2002 Amphibians Vietnam

Russian Journal of Herpetology
Vol. 9, No. 2, 2002, pp. 81 - 104
HERPETOFAUNA OF VIETNAM, A CHECKLIST. PART I. AMPHIBIA Nikolai L. ~ r l o v , 'Robert W. ~ u r ~ h Natalia ~ : B. ~ n a n j e v a , ' Sergei A. ~ ~ a b o vand : Ho Thu cuc4
Submitted May 9, 2002. All the species of amphibians and reptiles of Vietnam including new records and recently described species are listed in the checklist. At present the fauna of amphibians of Vietnam includes 147 species which divided into 35 genera and 9 families. Key words: Amphibia, Vietnam, checklist.
INTRODUCTION During the last decade interest in the fauna of ~ ~ d ~ and ~ vietnam h i ~ in particular, ~ , has been intensive. Bourret (1942) listed 78 species of Vietnamese amphibians; Nguyen and Ho (1996) indicated 82 species; and 1nge; et al. (1999)'en-erated 100 species. At present, Vietnam is known to have 147 species of amphibians divided into 35 genera and 9 families, plus several undescribed species. The checklist, Part I of the Herpetofauna of Vietnam, a checklist, summarizes the diversity of Vietnamese amphibians. Future lists will summarize the diversity of reptiles. Class Amphibia Linnaeus, 1758 Order Anura Rafinesquue, 1815 Family Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825 Bombina Oken, 1816. Bombina microdeladigitora Liu, Hu et Yang, 1960 Bombina microdeladigitora C.-C. Liu, S.-Q. Hu, and F.-H. Yang 1960, Acta Zool. Sinica, 12(2), 157.
Type locality. Huang-tsiao-ling (= Huangcaoling), Ching-tung (= Jingdong County), Yunnan province, China; 2240 m.
Distribution. Yunnan and Hubei provinces, China and northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces).
[Tian and Hu, 1985; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al,, 20001,
Family
Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850
Brachytarsophrys Tian et Hu, 1983 Brachytarsophrys feae (Boulenger, 1887). Megalo~hQ'sfEae A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva. Ser. 2, 12.
43
Type locality. East of Bhamo, Kakhien Hills, Upper Burma (= northern Myanmar). Distribution. Northern Myanmar; northern Vietnam; and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (Xizang Autonomous Region, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces), China.
[Taylor, 1962; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois. 1980; Frost, 1985; Ye et al., 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; ~ h a and o yang, 1997; ~ a o and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov ,I,, 20001,
Brachytarsophrys intermedius (Smith, 1921) Megalophiys intermedius M. A. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,439.
Type locality. Langbian (= Lang-Bian) Plateau (Lam Dong province), Southern Annam, Vietnam; 1500 m. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Dac Lac, Gia Lai, and Kon Tum provinces). Note. Specimens from Buon Luoi (area of Kon Ha Nyng), indicated as Braclz~vtarsophlyscarinensis (Inger et all., 1999) must be assigned to Brachvtarsophlys intermedius.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1980; Frost, 1985; Rao and Yang, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
' Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: azemiops@zin.ru Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada. E-mail: amyl@rom.on.ca (Amy Lathrop); drbob@rom.on.ca (Robert W. Murphy) Tula Exotarium, Oktyabr'skaya ul., 26, Tula 300002, Russia. E-mail: rept@tula.net Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Nghia Do, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
1026-2296/2002/0902-0081 O 2002 Folium Publishing Company
82
Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838 Leptobrachium banae Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998. Leptobrachium banae A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Russ. J. Herpetol., 5(1), 58 - 59.
Type locality. Gia Lai province, Vietnam (14O20'29" N, 108O28'46" E, 850 m, forested hills about 2 km to the east of KO Rong village, Kannack district, Gia Lai province). Distribution. known only from the type locality from Tay-Nguyen Plateau in the southern part of Annam.
[Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Leptobrachium xanthospilum Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptobrachium xanthospilum A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Russ. J. Herpetol., 5(1), 57 - 58.
Type locality. Gia Lai province, Vietnain (14'20'29" N, 108'28'46" E, 850 in) [forested hills about 2 km to the east of KORong Village, Kannack District, Gia Lai province]. Distribution. Known only from Gia Lai province, southern Vietnam.
[Lathrop et al., 1998; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et a]., 2000.1
Leptobrachium chapaense (Bourret, 1937). Megophys hasseltii chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 4(14), 18 - 20.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin, 1500 m (Lao Cai province, Vietnam). Distribution. Southeastern mountain regions of Tonkin and northern Annam (Vietnam); Hengduan Shan Mountains (Yunnan, China); northern Laos; northern Thailand; Karin region of Myanmar; western Meghalaya (India). Note. The type species of Leptobrachiurn is Leptobrachiurn hasseltii [type locality: "Java," Indonesia; designated lectotype by Dubois and Ohler, 19981. Leptobrachiurn hasseltii occurs only on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo (Indonesia); the Philippine form is not conspecific with that from Java [Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Durnerilia, 4(1):24]. Specimens from Vietnam; China (Yunnan and Guangxi); India; Laos; Myanmar and Thailand previously assigned to L. hasseltii must be refrred to L. chapaense. Leplobrachiurn hainanense Ye et Fei, 1993 occurs on Hainan Island only.
[Bourret, 1937, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Dubois and Ohler, 1998; Lathrop et al., 1998; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Leptolalax Dubois, 1980 Leptolalax bourreti Dubois, 1983. Leptolalax bourreti A. Dubois, 1983, Alytes, 2(4), 150 - 151.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Vietnam, 220211N, 103"501E. Distribution. Northern Vietnam.
[Bourret. 1942; Dubois, 1980; Dubois, 1983; Nguyen and Ho, 1996: Frost. 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et a]., 20001.
Leptolalax nahangensis Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptolalax nahangensis A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Amphibia-Reptilia, 19,260 - 266.
Type locality. 7 km to east of of Pac Ban village (22O19'94" N, 105"25'79" E, 314 m), Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. Distribution. Tuyen Quang province, northern Vietnam.
[Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001
Leptolalaxpelodytoides (Boulenger, 1893) Leptobrachitrrn pelodytoides G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 2(13), 345.
Type locality. Thao, Karin Bia-Po, Karin Hills, Burma (= Myanmar); restricted to Thao, by lectotype designation. Distribution. Hong Kong, Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, and Fujian provinces (China), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia (Malaya Peninsula).
[Boulenger, 1893, 1908; Pope, 1931; Pope and Boring, 1940; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980,1981, 1983; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Lathrop et al., 1998b; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et a]., 20001.
Leptobrachium pullum (Smith, 1921) Megalophrys hasseltii var. pullus M. A. Smith, 1921, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1921,440.
Type locality. Arbre Broyi [Lang Biang (= Lang Bian Plateau), Lam Dong province, southern Annam, Vietnam]. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and southern Vietnam [Lang Bian Mountain Plateau (Lam Dong province, southern Annam)]. Note. Specimens of L. pullum from Buon Luoi Village, Kannack District, Gia Lai province (Inger et al., 1999, pp. 4-5) are Leptobrachiurn xanthospilurn.
[Bourret, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980, 1983; lnger, 1983; Manthey and Grossmann, 1997; Dubois and Ohler, 1998; Lathrop et al., 1998a; lnger et al., 1999; Matsui et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Leptolalaxpluvialis Ohler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000 Leptolalax pluvialis A. Ohler, 0 . Marquis, S. Swan, and S. Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, 13(1/2), 74, 76 - 78.
Type locality. Fan Si Pan mountain range (22'19' N, 103'47' E, 1900 m), Lao Cai province, Vietnam. Distribution. Known from Lao Cai province, northwestern Vietnam.
[Orlov et al., 20001.
Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amph

