LandNavigation TableofContents

PreparatoryNotestoInstructor ........................................................................ 1 SessionNotes .................................................................................................. 5 LearningActivity:GridReferenceFourFigure ................................................. 7 LearningActivity:GridReferenceSixFigure.................................................... 8 LearningActivity:CombinedExercises .......................................................... 11 LearningOutcomeAssessment ..................................................................... 13

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

PreparatoryNotestoInstructor

Background
Alackofinfrastructure,trafficsignsandroadsignsinmissionareascanlead toinadequatetransportandroadsystems.UNPoliceisofteninsituationsthat requiretheabilitytonavigateusingavailableequipmentsuchastopographical maps,compassorglobalpositioningsystem(GPS).Withoutanadequatelevel of comprehension of the various equipment and methods and the ability to navigate safelyin mission environment, the function of the UNPolice can be limitedandthesafetyofthepoliceofficeratrisk.

Aim
Tofamiliarizeparticipantswith:

thenecessaryskilltoenablethemtonavigateusingmaps,compass andGPS.

LearningOutcomes
OncompletionofLandNavigationModule,participantswillbeableto: 1. Interprettheinformationonamapandbeabletoreadamap. 2. Demonstratetheuseofdifferentgridreferencesystemsandbeableto establishcoordinatesandgridreferences. 3. Explainthemainprinciplesofusingacompass. 4. ExplainthemainprinciplesofusingGPS.

TrainingSequence
It is suggested that the module is delivered during one to two training units, depending on participants skills and additional time should be allocated for practiceduringafieldexercise.

Duration
Minimum SessionTime 105 minutes Additional Options Lecture/Presentation 20min MissionSpecific asneeded Questions/Assessment 15min. OptionalFilm SessionActivities 70min.activity OptionalActivity

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

Methodology
Thismoduleishighlydependentonwhatmaterialthetrainerhasavailableand requireadjustmentsaccordingly. Itisrecommendedthatthismoduleiskeptaspracticalaspossibleandwillbe conductedpredominantlybasedontasksandexercisesonwhichbasicdetails can be explained. The module is best delivered if at least teams of two can shareamapandcompass. Itisfurthermorerecommendedtoextendthemoduletopracticalexercisesin theterrainandifpossibleduringawiderpeacekeepingexerciseinthefield.

IntroductiontoMaps GridReferences MeasuringDistances IdentifyShapesMaptogroundandgroundtomap Functionanduseofcompass Practicalexercises

5. BasicfunctioningofGPS * Please Note: It is up to the learning institution to decide whether the learning assessment questions are used informally in a group question and answersession,oriftheyareprovidedtotheparticipantsasawrittenquiz.In either case, it is recommended that the correct answers are provided at the end of the assessment in order to ensure participants are clear on the key messages. Instructorsareencouragedtoaddexamples and missionspecificinformation relatedtothespecificdeploymentofparticipants,ifknown.

InstructorProfile
Thismoduleisbestpresentedbyaninstructorwhohaspracticalexperiencein landnavigationandwithknowledgeofmissionconditionsinthisregardshould presentthemodule.

InstructorPreparations
RequiredReadings

http://www.ema.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(A80860EC13A 61F5BA8C1121176F6CC3C)~ASM_Map_Reading.pdf/$file/ASM_M ap_Reading.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/4020131/MapReadingNavigation

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation GeneralPreparations Equipment: 1. ComputerandPowerPointslides 2. ProjectorandScreen 3. DVDandspeakersiffilmisbeingused Materials: 1. Maps 2. Compasses 3. Whiteboard 4. Protractor 5. GPS

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

SymbolsLegend

F
[

NotetotheInstructor(Somebackgroundinformationforconsideration) Speaking Points (The main points to cover on the topic. Ideally the speakingpointsarepresentedintheinstructorsownwordsversusbeing readtoparticipants) Mission Specific (A point where the session will benefit from mission specificinformation) Example(Storiesthatillustrateapointorkeymessage) Samplequestions(Alistofpotentialquestionstoposetoparticipants)

Handout(Indicatesahandoutisprovidedtoparticipantsatthispoint) Film (A film that is recommended as a core part of the training or an option) Core Learning Activity (An activity that is strongly recommended for inclusion) Optional Learning Activity (An activity that can be used if there is time and it is appropriate for the participant group. Guidelines for these activitiesareprovidedattheendoftheunit,sectionorpartasindicated inthetext)

Keysummarypoints(Keymessagesthatareworthrepeatingattheend
ofthesession.Alternatively,theinstructorcanaskparticipantswhatare the main messages they are taking from the session. Instructors can thenfillinanypointsthathavebeenmissed.)

