Mechanical Engineering (TME-101)

Tutorial Sheet 01(SOM) Simple Stresses & Strains

Q-1 A hollow circular cylinder is made of cast iron and has an outside diameter of 75 mm and an inside diameter of 60 mm. The cylinder measures 600 mm in length and is subjected to axial compressive load of 50 KN. Neglecting any possibility of lateral buckling of the cylinder, determine the normal stress and shortening in length of the cylinder under this load. Take the modulus of elasticity of cast iron to be 100 GPa. Make calculations for minimum diameter of a steel wire which is required to raise a load of 6 KN. Presume that the wire can sustain a maximum stress of 120 N/mm2. Also calculate extension in 3 m length of wire. Take modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa. The following data were recorded during tensile test made on a standard tensile test specimen : Original diameter and gauge length = 15 mm and 60 mm Minimum diameter at fracture = 10 mm Distance between gauge points at fracture = 75 mm Load at yield point and at fracture = 40 KN and 45 KN Maximum load that specimen can take = 70 KN. Make calculations for (a) yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and breaking strength (b) % elongation and % reduction in area after fracture (c) nominal stress and true stress at fracture. x2 The cross-sectional area of a bar is given by 100 + mm2 where x in mm, 100 is distance of the section from one end. Make calculations for increase in length of the bar when a tensile load equivalent to 20 KN is applied on a length of 150 mm. The value of elastic modulus for the bar material is 200 GN / m2. A steel flat plate AB of 10 mm thickness taper uniformly from 100 mm to 50 mm width in a length of 400 mm. How much will be the elongation of the plate if a tensile axial force of 50 KN is made to act upon it. Take modulus of elasticity E = 2 105 N / mm2. An aerial copper wire ( E = 1 105 N / mm2 ) 40 m long has cross sectional area of 80 mm2 and weighs 0.6 N / m. If the wire is suspended vertically, calculate : (a) the elongation of wire due to self-weight, (b) total elongation when a weight of 200 N is attached to its lower end, (c) maximum weight which this wire can support at its lower end if the limiting value of stress is 65 N / mm2. A vertical rod of 4 m length is rigidly fixed at upper end and carries an axial tensile load of 50 KN. Calculate extension of the bar if the rod tapers uniformly from a diameter of 50 mm at top to 30 mm at bottom. Take density of material = 1 105 Kg / m3 and Youngs modulus = 210 GN / m2. The bar shown in fig. is subjected to an axial pull of 150 KN. Determine the diameter of the middle portion if stress is limited to 125 N / mm 2. Determine the length of this middle portion if total extension of the bar is specified as 0.15 mm. Take modulus of elasticity of bar material E = 2.5 105 N/mm2.

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A steel tie rod 50 mm in diameter and 2.5 m long is subjected to a pull of 100 KN. Calculate the % change in extension produced under the same pull by boring the rod centrally for 1.2 m length; the bore being 25 mm in diameter. For steel modulus of elasticity is 2 105 N / mm2. Q-10 A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P 1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in fig. Calculate the force P3 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 120 KN, P2 = 220 KN and P4 = 160 KN. Determine also the net change in the length of the member. Take modulus of elasticity E = 200 GN / m2.

Q-11 A square bar of 25 mm side is held between two rigid plates and loaded by a axial pull equal to 300 KN as shown in fig. Determine the reactions at end A and C and elongation of portion AB. Take E = 2 105 N / mm2.

Q-12 A rod ABCD rigidly fixed at the ends A and D is subjected to two equal a opposite forces P = 25 KN at B and C as shown in fig. Make calculations for the axial stresses in each section of the rod.

Q-13 Two copper rods and one steel rod lie in vertical plane and together support a load of 50 KN as shown in fig. Each rod is 25 mm in diameter, length of steel rod is 3 m and length of each copper rod is 2 m. If modulus of elasticity of steel is twice that of copper, make calculations for the stress induced in the rod. It may be assumed that each rod deforms by the same amount.

Q-14 A beam weighing 500 N is held in horizontal position by three wires. The outer wires are of brass of 1.2 mm diameter and attached to each end of the beam. The central wire is of steel of 0.6 mm diameter and attached to the middle of the beam. The beam is rigid and the wires are of the same length and unstressed before the beam is attached. Determine the stress induced in each of the wire. Take Youngs modulus for brass as 80 GN / m2 and for steel as 200 GN / m2. Q-15 A mild steel tube of external diameter 80 mm and internal diameter 60 mm is enclosed centrally inside a brass tube of same length and having external diameter 100 mm and internal diameter 80 mm. The ends of the tubes are brazed together and the composite arrangement is subjected to an axial pull of 25 KN. If modulus of elasticity for steel and brass are 200 GPa and 100 GPa respectively and tube length is 30 cm, make calculations for the load carried and shortening in length of each tube. Q-16 A circular rod of 100 mm diameter and 500 mm length is subjected to a tensile force of 1000 KN. Determine the modulus of elasticity, bulk modulus and change in volume if Poissons ratio = 0.30 and Youngs modulus = 2 105 N / mm2. Q-17 A steel bar of rectangular section 50 mm 30 mm and length 1.5 m, is subjected to a gradually applied load of 150 KN. Find the strain energy stored in the bar. If the elastic limit of the material of the bar is 150 N / mm2, determine the proof resilience and modulus of resilience. Take E = 2 105 N / mm2. Q-18 Three bars of the same length have their areas of cross-section in the ratio 1:2:3. Make a comparison in the strain energy of these bars when (a) acted upon by equal loads, (b) subjected to equal stresses. Q-28 A bar 3 m long and 5 cm diameter hangs vertically and has a collar securely attached to the lower end. Find the maximum stress induced when (a) a weight of 2.5 KN falls from 12 cm on the collar (a) a weight of 25 KN falls from 1 cm on the collar. Take E = 2 105 N / mm2.