Leptolalax sungi Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptolalax sungi A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov and C. T. Bo, 1998, Amphibia-Reptilia, 19, 254 - 260.
Type locality. Tam Dao (21'27'31" N, 105O38'61" E, elevation 925 m), Vinh Phu province, Vietnam. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.
[Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 2000.1
Megophrys lateralis (Anderson, 1871) Ixalus lateralis J . Anderson, 187 1, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 40(2), 29.
Type locality. Western Yunnan (China) by D. R. Frost, 1985, Amphibian Species of the World: 415. (The type locality is not defined since Anderson visited Yunnan province in China as well as Burma (= Myanmar) where this species is known [Zhao and Adler, 19931. Distribution. China Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hong Kong provinces; eastern India; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Northern Thailand; Vietnam. Note. Fei and Ye (2000) stated that in the original description of Ixalus laterails Anderson did not include obvious Megophys-like characters, suggesting the description was not of a Megophys, but Philautus, of which Ixalus is a junior synonym. They propose the species name, Megophys lateralis, be returned to an earlier synonym, Megophys major Boulenger 1908.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Pope and Boring, 1940; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Duna, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Fei, 1999; Fei and Ye, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001
Leptolalax tuberosus Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999 Leptolalax tuberosus R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana Zool., 92, 5 - 7.
Type locality. Kon Cha Rang mountain area, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam (14'20' N, 108'28' E, 1000 - 1200 m). Distribution. Known only on the southern part of Tay-Nguyen Plateau, southern Vietnam.
[Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Megophrys Kuhl et van Hasselt, 1822 Megophrys brachykolos Inger et Romer, 1961 Megophrys brachykolos R. F. Inger and J. D. Romer, 196 1, Fieldiana Zool., 39, 533-538.
Type locality. The Peak (= Shan Teng), Hong Kong Island, 300 - 400 m, China. Distribution. Hong Kong and Lantau islands and adjacent peninsula on mainland China; northeastern Vietnam.
[Inger and Romer, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999: Orlov et a].. 20001.
Megophrys longipes Boulenger, 1886 "1885" Megalophrys longipes G. A. Boulenger, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1885,850.
Type locality. The mountains of Perak, Straits of Malacca, Malaysia (Malaya), 3300 feet (1000 m). Distribution. Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia (Malaya), Laos and Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1942; Pope, 1931; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Megophrys jingdoilgensis Fei et Ye, 1983 Megophrys jingdongensis L. Fei and C.-Y. Ye, 1983, in L. Fei, C.-Y. Ye and Y.-Z. Huang, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(2), 5 1 .
Type locality. Jingdong County, Yunnan province, China; 2600 m. Distribution. Yunnan, China; northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai province). Note. Some authors consider this form a subspecies of
Megophrys minor Stejneger, 1926 Megophrys minor L. Stejneger, 1926, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 39, 53.
Type locality. Kwanhsien (= Guan Xian, now Dujiangyan Shi), 55 km northwest of Chengtu (= Chengdu), Szeshwan (= Sichuan) province, China, 3000 feet (915 m). "On mountain, about 3000 feet (915 m) altitude, above Kwanghsien, 55 km northwest of Chengtu [= Chengdu], Szechwan [= Sichuan], China." Distribution. Guizhou, Xizang (= Tibet), Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangxi, China; northwestern Vietnam.
[Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Megophrys omeimontisjingdongensis.
[Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Megophrys kuatirrtertsis (Pope, 1927) Megalophrys kuatunensis C. H. Pope, 1929, Am. Mus. Novitates, 352, 1-2.
Type locality. Kuatun (= Guadun) Village, Chungan Hsien (= Choangan), northwestern Fukien (= Fujian) province, China; 5500 - 6000 feet (1670 - 1830 m). Distribution. Fujian, Hunan and Zhejiang, China; northern Vietnam. Note. Closely related to Megophrys boettgeri and Megophrys minor, according to Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nut. Hist., 61,444.
[Pope, 1931; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Orlov et al., 20001.
Megophrys pachyproctus Huang, 1981 Megophrys pachyproctus Y.-Z. Huang, 1981, in Y.-Z. Huang and L. Fei, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 6(2), 1-3.
Type locality. Gelin of Medo Xian (= Medog County), Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), China; 1530 m. Distribution. From the type locality and northwestern Vietnam. Note. See in Ophryophrynepachyprocta.
[Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellmann, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Huang et al., 1998; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
84 Megophrys palpebralespinosa Bourret, 1937 Megophiys palpebralespinosa R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Irzstr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 16.
Type locality. Chapa, Tonkin (Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam; Yunnan, China.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20001.
Nikolai L. Orlov et al. Ophryophrynepoilatli Bourret, 1937 Ophryoph~yne poilani R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 8.
Type locality. Dong-Tam-Ve (Quang Tri province, central Annam), Vietnam; 800 m. Distribution. Known only from Vietnam in the central and southern part of the Annam mountains and TayNguyen Plateau at the elevations between 600 and 1500 m (Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Quang Tri provinces); reported to occur also the adjacent part of Chyong Shon range (= Annam mountains) in eastern Laos and northeastern mountain regions of Cambodia.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellman, 1993; Inger et al.. 1999; Orlov et al., 20001.
Megophryspawa (Boulenger, 1893) Leptobrachium pawum G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 2(13), 344.
Type locality. Karin Bia-Po, Yado, Burma (= Myanmar), [designated by L. 0. Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 69,2 111. Distribution. Central and eastern Nepal; Sikkim, Darjeeling (West Bengal), Assam and Meghalaya (India); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; southern Xizang Autonomus Region (= Tibet) and Yunnan (China); northwestern Vietnam.
[Boulenger, 1908; Bourret, 1942; Capocaccia, 1957; Liu and Hu, 1961; Duhois, 1982; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Dutta, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Hbrissaphora Liu, 1945 Hbrissaphora ailaonica Yang, Chen et Ma, 1983 Vibrissaphora ailaonica D.-T. Yang, H.-J. Chen, and D.-S. Ma, 1983, in D.-T. Yang, D.-S. Ma, H.-J. Chen, and F.-L. Li, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 8, 325-327.
Type locality. Xujiaba, Mount Ailao, Jingdong County, Yunnan, China; 2400 m. Distribution. Yunnan, China, and northwestern Vietnam.
[Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dubois and Ohler. 1998; Fei, 1999; Ho et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000 (as Leptobrachium echinatum); Orlov et al., 20001.
Oph-ryophryneBoulenger, 1903 ~ ~ h r y o ~ h r microstoma yne Boulenger, 1903 Ophryophryne microstoma G. A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 187.
Type locality. Man-Son (= Mao-Son) Mountains (Lang Son province), Tonkin, Vietnam; 3000 - 4000 feet (915- 1220111). Distribution. Central and Northern Vietnam (southern border of distribution in Dac Lac and Lam Dong provinces); Southern Yunnan and Guangxi, China.
[Liu and Hu, 1962; Yang et al., 1991; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Family Bufonidae Gray, 1825 Bufo Laurenti, 1768 Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829 Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1, 58.
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Southern Myanmar; Malaya Peninsula (Thailand and Malaysia); Sumatra, Borneo and Java (Malaysia and Indonesia); discovered in southern Vietnam on the border of Gia Lai and Dac Lac provinces to the northwest of Plei Tung Thang Town at approximately 700 m; apparently, reported to occur in southern Laos and Cambodia.
[Taylor, 1962; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1966, 1972; Berry, 1975; Frost. 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1996; Manthey und Grossmann, 1997; Rao et al., 1998; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Ophryophrynepachyproctus Kou, 1985 Ophryophryne pachyproctus Z.-T. Kou, 1985, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 4, 4 1.
Type locality. Zhushihe, Mengla County, Yunnan province, China; 1000 m. Distribution. Southwestern China and northern Vietnam. Reported to be present in northern and eastern Laos. Note. OphiyophiynepachyproctusKou, 1985 is a junior homonym of Megophrys pachyproctus Huang, 198 1 [Duellman (1993) considers Ophiyophryne a subgenus of Megophiys, suggested by Dubois (1980). Further he considers in connection with distinct generic status the both names as acceptable]. We consider Megophiys and Ophiyophiyne as distinct genera and accordingly 0. pachyproctus and M. pachyproctus as valid names of two different taxa.
[Duhois, 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.
Bufo cryptotympatricus Liu et Hu, 1962 Bufo cryptotymparzicus C.-C. Liu and S.-Q. Hu, 1962, Acta Zool. Sinica, 14 (Suppl.), 87.
Type locality. San-men of Hua-ping, Lung-shen-hsien (= Longsheng County), Kwangsi (= Guangxi), China; 870 m. Distribution. Southern China and northern Vietnam.
[Hu et al., 1984; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 20001.
Bufo galeatus Giinther, 1864 Bufo galeatus A. Giinther, 18643 Reptiles of British India, London:42 1.
Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Holotype. BM 1947.2.2 1.13 (formerly 60.8.28.25). Type locality. Gamboja (= Cambodia). Distribution. Indochina and Hainan Island (China).
[Bourret, 1942; Hu et al., 1984; Zhao and Adler; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Liu et a]., 2000; Ziegler and Herrmann, 20001.
85
Bufo tienhoensis Bourret, 1937 Bufo tienhoensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 11.
Type locality. Tonkin: Col de Tien-Ho, sur la route de Hanoi a Langson (= Lang Son province) [Vietnam]; 300 m. Distribution. Northern Vietnam. Note. Considered as junior synonym of Bufo melanostictus by Dubois and Ohler (1999).
[Bourret, 1937; Bourret, 1912; Frost, 1985; Frost, 20001.
Bufo macrotis Boulenger, 1887 Bufo macrotis G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Getzova. Ser. 2, No. 5, 422.
Type locality. Bhamo, Teinzb, and Me-tan-ja in the Kakhien Hills, Burma (= Myanmar). Restricted to Teinzh by lectotype designation (Capacaccia, 1957). Distribution. Indochina.
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Family Subfamily
Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815 Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815
Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799 Bufo melatzostictus J. G. Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., Jena, l , 2 16.
Type locality. "India orientali." Distribution. Southwestern and southern China including Taiwan and Hainan, throughout southern Asia to Sri Lanka and Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali (Indonesia).
[Okada, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Hu et al., 1984, 1985; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et a]., 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Liu et al., 2000; Ziegler and H e m a m , 2000; Semenov, 20011.
Hyla Laurenti, 1768 Hyla annectans (Jerdon, 1870) Pokpeclates annectans T. C . Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1870, 84.
Type locality. Khasi Hills, Assam, India. Distribution. Southern Asia from southeastern Himalayas region (India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, and Meghalaya) through northern Burma and Thailand to Vietnam and southern China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces).
[Bourret, 1942; Pope, 1931; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Inger et al., 1990; Ye et al., 1993; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Chanda, 1994: Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.
Bufopageoti Bourret, 1937 Bufo pageoti R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Itzstr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 9.
Type locality. Tonkin: Fan-Si-Pan, 2500 m, (pr6s Chapa, province de Laokay) [Sa Pa District, Lao Cai province, Vietnam]. Distribution. Northern Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.
Hyla chinensis Giinther, 1859 Hyla arborea var. chinensis A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 108.
Type locality. China; given by Boulenger, 1582,
Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll.Brit. Mus., London, p. 382, as