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

SessionNotes

LandNavigation

Slide1

FNotetoInstructor:Givetheparticipantsabriefexplanationwhytheyshould
payspecialattentiontothismodule.Referto:BackgroundinthePreparatory NotestotheInstructor. Aim Theaimofthismoduleistoprovideparticipantswiththe necessaryskilltoenablethemtonavigateusingmaps, compassandGPS.
Slide2

LearningOutcome Oncompletionofthemodule,participantswillbeableto:

Slide3

Interprettheinformationonamapandbeabletoread amap. Demonstratetheuseofdifferentgridreference systemsandbeabletoestablishand6digitgrid references. Explainthemainprinciplesofusingacompassandbe abletodeterminebearingsanddistancesbetween locationsonamap. ExplainthemainprinciplesofusingGPS.

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

StructureofthePresentation

Slide4

IntroductiontoMaps GridReferences MeasuringDistances IdentifyShapesMaptogroundandgroundtomap Functionanduseofcompass Practicalexercises BasicfunctioningofGPS

MapInformation

Slide5

General TitleInformation ProductionInformation UniversalGRIDreference NorthPoints ScaleandContourInterval Legend WatercourseInformation IndextoAdjoiningMaps

FNotetoInstructors:Basedonmapavailable,gothroughthevarious
informationcontainedonthemap. MapReferences MapReferencesmaybegivenby:
Slide6

GeographicCoordinates GridReferences

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation GridReferences Agridistwosetsofequallyspacedparallellines.

Slide7

Eastings(Vertical) Northings(Horizontal) 4FigureGridReference(GridSquare)

Onekilometeraccuracy. Gridlineintervalgenerally1000meters. Readeastingsfirst,thennorthings.

FNotetoInstructors:Inthiscontext,GeographicCoordinatesaremainly
usedforGPS. GridReferenceFourFigure
Slide8

LearningActivity:GridReferenceFourFigure
Thepurposeofthisgroupdiscussionactivityisforparticipantstobecome familiarwithafourdigitgridreference. LearningActivityTimeRequired: 5minutes 10minutes 5minutes Totaltime: 20minutes foractivityintroductionandinstructions forworksmallgroupsdiscussions forsmallgroupreportsinlargegroup* *totaltimedependentnumberofgroups

FActivityGuidelines:
1. Basedonthemapyouhaveavailable,askparticipantstoidentifya4digit gridreferenceofalocationonamap. 2. Usethisexampletoexplainthepracticalities. 3. Askparticipantstopresenttheirresultsintheplenary(thelargegroup). 4. Complementtheresultswiththeexpectedoutcome.

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

FExpectedOutcome:
Definedbytheactualtasks.

FNotetoInstructors:Whenthegeneralunderstandingofidentifyingthegrid
reference has been obtained, continue with a number of similar tasks to consolidatetheskills. GridReferencesSixFigure
Slide9

6FigureGridReference EastingandNorthingeachdividedintoten

100meteraccuracy

LearningActivity:GridReferenceSixFigure
Thepurposeofthisgroupdiscussionactivityisforparticipantstobecome familiarwithasixdigitgridreference. LearningActivityTimeRequired: 5minutes 10minutes 5minutes Totaltime: 20minutes foractivityintroductionandinstructions forworksmallgroupsdiscussions forsmallgroupreportsinlargegroup* *totaltimedependentnumberofgroups

F ActivityGuidelines:
1. Basedonthemapyouhaveavailable,askparticipantstoidentifya6digit gridreferenceofalocationonamap. 2. Explain or demonstrate on i.e. white board the subdivision of the grid squareinten/100msections. 3. Askparticipantstopresenttheirresultsintheplenary(thelargegroup). 4. Complementtheresultswiththeexpectedoutcome.

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

FExpectedOutcome:
Definedbytheactualtasks.

FNotetoInstructors:Whenthegeneralunderstandingofidentifyingthegrid
reference has been obtained, continue with a number of similar tasks to consolidatetheskills. ScalesandDistances
Slide10

MapScales MeasuringStraightDistances

FNotetoInstructors:Basedonthemapavailable,exercisetheidentification
ofdistancebetweenlocations(gridreferences). TheCompass CompassTypes: CompassCard,OrientingLinesandArrow TakingGridBearings SettingaMagneticBearing
Slide11

FNotetoInstructors:Basedonthecompassavailable,explainthefeatures
ofthecompass. NorthPoints ThreeTypesofNorth:
Slide12

TrueNorth GridNorth MagneticNorth

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

10

LandNavigation Bearings Abearingisadirectionfromonepointtoanother. BearingsareangelsmeasuredclockwisefromNorth. Anglesaremeasuredindegrees.

