =
v = 116 ft/s;
116 m/s
1.33 m
v
f

= = ; f = 87.1 Hz
*22-39. What is the length of a closed pipe if the frequency of its second overtone is 900 Hz on a
day when the temperature is 20C?
The second overtone for a closed pipe occurs when n = 5, and v = 343 m/s.
5(343 m/s)
;
4 4(900 Hz)
n
nv
f l
l
= = ; l = 47.6 cm