"China," "Formosa," and "Chusan?." Distribution. Central and southeastern China including Taiwan, northward to Henan; northern Vietnam.
[Pope, 1931; Okada, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.
Species of Bufo genus doubtfully reported from Vietnam Bufo andrewsi Schmidt, 1925 Bufo andrewsi K. P. Schmidt, 1925, Am. Mus. Novitates, 175, 1
Type locality. Likiang, Yunnan province, China; 8500 feet (2590 m). Distribution. Southwestern China: Sichuan and Yunnan northward to Shaanxi and Henan; also reported from Zhejiang and Guangxi provinces. There is a report about discovery in northern Vietnam. Note. It is likely that Bufo andrewsi record from northwestern Vietnam was based on the erroneous determination an possibly refers to Bufo cryptotvmpanicus.
[Hu et al., 1984; Matsui, 1986; Borkin and Matsui, 1987 "1986"; lnger et al., 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Macey et al., 1998; Frost, 20001.
Hyla simplex Boettger, 1901 Hyla chinensis var. simplex 0. Boettger, 1901, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Gesellsch., 1901(2), 53.
Type locality. Phuc-Son (= Phuc San, Ha Tinh province), Annam, Vietnam. Distribution. Southern China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hainan Island); Vietnam and northeastern Laos.
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ziegler und Weitcus, 19991.
86
Family Subfamily Ranidae Rafinesque, 1814 Raninae Rafinesque, 1814

Type locality. Kon Cha Ran, (60 km northwest of the town of Kannack - 14'20' N, 10S036' E) An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 1000 nl. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces).
[Frost, 2000; Bain and Truong, 20021.
Atnolops Cope, 1865 Amolops chapaensis (Bourret, 1937). Rhacophorus buergeri chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Inst. Publ. Hanoi, 4,44 - 46.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa, Lao Cai province, northwestern Vietnam). Distribution. Yunnan (China); northern Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Yang, 1991; Duellman, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.
Amolops viridimaculatus (Jiang, 1983) Staurois viridimaculatus Y .-M. Jiang, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(3), 71.
Type locality. Dahaoping, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China; 1980 m. Distribution. Yunnan, China and northern Vietnam.
[Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.
Atnolops chunganensis (Pope, 1929) Rana chunganensis C. H . Pope, 1929, Am. Mus. Novitates, 352, 3.
Type locality. Kuatun (= Guadun) village, northwestem Chungan Hsien (= Chongan County), Fukien (= Fujian) province, China; 4500 - 5000 feet (1370 - 1520 m). Distribution. Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and Yunnan, China. Discovered in northern Vietnam on the Fan Si Pan Mount (Sa Pa, Lao Cai province) at an elevation of about 1900 m.
[Liu, 1950; Pope, 1931; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang, 1991; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.
Chaparana Bourret, 1939 Chaparana delacouri (Angel, 1928) Rana delacouri F. Angel, 1928, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nut., 34(2),3 19.
Type locality. Bac-Kan (= Backan or Bac Can), Tonkin, (= Northern Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam.
[Angel, 1928; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Duellman, 1993; Frost, 1985,20001.
Amolops cremnobatus Inger et Kottelat, 1998 Amolops cremnobatus R. F. Inger and M. Kottelat, 1998, The Rqfles Bull. 2001. Nut. Univ., 46(1),29-34.
Type locality. Laos, Khammouan Prov., Nam Phao River, just downstream from the border post on Lak Sao-Vinh Road (18'23' N, and 105"09'20" E). Distribution. Khammouan province, Laos; Ha Tinh and Nghe Anh provinces, Vietnam.
[Frost, 20001.
Chaparanafansipani (Bourret, 1939) Rana (Chaparana),fa11sipaniR. Bourret, 1939, Ann. Bull. G&n.Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1939(4),3 1 .
Type locality. Mount Fan-si-pan (= Fansipan or Fan Si Pan), near Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (=Northern Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam.
[Bounet, 1939. 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellman, 1993; Ohler et al., 20001.
Amolops ricketti (Boulenger, 1899) Rana ricketti G. A. Boulenger, 1899, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1899, 168.
Type locality. Kuatun mountains (= Guadun), about 435 krn from Foochow (= Fuzhou Shi), Chongan County, Fokien (= Fujian), China; approximately 3000 - 4000 feet (914 - 1220 m). Distribution. Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsi, Guangxi, and Fujian, China, 400 - 1300 m elevation; northern Vietnam.
[Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Yang, 1991; Zhao and Adler; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Semenov, 20011.
Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) Rana cyanophlyctis J. G. Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., 1, 137.
Type locality. Eastern India. Distribution. Southern Iran and Afghanistan; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Malaya Peninsula and southem Vietnam (Minh Hai province).
[Bounet, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; lnger and Dutta, 1986; Dubois. 1987 "1986," 1992; Chanda, 1994; Shah, 1995; Dutta, 19971.
Hoplobatrachus Peters, 1863 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1835) Rana tigerina rugulosa A. F . A. Wiegmann, 1835, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol., 17, 258.
Type locality. Cape Syng-more [= Kap Shui Mun, Lantau island, Hong Kong, China] Distribution. Myanmar; sonthen] China including Taiwan (north to Yangtze River); Indochina; introduced in Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia).
[Okada, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois. 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Yang. 1997; Fei, 19991.
Atnolops spinapectoralis Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999 Amolops spinapectoralis R. F . Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana. 2001.New Ser., 92, 12-13.

Huia Yang, 1991 Huia nasica (Boulenger, 1903) Rana nasica G. A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 187.
Type locality. Mao Son Mountains (Mau Son or Man Son, Lang Son province), Tonkin, Vietnam; 3000 - 4000 feet (915 - 1220 m). Distribution. China: Yuman, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces; Thailand; Laos and Vietnam.
[Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991 (as Huia sp.); Yang, 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 19991.
87
Limnonectes kohchangae (Smith, 1922) Rana kohchangae M . A. Smith, 1922, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 4, 223 - 225.
Type locality. Koh Chang (= Chang Island) in the Inner Gulf of Siam (= Thailand). Distribution. Koh Chang, Koh Kut, Koh Mehsi and on the mainland at Ok Yam, Thailand; southern Vietnam and Cambodia.
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.
Limnonectes Fitzinger, 1843 Limnonectes blythii (Boulenger, 1920) Rana macrodon var. blythii G. A. Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20,43 - 45.
Type locality. Burnla (= Myanmar); Annam (= central Vietnam); Siam (= Thailand); Malay Peninsula (Malaysia and Thailand); Sumatra, Borneo (Indonesia); Philippines. Distribution. Myanmar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines; Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia).
[Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985, 2000; Emerson and Ward, 1998; Inger et al., 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Limnonectes kuhlii (Tschudi, 1838) Rana kuhlii J . J . von Tschudi, 1838, Class$ Bati-ach. Neuchdtel:40.
Type locality. Java, Indonesia. Distribution. Meghalaya and Assam (India); Southern China including Taiwan Island; Indochina; Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Sulawesi (Indonesia). Note. On the island of Hainan a closely-related forn~ is Limnonectesfragilis (Liu and Hu, 1973); and it is possibly, the same form that is found in central Annam.
[Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 1931; Okada, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Liu et al., 1973; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.
Limnonectes cancrivorus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Rana cancrivora J . L. Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. 2001.Vratislav., 1, 4 1.
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Malay Peninsula; Philippines Islands; Greater and Lesser Sundas Archipelago from Sumatra to Flores; Guangxi province and Hainan Island (China); southern Vietnam. Note. Dubois and Ohler (2000) refer this species to Feiewaria genus.
[Boulenger, 1920; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Liu et al., 1973; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ye et al., 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.
Limnonectes limnocharis (Boie, 1834) Rana limnocharis H . Boie, 1834, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol., 17(1), 225.
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan, Hainan, and Hong Kong Islands, northward to Shandong in the east and Gansu in the west; Indochina; Nepal; Pakistan; India; Sri Lanka; southern Japan; Philippines; Greater Sunda Islands and the Lesser Sundas as far east as Flores. Note. Dubois and Ohler (2000) concern this species to the genus Fejewaria.
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Inger, 1954, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Toda et al., 1998; Dubois and Ohler, 2000; Frost; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Semenov, 20011.
Limnotrectes dabanus (Smith, 1922) Rana macrognathus dabana M . A. Smith, 1922, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 4, 22 1 .
Type locality. Daban, Langbian plateau, Southern Annam; 200 m. Distribution. Southern Vietnam; Phu Quoc Island in Gulf of Thailand; discovered on the bodred between Vietnam and Cambodia.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Frost, 20001.
Limnonectes toumano#i (Bourret, 1941) Rana toumanofi R. Bourret, 1941, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1941,23.
Type locality. Mimot, Cambodge (= Cambodia). Distribution. Occurs along the tributaries of the Mekong and Krong (= Sraepok) rivers in Cambodia and southem Vietnam (Dak Lac [Yok Don National Park on the Dak Ken River]) and Dong Nai province; 300 - 400 m.
[Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"].
Limnonectes khammonensis (Smith, 1929) Rana khammonensis M . A. Smith, 1929, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 10(3),296.
Type locality. Nape, Khammon (= Kham mon or Khammuan) Plateau, west of Vinh, Amam, Laos; 900 m. Distribution. Annam (Vietnam) and adjacent Laos.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 1985,20001.
Occidozyga Kuhl et van Hasselt, 1822