Slide13

MeasuringBearings Measureangle(bearing)usingaprotractororSILVA compass AlwaysmeasuretheanglefromGridNorthgoing clockwise Twotypesofbearings

Slide14

GridBearingusedwithMapandCompass Magneticbearingusedwithgroundandcompass

FNotetoInstructors:Demonstrateandexercisehowtoorientatethemapto
terrainbasedonmagneticnorth. Basedonmapandcompassavailable,demonstrateandthereafterexercise theparticipantsinidentifyingbearingsbetweenlocationsonthemap. Demonstrateandexercisethedeterminingthebearingfromyourlocationto locations in your surrounding (best done in terrain but can also be applied throughclassroomwindows) MagneticVariation TheanglebetweenGridNorthandMagneticNorthis calledMagneticVariation OrMagneticDeclination Shownonthemapmarginalinformation MagneticVariationisspecifictoeachmap
Slide15

FNotetoInstructors:Forinformationandawarenessonly.Beawarethatthe
magnetismofacarcaninfluencethecompass.Insomeoccasionsminerals in the ground can influence the compass. The effect of the magnetic north polevariesdependingonthelocationontheplanet.

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

11

LearningActivity:CombinedExercises
Thepurposeofthisgroupdiscussionactivityisforparticipantstobecome familiarwithalltheactivitiesinvolvedinlandnavigation. LearningActivityTimeRequired: 5minutes 15minutes 10minutes Totaltime: 30minutes foractivityintroductionandinstructions forworksmallgroupsdiscussions forsmallgroupreportsinlargegroup* *totaltimedependentnumberofgroups

F ActivityGuidelines:
1. Basedonthemapyouhaveavailable,askparticipantstoidentify4and6 digitgridreferenceofalocationonamap. 2. Askparticipantstoorientatethemaptotruenorth. 3. Askparticipantstoidentifybearinganddistancesbetweenlocationsonthe map. 4. Askparticipantstopresenttheirresultsintheplenary(thelargegroup). 5. Complementtheresultswiththeexpectedoutcome.

F ExpectedOutcome:
Definedbytheactualtasks. WhatisGPS
Slide16

Asatellitebasednavigationsystemmadeupofa networkof24satellites Originallyintendedformilitaryapplicationsbut availableforcivilianuseinthe1980s. Itworksinanyweatherconditions,anywhere,anytime withnosubscriptionfeesorcharges

FNotetoInstructors:DependingonavailabilityofGPS,thisisforinformation
onlyandexplainsshortlythemainfunctioningofGPS.IfequippedwithGPS inthemissionfurthertrainingandfamiliarizationisrequired.

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

12

LandNavigation HowDoesitWork?
Slide17

GPSsatellitescircletheearthtwicedailyinvery preciseorbit GPSusestriangulationtocalculateexactlocation Theycomparethetimeasignalwastransmittedbya satellitewiththetimeitwasreceived TimedifferencestelltheGPShowfarawaythe satelliteis Withmeasurementsfrommoresatellitesthereceiver determinesposition,whichisdisplayedontheunit

HowDoesitWork?(continued)

Slide18

Threesatellitescalculatea2Dposition(latitudeand longitude)andtrackmovement Fourormoresatellitescalculate3Dposition(latitude, longitudeandaltitude GPSunitcanthencalculateotherinformation,suchas

Speed Bearing Track TripDistance DistancetoDestination Timeofsunsetandsunrise

SummaryofKeyPoints Landnavigationisakeycompetencythatwillsupport yourpersonalsecurityandwillbeatoolforyour achievementoftasks. Alwaysbeawarewhereyouare. Dontleaveyourdutylocationforunknownterrainwithout sufficientpreparationandmeanssecuritybriefing, sufficientmaps,sufficientcommunicationmeans. Inpeacekeepingyoumustalwaysbepreparedfortheun expected

Slide19

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009

LandNavigation

13

LearningOutcomeAssessment
It is up to the learning institution to decide whether the learning assessment questions are used informally in a group question and answer session, or if they are provided to the participants as a written quiz. In either case, it is recommended that the correct answers are provided at the end of the assessmentinordertoensureparticipantsareclearonthekeymessages. Attheendoftheentireunitand/ortheconclusionoftheSTMsinstructorsmay wanttochoosesomeofthefollowingquestionsforreview. Questions 1. Interpretvarioussymbolsfromthemaplegend. 2. Identifythegridreferenceonlocations(symbols)onthemapandvice versa. 3. Explainthemainprinciplesofusingacompassbyorientingthemap accordingtothemagneticnorth. 4. Establishcompassbearingbetweenthetraininglocationtoapointvisible fromthelocation. 5. ExplainthemainprinciplesofusingGPSandestablishthecoordinatesfor thetraininglocation.

FExpectedOutcome
1. Mapinformation(ref.slide5) 2. Useofgridreferences(ref.slide7) 3. Useofcompass(ref.slide11and12) 4. Useofcompass(ref.slide11and12) 5. UseofGPS(ref.slide19and20)

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009