EXPERIMENT 1 SIMPLE AND FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Juan Gabriel V. Amador, Mark Angelo C. Amoroso, Ron Joseph E. Bartolo, Edgar Dominic A. Bongco and Ma. Yasmin I. Bascon Group 1 2B Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory

ABSTRACT
In this experiment, several test tubes which were previously calibrated to 0.5mL were used to collect the distillate once distillation had begun; the temperature at which each distillate was collected was recorded. Collection of distillate ceased once the temperature of the sample reached 100.A flame test was performed on the distillates from both the first test tube and the last test tube; this demonstrated that towards the end of distillation, % alcohol in the distillate decreased. Using the data regarding the starting volume of vodka sample, total volume of vodka sample recovered, and volume of liquid remaining in the distilling flask, the total volume of vodka sample lost was calculated for.

INTRODUCTION
The objective of the experiment was to differentiate simple from fractional distillation through the separation of components of an alcoholic beverage, and to calculate the percentage of ethanol in the beverage. Simple distillation was used by odd-numbered groups, while fractional distillation was used by evennumbered groups. Antonov brand vodka of 80 proof or 40% alcohol was used as the sample.

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EXPERIMENTAL
A. Compounds tested/Samples used Antonov 80 proof Vodka (40% ethanol) B. Procedure 1. Simple distillation A simple distillation set-up was used in this procedure. In its simplest incarnation, it consisted of the following: an alcohol lamp, a distilling flask, boiling chips, a still head, a thermometer, a condenser, an adapter, and a receiver. Multiple test tubes were used as receivers in this experiment. The simple distillation set-up was carefully assembled by the group, and 30mL of vodka was introduced into the distilling flask. The vodka was heated to its boiling point by rotating an alcohol lamp. The temperature at the first drop of distillate was recorded. 0.5mL each of the distillate was collected in test tubes. Once the temperature reached 100, collection was ceased. A flame test was conducted on 3-5 drops of distillate from the first collection, and repeated on 3-5 drops of distillate from the second collection. 2. Fractional distillation A fractional distillation set-up was used in this procedure. In its simplest incarnation, it consisted of the following: an alcohol lamp, a distilling flask, boiling chips, a fractionating column, a still head, a thermometer, a condenser, an adapter, and a receiver. Multiple

The fractional distillation set-up was carefully assembled by the group, and 30mL of vodka was introduced into the distilling flask. The vodka was heated to its boiling point by rotating an alcohol lamp. The temperature at the first drop of distillate was recorded. 0.5mL each of the distillate was collected in test tubes. Once the temperature reached 100, collection was ceased. A flame test was conducted on 3-5 drops of distillate from the first collection, and repeated on 3-5 drops of distillate from the second collection.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Data 1. Observations during flammability test

First distillate: The sample was flammable and when ignited, produced a light-blue flame. Last distillate: The sample was not flammable and therefore could not be ignited. 2. Percentage loss and percentage alcohol by volume (computations) Data regarding the volume of distillate collected, total volume of vodka sample (Sv) recovered, Sv lost, and liquid remaining in the distilling flask was recorded and is as follows: Liquid remaining in distilling flask: 11mL Distillate collected: 17mL Sv lost: Percentage loss: ( ( ) ) Percentage alcohol by volume:

Table 1. Temperature at which distillate was collected

Temperature 80 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 95 96 96 96 97 Volume of distillate collected 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL

Table 2. Components of the distillates based on the flammability test

Distillate First Second Components Ethanol Water

B. Discussion 1. Observations during flammability test The first distillate was flammable, while the last distillate was not flammable. This is likely due to the first distillate having a high percentage of alcohol remaining in its solution, while the last distillate had a low percentage of alcohol in the solution and was mostly composed of water. When ignited, the first distillate produced a light-blue flame, which is a characteristic displayed by ignited ethyl alcohol (ethanol). 2. Percentage loss and percentage alcohol by volume Two milliliters of the vodka sample were lost, most likely due to evaporation, a loose distillation set-up, or spillage. This equates to a Regarding the computation for percentage alcohol by volume, two inflection pounts were taken from Table 1. The first inflection point, wherein 2.5 milliliters of distillate were collected, all at the temperature of 84, is used as the numerator for the equation. This equates to a 3. Temperature at which distillate was collected