Note. There is a complicated history of the understanding of the composition of genera Occidozyga and Phlynoglossus. We consider all the forms of these groups from Vietnam to belong to Occidozyga.
88
0ccidoz.yga laevis (Giinther, 1859 "1858") Oxyglossus laevis A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 7.
Type locality. Philippine Islands. Distribution. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores (Indonesia); Philippines; Thailand; Malaysia; Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Inger, 1954, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Taylor, 1962; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000 (as Phrynoglossus laevis)].

Paa bourreti (Dubois, 1987 "1986") Rana (Paa) bourreti A. Dubois, 1987 "1986," Alytes, 5,46.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Vietnam; 22'20' N, 103"501E. Distribution. Mountainous region in northern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces) and northern Thailand.
[Dubois, 1992; Frost, 2000; Ohler et a]., 20001.
Occidozyga lima (Gravenhorst, 1829) Rana lima J. L. C . Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1, 4 1.
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. from West Bengal (India) and Myanmar to Yunnan and southeastern Fujian, Hainan Island and Hong Kong (China); Vietnam; Malaya Peninsula; Java (Indonesia).
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et a]., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000; Semenov, 20011.
Paa spinosa (David, 1875) Rana spinosa A. David, 1875, J. Trois Voy. Explor. Empire Chinois, 2,253.
Type locality. Ouang-Mao-Tsak (= Wangmaozhai), a mountain village in Jiangxi near the Fujian border, China. Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Island and northern Vietnam.
[Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 1931 ; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang eta]., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et a]., 19931.
0ccidoz.yga martensii (Peters, 1867) Phrynoglossus martensii W. Peters, 1867, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, 29.
Type locality. Bangkok, Siam (= Thailand). Distribution. Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam; southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan Island).
'
Paa verrucospinosa (Bourret, 1937) Rana spinosa verrucospinosa R. Bourret, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 26.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Fan Si Pan mountain (Lao Cai province), and Tam-Dao (Vinh Phu province), Vietnam. Distribution. Northern and central Vietnam; mountain regions of Tonkin and Annam; 250 - 2300 m.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.
[Pope, 1931; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et a]., 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000 (as Phrynoglossus martens)].
Occidozyga vittatus (Anderson, 1942) Oxyglossus laevis var. vittata L. G . Anderson, 1942, Ark. Zool., 34(A), 1.
Type locality. Dalat and Thua Luu, Lam Dong province, Annam, Vietnam. Distribution. Southern Annam, Vietnam. Note. The species is placed in either Occidozyga and Phrynoglossus Peters, 1867 (Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867:29). We consider all the forms of these groups from Vietnam to belong to Occidozyga.
[Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 20001.
Paa yunnanensis (Anderson, 1878) Rana yunnanensis J. Anderson, 1878, Anat. Zool. Res. Yunnan, 839.
Type locality. Hotha (= Husa), Yunnan province, China; 5000 feet (1520 m). Distribution. Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan, China; northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar.
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Inger et al., 1990; Yang et a]., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei. 1999; Frost, 20001.
Paa Dubois, 1975 Paa boulengeri (Giinther, 1889) Rana boulengeri A. Giinther, 1889, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist. Ser. 6,4(2 I), 222.
Type locality. Ichang, Rupeh (= Hubei province, China). Distribution. Southwestern and southern China, including Guangxi and Guangdong provinces; Vietnam.
[Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985. 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1990; Yang et a]., 1991: Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei. 19991.
Rana Linnaeus, 1758 Rana adenopleura Boulenger, 1909 Rana adenopleura G. A. Boulenger, 1909, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 4(8), 492.
Type locality. Fuhacho Village (= Maobu or Wucheng, Nantou County), Formosa (= Taiwan), China; approximately 4000 feet (1220 m). Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan and Hainan; Iriomotejima and Ishigakijima, Yaeyama group Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan; northern Vietnam.
[Pope, 1931; Liu and Hu, 1961; Liu et a]., 1973; Matsui and Utsunomiya, 1983; Frost, 1985. 2000; Kuramoto, 1985; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 19931.

Rana andersonii Boulenger, 1882 Rana andersonii G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. MLLS., London, p. 55.
Type locality. Hotha (= Husa) Valley, southwestern Yunnan province, China. Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Southern China including Hainan; Vietnam. Note. Rana andersonii is represented by the complex of forms which taxonomic status is the subject of recent investigations (Bajn, 1998; Fei et al., 2001).
[Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1939, 1937, 1941, 1942; Liu, 1950; L.iu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Herrmann, 2000; Bain, 1998; Fei et al., 2001; Ohler et al., 20001.
Distribution. Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, China; Northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces); 1400 - 2000 m.
[Pope and Boring, 1940; Liu and Hu, 1961: Liu et al., 1962; Frost. 1985, 2000: Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Yang et a]., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993: Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.
Rana guentheri Boulenger, 1882 Rana guentheri G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 48.
Type locality. Amoy (= Xiamen Shi, Fujian province, China) and China. Distribution. Southern China (north to Yangtze River) including Hainan and Taiwan; Vietnam; Laos.
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Sernenov, 2001; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.
Rana attigua Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999 Rana attigua R. F . Inger, N. L. OrIov, and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana. Zool. New Ser., 92, 14.
Type locality. Buon Luoi, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 14'20' N, 108'36' E; 750 m. Distribution. South Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces).
[Frost, 2000; Bain and Truong, 20021.
Rana johnsi Smith, 1921 Rana sauteri var. johnsi M . A. Smith, 1921, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,423 - 440 (434).
Type locality. Sui Kat, Annam (Lam Dong province), Southern Vietnam. Distribution. Guangxi province, China and Vietnam.
[Smith, 1921; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.
Rana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937) Hylarana chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 34 - 35.
Type locality. Chapa (- Sa Pa), N. Tonkin (= northern Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost. 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.
Rana lateralis Boulenger, 1887 Rana lateralis G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 5,483.
Type locality. Kaw-ka-riet (= Kokarit), east of Moulmein, Tenasserim, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Cambodia; Thailand; southern Myanmar; southern Laos and Vietnam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac and Gia Lai provinces).
[Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 20001.
Rana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) Hyla erythraea H. Schlegel, 1837, Abbild. Anzph., DQsseldorf, pp. 1 - 141(27).
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Java, Borneo, (Indonesia); Negros and Panay Islands (Philippines); Laos; Catnbodia; Thailand; Malaysia; Myanmar; West Bengal and Orissa (India); southern part of Vietnam, from Quang Tri provinces to Upper Mekong River.
[Bourret, 1942; lnger, 1954; Taylor, 1962; lnger, 1966; Beny; Frost, 1985,2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Herrmann, 20001.
Rana livida (Blyth, 1855) Polypedates lividus E. Blyth, 1855, J. Asia?. Soc. Bengal, 24,718.
Type locality. Tenasserim Valley, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. India (Darjeeling [West Bengal], Sikkim, Meghalaya, and Assam [Eastern Himalayas]); Myanmar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; China (Guangxi, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Hainan Island). Note. Field and DNA studies of Rana livida have demonstrated the presence of cryptic species in almoust every population investigated in Vietnam. Apparently this is one of the most intricately organized complexes among the amphibians of Vietnam under study.
[Bourret, 1942; Liuand Hu, 1961, 1962; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Semenov, 20011.
Rana glandulosa Boulenger, 1882, Caral. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:73.
Type locality. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Distribution. Southern Thailand; Malaysia (Malaya Peninsula and Borneo); Southern Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Frost, 1985, 2000; Beny, 1975; Dubois, 1992; Ye et al., 19931.
Rana grahami Boulenger, 1917 Rana graharni G. A. Boulenger, 1917, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 20(8), 415.
Type locality. Yunnan fu (= Kunming Shi), Yunnan province, China.
90 Rana nracrodactyla (Giinther, 1859 "1858") Hylarana macrodac~laA. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:72.
Type locality. Hong Kong and China [Restricted to Hong Kong (China) by Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43,421 - 4231. Distribution. Hong Kong; Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan (China); Indochina.
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Semenov, 20011.
Nikolai L. Orlov et al. Rana nigrovittata (Blyth, 1855) Limnodytes nigrovittatus E. Blyth, 1855, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,7 18.
Type locality. Mergui, Tenasserim, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Nepal; Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (India); Yunnan (China) and Indochina.
[Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961 ;Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost. 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Semenov, 20011.
Rana maosonensis (Bourret, 1937) Hylarana maosonensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 36.
Type locality. Mao-Son (= Mau Son), Tonkin (Lang Son province, Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam [(inhabits mountain regions of north - eastern provinces of Vietnam (Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Yen Bai, Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Ha Bac, Quang Ninh, Hai Hung, Ha Tay, Son La, Ninh Binh, and Hoa Binh provinces); 200 - 1500 m].
[Bourret. 1942; Frost, 1985, 1999, 2000; Dubois, 1992; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; lnger et al., 1999; Semenov, 20011.
Rana schmackeri Boettger, 1892 Rana schmackeri 0. Boettger, 1892, Katal. Batrach. Samml. M u . Senckenb. Natuforsch. Gesellsch., Frankfurt am Main: 11.
Type locality. Kao-cha-hien (= Gaojiayan), near Ichang (= Yichang Shi), Hubei province, Central China. Distribution. Southern and Central China including Hainan Island; Vietnam.
[Chang and Hsu, 1932; Liu and Hu, 1961;Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 20001.
Rana margaretae Liu, 1950 Rana margaretae C.-C. Liu, 1950, Fieldiana. Zool. Mem., 2, 303.
Type locality. Panlungshan (= Mount Panlong), Kwanhsien (= Guan County, now Dujiangyan Shi), Szechwan (= Sichuan), China; 1070 m. Distribution. Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, southern Shaanxi (China; 390 - 1500 m) and northern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces), 1900 - 2500 m].
[Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985, 2000; lnger et al., 1990; Fei et a].. 1991 "1990": Dubois, 1992; Ye et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.
Rana taipehensis Van Denburgh, 1909 Rana taipehensis J. Van Denburgh, 1909, Proc. CaliJ:Acad. Sci. Ser. 4 , 3 , 56.
Type locality. Taipeh (= Taipei), Formosa (= Taiwan), China. Distribution. Nepal; Orissa, Assam, West Bengal, and Meghalaya (India); Myanmar; Southern China including Taiwan and Hainan Islands; Thailand; Laos and northern Vietnam (Tonkin and northern Annam).
[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et a]., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 19991.
Rana milleti Smith, 1921 Rana milleti M. A. Smith, 1921, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1921,432.
Type locality. Dalat, Langbian Plateau (= Langbian Plateau Mountain), southern Annam, (Lam Dong province, Vietnam). Distribution. Southern Vietnam.
[Bourret. 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000: Dubois, 1992; Inger et al., 19991.
Species of Rana genus doubtfully reported from Vietnam Rana alticola Boulenger, 1882 Rana alticola G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:62.
Type locality. Shillong, Assam, India and Moulmein, Tenasserim, Burma (Myanmar). Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Assam, Darjeeling [West Bengal] and Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; northern Vietnam. Note. Probably, the find from Mao-Son (Tonkin), indeed, relates to Huia ?zasica(Bourret, 1942: 350).
[Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1992; Chanda, 1994; Dutta, 1997; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack., 20001. ~,
Rana montivaga Smith, 1921 Rana montivaga M. A. Smith, 1921, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,436.
Type locality. Dalat, Langbian Plateau (= Langbian Plateau Mountain), southern Annam, (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 1500 m. Distribution. Southern Vietnam [(Lam Dong and Gia Lai provinces); 700 - 2000 m].
[Smith, 1921; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1992; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et a]., 19991.
Rana leptoglossa (Cope, 1868) H~lorana leptoglossa E. D. Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20, 139-140.

Type locality. Assam (India). Distribution. Assam and Meghalaya (India); Myanmar; Thailand and Vietnam.
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost, 20001.
91
Note. Probably, the find from Annam, indeed, relates to Rana nigrovittata (Bourret, 1942:3 15).
[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost, 20001.
Type locality. Sui Kat, Langbian (= Lang Bian) Plateau, Southern Annam (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 1000 m. Distribution. Gia Lai, Dac Lac and Lam Dong provinces; 700 - 1200 m, Vietnam.
[Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rana miopus Boulenger, 1918 Rana miopus G. A. Boulenger, 191 8, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 3, 1 1 - 12.
Type locality. Khao Wang Hip, Nakhon Si Thanmarat (Thailand). Distribution. Thailand and West Malaysia; southern and northern Vietnam (Dac Lac and Lang Son provinces) [Tran et al., 198 1:385; Nguyen and Ho, 1996:206]. Note. Inger et al. (1999:43) suppose that this species for Vietnam is pointed out by mistake.
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 19991.
Chirixalus nongkhorensis (Cochran, 1927) Philautus nongkhorensis D. M . Cochran, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washigton, 40, 179.
Type locality. Nongkhor, southeastern Thailand. Distribution. Myanmar; Thailand; southern Vietnam [Gia Lai province (Tay-Nguyen Plateau); 700 m]; Laos and Cambodia. Ohler et al. (2000) note this species for northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai province: 1210-1660 m).
[Ahl, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger et al., 1999 Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Taylorana Dubois, 1987 "1985" Taylorana hascheanus (Stoliczka, 1870) Polypedates hascheanus F. Stolickzka, 1870, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 39(2), 134 - 228 (147).
Type locality. "Higher forests [about 1000 feet (300 m) a.s.l.1 in the island of Penang," Malaysia. Distribution. Myanmar; Laos; Thailand; Malaysia; Cambodia; Vietnam (central and northern regions of the Annam mountains); Andaman Islands (India); Bunguran (Natuna Islands) and Java [Indonesia].
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dutta, 1997; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Chirixaluspalpebralis (Smith, 1924) Philautus palpebralis M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1924,233.
Type locality. Langbian Peaks (= Lang Bian Mountain), South Annam (central Vietnam); 2000 m. Distribution. Southern Annam, Vietnam; Yunnan province, China.
[Ahl, 193 1; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Family Subfamily
Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932 Rhacophorinae Hoffmann, 1932
Chirixalus vittatus (Boulenger, 1887) Ixalus vittatus G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 2(5), 421.
Type locality. Bhamo, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam [(inhabits mountain regions of Annam and Tonkin); 600 - 1900 m]; Thailand; China (Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces and Hainan Island).
[Smith, 1924; Ahl, 193 1; Pope, 193 1; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Liem, 1970, Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Chirixalus Boulenger, 1893 Chirixalus doriae Boulenger, 1893 Chirixalus doriae G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,341.
Type locality. Karin Bia-po and Thao, Burma (= Northern Myanmar). Restricted to Karin Bia-po by lectotype designation (Capacaccis, 1957). Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Thailand; Yunnan, China (Guangxi, Hainan Island); Laos; central and horthern Vietnam [southern part of Truong Son Mountains and Tay-Nguyen Plateau (Kon Tum and Gia Lai provinces), inhabits mountain regions of Tonkin; 400 - 1200 m] and Cambodia.
[Ahl, 193 1; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Tan, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Duhois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Nyctixalus Boulenger, 1882 Nyctixalus pictus (Peters, 1871) Ixalus pictus Peters, 1871, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871, 580.
Type locality. Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo). Distribution. Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia); Palawan Island (Philippines); Malaya Peninsula; south Vietnam (discovered in the province Dac Lac to the southeast of Duc Xuyen; 800 m).
[Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1966; Brown and Alcala, 1970; Beny, 1975; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Chirixalus laevis (Smith, 1924) Philautus laevis M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001.Soc. London, 1924,230.
93
Fig. 3. Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903).
Philautus Gistel, 1848 Philautus abditus Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999

Philautus abdihrs R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, New Ser., 92,26. Type locality. Buon Luoi Village, Kannack Town, An Khe District, Gia Lai province; 700 m. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Tay-Nguyen Plateau, Gia Lai province; 600 - 1200 m).
[Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Distribution. Central Vietnam [Hai Van Pass and the foot of the eastern slope of the Amam mountains in Qang Nam-Danang province (Ba Na Town) and Thua Thien-Hue province (Bach Ma Town)].
[Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus carinensis (Boulenger, 1893) Ixalus carinensis G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,339.
Type locality. Karin Bia-po, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Karen Hills, Myanmar; northwestern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces); 1400 - 2000 m].
[Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ohler et a]., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus albopunctatus Liu et Hu, 1962 Philautus albopunctatus C.-C. Liu and S.-Q. Hu, 1962,Acta 2001.Sinica, 14 (Suppl.),99.
Type locality. Yang-liu-chong, Mount Yao (= Dayao Shan), Kwangsi (= Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), China; 1350 m. Distribution. China (Guangxi and Tibet); Northern Vietnam m a o Bang; Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces).
[Liu and Hu, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus gracilipes Bourret, 1937 Philautus gracilipes R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gdn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4),52.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (= Northern Vietnam). Distribution. China (Yunnan); Vietnam [Hoang Lien Mountains in Lai Chau, Lao Cai, and Yen Bai provinces; 1500 - 2500 m. Although reported from Kon T u r n province (Nguyen and Ho, 1996:215-216), additional data required].
Philautus banaensis Bourret, 1939

Philautus banaensis R. Bourret, 1939, Ann. Bull. GLn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1939(4), 34. Type locality. Bana (= Ba Na Town, Qang Nam-Danang province), Annam, Vietnam.

[Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Ohler et a]., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
95
Vinh Phu and Bac Thai provinces) and Hoang Lien Mountains (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces); 700 - 1400 m].
[Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philairtus grjdlus Smith, 1924 Philautus gryllus M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924,23 1 .
Type locality. Langbian Peaks, 2000 m, Langbian Plateau (= Lang Bian Mountain), Southern Annam (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 2000 m. Distribution. Vietnam [Southern Annam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces) and Tonkin Region (Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Vinh Phu and Bac Thai provinces)].
[Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and
Incertae cedis for Philautrrs genus Philautus odontotarsus Ye and Tei, 1993
Note. See in Rhacophorus verrucosus.
Polypedates Tschudi, 1838 Polypedates colletti Boulenger, 1890 Polypedates colletti G. A. Boulenger, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890,36.
Type locality. Langkhat, Sumatra (Indonesia). Distribution. Malaysia and Thailand (Peninsular Malaya); Sumatra and Bomeo (Indonesia) and Islands of the South China Sea; southern Vietnam (discovered in the southern province Minh Hai).
[Ahl, 193 1; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Orlov et al., 20011.
Ho, 1996; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus jinxiuensis Hu, 1978 Philautus jinxiuensis S.-Q. Hu, 1978 in S.-Q. Hu, L. Fei and C.-Y. Ye, Mater. Helpetol. Res., Chengdu, 4,
20. Type locality. Mount Yao (= Dayao Shan, or Yaoshan), Jinxiu County, Guangxi Zhiang Autonomous Kegion, China. Distribution. Guangxi and Hunan, China; northeastem Vietnam (province Lang Son).
[Hu et al., 1981; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates dennysii (Blanford, 1881) Rhacophorus dennysii W. T . Blanford, 1881, Proc. 2001.Soc. London, 1881,224
Type locality. China. Distribution. Myanmar; southern regions of China; northern and northeastern Vietnam (discovered in Cao Bang, Bac Thai, Lang Son, Vinh Phu, Hai Hung, and Ha Bac provinces; 200 - 1500 m. All discoveries in northern Vietnam are situated to the east of the Red River).
[Liu and Hu, 1961; Inger, 1966; Liem, 1970; Frost, 1985,2000; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Fei, 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus longchuanensis Yang et Li, 1979 Philauttrs longchuanensis D.-T. Yang and S.-M. Li, 1979 in D.-T. Yang, C.-Y. Su, and S.-M. Li, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 4(2), 186.
Type locality. Gongdong, Longchuan Xian (= Longchuan County), Yunnan province, China; 1600 m. Distribution. China (Gaoligong Shan and Hengduanshan mountains, Yunnan province, 1350 - 1600 m); northwestern Vietnam (Lai Chau province).
[Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates dorsoviridis (Bourret, 1937) Rhacoplzorus schlegeli dorsoviridis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gkn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 47.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (=North Vietnam); 1500 m. Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Hoang Lien Mountains in provinces Lao Cai and Lai Chau).
[Boturet, 1937, 1942; Liu, Hu et Yang, 1962 (as P. nigropuncfa[us); Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991 (as P. nigropuncfafus); Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Philautus maosonensis Bourret, 1937 Philautus maosonensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gkn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 5 1 .
Type locality. Mao-son (= Mao Son or Mau Son), Tonkin (Lang Son province, Northern Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam (400 - 1500 m in Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and Lang Son provinces).
[Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates duboisi (Ohler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000) Rhacophorus duboisi A. Ohler, 0. Marquis, S. Swan, and S. Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, 13(1/2), 81.
Type locality. Fan Si Pan mountain range (22"16'N, 103"501E, 1900 m), near Sa Pa, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. Distribution. Northwestern ~ i e t n a mand southern Yunnan (China). Note. Species from Fan Si Pan Mountain (in Orlov et al., 2001) described as PoIvpedates omeimontis SteinePolypedates duboisi (ohger, 1924 should be assignedVio ler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000). Polypedates pingbianensis, described from Pingbian county, Yunnan prov-
Philautusparvulus (Boulenger, 1893) Ixalus pamlus Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. Ser. 2, NO. 13,339.
Type locality. Karin Hills, Bunna (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; northern Thailand and northern Vietnam [(discovered on the ranges of Tam Dao (in
96
ince Kou, Hu and Gao, 2001 is conspecific with Polypedates dtlboisi. [Kou, Hu and Gao, 2001 (as P, pingbionensis); Orlov et al., 2001 (as P. otneimortris)].
Nikolai L. O r l o v e t al.
tax leucornystax (Gravenhorst, 1829); P. leucomystax sexvirgahls (Gravenhorst, 1829); P. rnacroris (Boulenger, 1891); P. megacephalus Hallowell, 1861; P. mutt~sSmith, 1940.
[Okada, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Inger, 1954; Liu and Hu; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000a; Orlov et al., 2001; Semenov, 20011.
Polypedates dugritei David, 1872 Polypedates dugritei A. David, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 7 , 95.
Type locality. Mouping (= Baoxing County), Sichuan province, China. Distribution. Southern Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China and nortwesthern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan (northern part of Hoang Lien Mountains), Lao Cai province; 1800 - 2000 m. Note. Polypedates dugrirei is likely a complex of cryptic species that is yet to be fully resolved. Recently, similar Chinese forms have been described as new species: Polypedates zhaojuensis Wu and P, puerensis He, 1999. [Barbour, 1920; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000;
Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates rnegacephalus Hallowell, 1861 "1860" Polypedates megacephalus E . Hallowell, 186 1 "1860," Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Philadelphia, 12, 507.
Type locality. Hong Kong, China. Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan, Hong Kong and Hainan, in the west it reaches Xizang (= Tibet), in the north reaches Gansu; northeastern India, northern Vietnam (in the northern provinces of the country it inhabits montane and submontane regions); introduced to Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan.
[Stejneger, 1925; Pope, 1931; Inger, 1966; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Matsui et al., 1986; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates feae (Boulenger, 1893) Rhacophorus feae G . A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Sfor.Nat. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,338.
Type locality. Thao, northern Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; China (Yunnan); northern Thailand; Laos; northwestern Vietnam (mountain regions of Lao Cai and Lai Chau [Fan Si Pan and Phoung Chang mountains]; 1400 - 1500 m); southern Vietnam (Ngock Linh Mountain, Kon Tum province; 1500 - 2000 m); and possibly Annam mountains bordering Laos and Vietnam.
[Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Inger, 1966; Liem, 1970; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates nrutus (Smith, 1940) Rhacophorus mutus M . A. Smith, 1940, Rec. Indian Mus., 42,473.
Type locality. N'Chang Yang, northern Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Ilainan Island, China; northern Laos; northern Vietnam (throughout northern Vietnam from the borders with southern China to the northern Annam mountains). [Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang
et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates hungfuensis (Liu e t H u , 1961) Rhacophorus hungfiuensis C.-C. Liu and S.-C. Hu, 196 1 , Tailless Amphibians of China:269.
Type locality. Hongfu Mountain (= Hongfoshan), Guan county (= Dujiangyan Shi), Sichuan province, China. Distribution. China (Sichuan and Guangxi provinces); northwestern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountain, Lao Cai province). [Liu and Hu, 1961; Jiang, Hu and Zhao, 1987; Dubois, 1987
"1986"; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rltacophotus K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt, 1822 Rhacophorus annarnensis Smith, 1924 Rhacophorus annamensis M . A. Smith, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924,229.
Type locality. Daban (= Da Ban), Phan Rang (= Ninh Thuan) province, Southern Annam, Vietnam; 200 m. Distribution. Southern Annam (within the provinces Ninb Thuan, Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Kon Turn and Gia Lai at elevations from 200 up to 1500 m), Vietnam. Note. Juvenile R. annarnensis are very similar to R. nolater Smith, 1924, as was noted by Bourret (1942) and Wolf (1936). Up to the age of two years the body of R. annarnensis is lightly colored with numerous black blotches, which corresponds to the description of the single specimen of Rhacophorus nolater. M. Matsui shares a similar opinion (University of Kyoto, Japan; personal communication). The transformation to the adult color pattern occurs approximately when SVL is 3 W 0 mm.
[Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1954; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.
Polypedates leucornystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) Hyla leuconzysfaxJ . L. C. Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vrafislav.,1, 26.
Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. From eastern India to southern China (including Taiwan and Hainan Islands) to the Philippines and Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Indonesia; introduced to Okinawa Island (Japan). Note. Polypedates leucomystnr is likely a complex of cryptic species, involving the following taxa: P. leucomys-
Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. P a r t I. Amphibia
97
Rhacophor~rsappendiculatus
(Giinther, 1859 "1858") P o ( ~ p e d a t e s appendiculatzcs A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:79. Type locality. Philippines; Java; Singapore; East India. Distribution. Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Philippines; Arunachal Pradesh (India); Vietnam (southern and central regions north to Quang Nam Danang province; 400 - 2000 m).
[Annandale, 1912; Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1954; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Brown and Alcala, 1994; Chanda, 1994; Duaa, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Fei, 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rhacophorus calcanerrs Smith, 1924

Rhacophorus calcaneus M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001.Soc. London, 1924,228. Lang Bian MounType locality. Langbian Peaks tain, Lam Dong province), Southern Annam, Vietnam. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (southern regions of the provinces Lam Dong, Gia Lai and Kon Turn; 700 - 2000 m).
(3
[Ahl, 193 1; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rhacophorus exechopygus Inger, O r l o v e t Darevsky, 1999 Rhacophorus exechopygus R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov, and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, New Ser.,
92, 35. Type locality. Tram Lap, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 900 m. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces).
[Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 2001; Bain and Tmong, 20021.
Rlracophorus baliogaster Inger, O r l o v

et Darevsky, 1999 Rhacophorus baliogaster R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov, and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiann, New Ser., 92, 30 - 32. Type locality. Buon Luoi Village, An Khe District, GiaLai Provimce, Vietnam; 700 m; [140201N, 108'36' El. Distribution. Gia Lai province (600 - 1200 m), Southern Vietnam.
[Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, L a t h r o p , M u r p h y et Ho, 2001 Rhacophonrs hoanglienensis N. L. Orlov, A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy et T. C . Ho, 2001, Russ. J. Herpetol., 8(1), 4 1 -43. Type locality. Fan Si Pan Mountain, northern part of Hoang Lien Mountains, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam; 1400 m altitude; 22O18'59" N, 103O49'35" E. Distribution. Lao Cai province, Vietnam.
Rhncophorus bimaculatus (Peters, 1867) Leptomantis bimaculatus W. S. H. Peters, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867,32. Type locality. Aguson Valley, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Distribution. Thailand; Laos; Vietnam (Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces); Borneo (Indonesia) and Philippines. Note. Rhacophoms bimaculatus with R. hoanglienensis, R. orlovi, and Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey et Steiof, 1998 form a complex of closely-related species.
[Bourret, 1942; Berry, 1975; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.
Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler et Kohler, 200 Rhacopliorus orlovi T. Ziegler and J. Kohler, 2001,
Sauria, 23(3), 38. Type locality. from the lowland moist forest reserve Ky Anh-Ke Go (vicinity of 18'01' N, 10G004' E), 350 m, Ha Tinh province, southern North Vietnam. Distribution. Nghe An, Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces, northern part of Annam Mountains, Vietnam.
Rhacoplrorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 Rhacophorus bipunctatus E. Ahl, 1927, Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde, 1927,46. Type locality. Khassya (= Khasi Hills, Meghalaya) and Assam, India. Distribution. Eastern Himalayan region of India: Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Tripura; Karin Hills of Myanmar; Peninsular Malaya (Thailand and Perak, Malaysia); Laos and Vietnam (Annam Mountains and Tay-Nguyen Plateau - from the province Ha Tinh in the north to the province Gia Lai in the south; altitude 400 - 2000 m); Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Hainan, China.
[Ahl, 1927,1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991 (as R. rhodopits); Manthey and Grossmann. 1997: Fei. 1999 (as R. rhodoousk ,, Ineer et al.. 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000bl Orlov kt a]., 20011.
x
L .
Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) Hyla reinwardtii H. Schlegel, 1840, Abbild. An~ph.,
Diisseldorf: 105. Type locality. Java and Sumatra, Indonesia; Asia. Distribution. Sumatra and Java (Indonesia); Malay Peninsula (Malaysia; Thailand and South Myanmar); Yunnan and Guangxi, China; Laos; Cambodia and Vietnam (altitude 200 - 1800 m).
[Van Kampen, 1910, 1923; Ahl, 1931; Liu and Hu, 1961; Berry, 1975; Dubois, 1982, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 2000, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 2001; Semenov, 20011.
~ h ~ verrucosus ~ Boulenger, ~ ~ 1893 / Rhaco~homsverrucosus G. A. BOulen!?er, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 2(13), 337.
,
18933
98
Nikolai L. O r l o v et al.
[Ahl, 1927 (as Rhacophorus frul~storjeri), 1931; Wolf, 1936; Type locality. Thao, Burma (= Myanmar). Bourret, 1942; Liern, 1970; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar; 1996 (as Rhacophorus leporosus); Orlov, 1997; lnger et a]., 1999; Northenl Laos; Northern Vietnam. Orlov and Rybaltovsky, 1999; Orlov el al., 20011. Note. Ineer et al. (1999) discussed oroblems of simi\ , larity and distribution of the species group Rhacophorus Theloderma gordoni Taylor, 1962 (Fig. 4 ) verrucosus, which includes R. appendiculatus (Giinther, Theloderma gordoni E. H . Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kan1858), R. bisacculus Taylor, 1962; R. microtynipanum (Giinther, 1859 "1 858") [= Philaurus microtyn~panum]; sas Sci. Bull., 43, 5 1 1 . R. cavirostris (Gunther, 1868) [= Pltilaufus caviros~ris] are Type locality. Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai distributed in Sri Lanka (Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001). Philaprovince, Thailand; above 4000 feet (1220 m). utus odonrotarsus Ye and Fei, 1993 is recorded for Yunnan Distribution. Thailand and Vietnam [south in Gia Lai province, China (Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001) and Lao Cai and Kon Tum provinces (700 - 1300 m) and in the north in province, Vietnam (Ohler et al., 2000). We consider this Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and species in northern Vietnam as Rhacophorus verrucosus. Lang Son provinces (600 - 1500 m)]. [Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011. [Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov, 1997; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.
Theloderma Tschudi, 1838 Theloderma asperum (Boulenger, 1886) (Fig. 1 ) Ixalus asper G . A. Boulenger, 1886, Proc. 2001.Soc. London, 1886,415.
Type locality. Hill Garden, Larut, Perak, Malaysia; 3300 feet (1000 m). Distribution. Southern Xizang, China; Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, India; Myanmar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos and Vietnam (common in the northern and central regions of the country, southward to Ha Tinh province; 150 - 2300 m).
[Ahl, 1927, 1931; Smith, 1930; Bourret, 1942;Taylor, 1962;Liern, 1970; Frost, 1985, 2000; Chanda, 1994; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Duna, 1997; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Orlov, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Hemnann, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.
Thelodel.rna stellatum Taylor, 1962 (Fig. 5) Theloderma stellatum E. H . Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43, 5 14.
Type locality. Khao Sebab (Khao Sebab Mount), circa 18 krn NE of Chanthaburi (Chanthaburi Town) near the waterfall, Chanthaburi province, Thailand. Distribution. Eastern Thailand; south of central Vietnam (southern Annam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, and Dac Lac provinces; 300 - 1500 m); southern Laos and Cambodia.
[Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.
Family Subfamily
Microhylidae Giinther, 1858 (1843) Dyscophinae Boulenger, 1882
Theloderma bicolor (Bourret, 1937) (Fig. 2 ) Rhacophorus leprosus bicolor R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. G2n. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 42.
Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin, (Lao Cai province, Vietnam). Distribution. Northwestern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Hoang Lien Mountains), Sa Pa District, Lao Cai province; 1400 - 1800 m]. Note. Theloderma bicolor is very similar to Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903) and T. knlangsiensis (Liu et Hu, 1962).
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Orlov, 1997; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.
Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 Calluella guttulata (Blyth, 1855). Megalophrys guttulata E . Blyth, 1855, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,7 1 7.
Type locality. P e p , Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Southern Myanmar; northern Malaysia; Thailand; Cambodia; southern Laos; southern Vietnam (Dac Lac, Gia Lai, and Kon Tum provinces; 400-1000 m).
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Inger et al., 19991.
Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903) (Fig. 3) Rhacophorus corticalis G . A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 188.
Type locality. Man-son Mountains (= Mao-son, Man Son, or Mau Son Mountains, Lang Son province), Tonkin (= Northern Vietnam), 3000 - 4000 feet (915 - 1220 m). Distribution. Northern Vietnam (discovered in Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and Lang Son provinces; 700 - 1500 m).
Calluella yunnanensis (Boulenger, 191 9 ) Kalluella yunnanensis G . A. Boulenger, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 3(9), 549.
Type locality. Yunnan Fou (= Kunming Shi), Yunnan province, China. Distribution. Guizhou (Yunkwei Plateau), Yunnan and Sichuan, China; Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces). [Parker, 1934; Liu, 1950 (Calluella ocellata); Liu and Hu, 1961;
Frost, 1985, 2000; lnger et al., 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Ye el al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 19991.
Herpetofauna o f Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia Subfamily Microhylinae Gunther, 1859 "1858" (1843)
99
iting seaside lowlands and montane regions; ascends up to 1200 In a.s.1.

[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Liu et a]., 1973; Berry, 1975; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et a]., 1993; Zliao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.
GlylPhoglossus Giinther, 1869 "1868" Glyphoglossus molossus Gunther, 1869 "1868" G!~phoglossusmolossus A. Gunther, 1869 " 1 868," Proc. 2001.Soc. London, 1868,483.
Type locality. Pegu, Bulma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; southem Vietnam (the south of Cia Lai province to Mekong River; 200 - 600 m).
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and 130, 19961.
Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 Ilficroliyla annamensis Smith, 1923 Microhyla annamensis M . A. Smith, 1923, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 6 , 47.
Type locality. Sui Kat, Dran, Lang-bian Plateau (= Lang Bian Mountain, Lam Dong province), South Annam, Vietnam; 1000 m. Distribution. Khao Sebab, Thailand; Southern Vietnam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Cia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces; 400 - 2000 m).
[Parker, 1934; B o ~ u ~ e1942; t, Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 19991.
Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 Kalophryn~ls interlineatus (Blyth, 1855 "1854") Eizgystoma (?) interlineatum Blyth 1855 ( " 1854"), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 23, 732.
Type locality. Pegu, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Island; Myanmar; Indochina; in Vietnam it is known from Cao Bang province in the north to the delta of Mekong in the south; 150 - 900 m.
[Pope, 1931; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Inger, 1954; Liu and Hu, 1961; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Matsui eta]., 1996; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.
Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, "1855" 1856) Engystoma berdmorei E. Blyth, 1856, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,720.
Type locality. Pegu, Bumla (= Myanmar). Distribution. Yunnan (China); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Malaysia; Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Meghalaya (India); Bangladesh.
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen Sang and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.
Kaloiila Gray, 1831 Kaloula baleata (Miiller, 1836) Bombinator baleatus F . Muller, 1836, in Van Oort and Muller, Verh. Batavia. Genootsch. Wetensch., 16, 96.
Type locality. Krawang, Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Andaman lslands (India); Malaysia; Thailand; Sulawesi, Sumatra, Borneo, and Lesser Sundas (Indonesia); Philippines; discovered in the south of the country on Tay-Nguyen Plateau [(An Khe district, Cia Lai province); 900 - 1000 m].
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Dutta, 19971.
Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900 Microhyla butleri G. A. Boulenger, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 6(7), 188.
Type locality. Larut Hills, Perak, Malaya (= Malaysia); 4000 feet (1220 m). Distribution. Southern China including Hainan and Taiwan; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; Thailand; Malaysia.
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Chang, 1947; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Kaloula mediolineata (Smith, 1917) Callzrla mediolineata M . A . Smith, 19 17, J.Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 2, 224.
Type locality. Prachuap Kirikan, S. W. Siam (= Thailand). Distribution. Southwestern Thailand; southwestern Vietnam (Dac Lac province).
[Parker, 1934; Bounet. 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 20001.
Microhyla fusca Anderson, 1943 Microliyla fusca L. G. Anderson, 1943, Ark. Zool., 34A, 9.
Type locality. Dalat (= Da Lat, Lam Dong province), southern Annam, Vietnam [1156' N, 10825'E]. Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Lang Bian Mountain, Lam Dong province).
[Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987; Duellman, 19931.
Kaloulapulchra Gray, 1831 Kaloulapulchra J. E. Gray, 1831,2001. Misc., 1, 38.

Type locality. China. Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Island; Indochina; Bangladesh; Sumatra, Borneo, and Sulawesi (Indonesia); widely distributed in Vietnam inhab-
Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 Microhyla hevmonsi T . Vogt, 19 1 1 , Sitzungsber. Gesellcsh. Naturforscli. Freunde, 1911, 18 1.
100
Type locality. Kosempo (= Chiahsien), Formosa (= Taiwan), China. Distribution. Southern China including Hainan and Taiwan: Indochina; Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indonesia).
[Pope, 1931; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Chang, 1947; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Chan, 1977; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et a]., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Micryletta inornata (Boulenger, 1890) Microhyla inornata G. A. Boulenger, 1890, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1890,37.
Type locality. Deli and Langkat, Sumatra (Indonesia). Distribution. Myanmar; Malaysia (Malaya Peninsula); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Southern and Central Vietnam; Sumatra (Indonesia); Southern Yunnan (China).
[Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Pillai, 1977; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.
Microhyla ornata (DumCril and Bibron, 1841) Engystoma ornatum A.-M.-C. Dumeril and G. Bibron, 1841, Erpetol. Gin., 8, 745.
Type locality. Malabar, India. Distribution. Ryukyu Islands, Japan; southern China including Taiwan and Hainan; Indochina; Myanmar; Bangladesh; India (West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, and Kerala); Sri Lanka; Nepal.
[Pope, 1931; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Inger, 1947; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Duellman, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Chanda, 1994; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.
Order Family
Gymnophiona Rafinesque, 1814 Epicriidae Fitzinger, 1843 (= Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968)
Zchthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 Zchthyophis bannanicus Yang, 1984 Ichthyophis bannanica D.-T. Yang, 1984, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 3(2), 73 75.
Type locality. Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China; 600 m. Distribution. Yunnan, China and Vietnam (mountain regions of Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, and Cao Bang provinces, 50&1500 m [Undoubtedly, the actual distribution of this species in northern Vietnam is considerably wider what is confirmed by inquiries of the local Vietnamese farmers]).
[Bourret, 1937 (as I. glutinosus); Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 19991.
Microhyla picta Schenkel, 1901 Microhyla picta E. Schenkel, 1901, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges., 13, 151 - 152.
Type locality. Wahrschenlich Cochinchina (now part of Southern Vietnam), Vietnam. Distribution. Southern Vietnam.
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.
Ichthyophis sp.
Note. Other forms have been discovered in northeastem Vietnam and mountain regions of southern Annam. The taxonomic status of these forms is under study. They appear to be new species. Order Family Caudata Scopoli, 1777 Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820
Microhylapulchra (Hallowell, 1861 "1 860") Engystoma pulchrum E. Hallowell, 1861 "1 860," Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Philadelphia, 12, 506.
Type locality. Between Hong Kong and Whampoa (= Huangpu or Huang Pu), Guangdong province, China. Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Island; Indochina.
[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Duellman, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.
Paramesotriton Chang, 1935 Paramesotriton deloustali (Bourret, 1934) Mesotriton deloustali R. Bourret, 1934, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1934(4), 83.
Type locality. Tam Dao (Tam Dao Village in Tam Dao Mountain), Tonkin, Vietnam; 900 m. Distribution. Northern Vietnam, montane regions of Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, and southern part of Cao Bang provinces; 600 - 1900 m.
[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.
Micryletta Dubois, 1987 Micryletta erythropoda (Tarkhnishvili, 1994) Microhyla erythropoda D. Tarkhnishvili, 1994, J Bengal Nut. Hist. Soc. New Ser., 13,24.
Type locality. Forest Ma Da, province Dong Nai, ~ietnam. Distribution. Dong Nai, Southern Vietnam.
[Frost, 20001.
Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang et Tang, 1983) Trituroides guangxiensis Z.-Y. Huang, Z.-Y. Tang, and Z.-M. Tang, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(2), 37.
Type locality. Mount Paiyang, Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 478 m.

Distribution. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; northeastern part of Cao Bang province, Vietnam; 400 - 600 m.
[Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.
101
REFERENCES
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Echinotriton Nussbaum et Brodie, 1982 Echinotriton asperrimus (Unterstein, 1930) Qlototriton asperrim~ls W. Unterstein, "1 929" 1930, Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde, 1930, 3 14.
Type locality. Yao shan (= Dayao Shan), Kwangsi (= Guangxi), China; 1500 m. Distribution. Guangxi, Guangdong, Gansu, Sichuan, and Hubei provinces and Hainan Island, China; Northern Vietnam. Note. Nussbaum et al. (1995) discussed reasons for transferring this species from Echinotriton to Tylotriton. Zhao et al. (2000) recognized this species as belonging to Echinotriton. [Bourret, 1942; Liu et al., 1973; Zhao and Hu, 1984; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nussbaum et al., 1995; Fei, 1999; Zhao et al., 20001.
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Russian Journal of Herpetology

Vol. 9, No. 2, 2002, pp. 81 - 104

Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850

1026-2296/2002/0902-0081 O 2002 Folium Publishing Company

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amph

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815 Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815

Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll.Brit. Mus., London, p. 382, as

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Occidozyga Kuhl et van Hasselt, 1822

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932 Rhacophorinae Hoffmann, 1932

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Fig. 3. Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903).

Philautus Gistel, 1848 Philautus abditus Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999

Philautus banaensis Bourret, 1939

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Ho, 1996; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. P a r t I. Amphibia

Rhacophorus calcanerrs Smith, 1924

Rlracophorus baliogaster Inger, O r l o v

Microhylidae Giinther, 1858 (1843) Dyscophinae Boulenger, 1882

iting seaside lowlands and montane regions; ascends up to 1200 In a.s.1.

Kaloulapulchra Gray, 1831 Kaloulapulchra J. E. Gray, 1831,2001. Misc., 1, 38.

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Gymnophiona Rafinesque, 1814 Epicriidae Fitzinger, 1843 (= Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968)

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

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