1 A cubic crystal possesses in all .........

elements of symmetry
[1] 9 [2] 13 [3] 1 [4/] 23
Sol1. A cubic crystal possesses total 23 elements of symmetry
(i) Plane of symmetry (3 + 6) = 9
(ii) Axes of symmetry (3 + 4 + 6) = 13
(iii) Centre of symmetry [1] = 1
Total symmetry = 23

2 In a simple cubic cell, each atom on a corner is shared by

[1] 2 unit cells [2] One unit cell [3/] 8 unit cells [4] 4 unit cells
sol2. In a simple cubic unit cell the atoms are present only on the corners. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a
part of eight unit cells. Hence each of the eight atom present at the eight corners is shared amongst
eight unit cells.

3 Each unit cell of NaCl consists of 13 chlorine atoms and

[1] 13 Na atoms [2/] 14 Na atoms [3] 6 Na atoms [4] 8 Na atoms
Sol3. NaCl arrangement is a face centred cubic arrangement (cubic close packing) of the anion in which the
anions are present at the corners and the face centres of the cube while the cation occupies all the
octahedral voids that is all the edge centres and the body centre of each unit cell. In this case the unit
cell would consist of 14 anions (8 at corners and 6 at face centres) and 13 cations (12 at edge centres
and 1 at body centre).This arrangement can also be considered to be the face centred cubic
arrangement (cubic close packing) of the cation in which the catons are present at the corners and the
face centres of the cube while the anion occupies all the octahedral voids that is all the edge centres and
the body centre of each unit cell. In this case the unit cell would consist of 14 cations (8 at corners and 6
at face centres) and 13 anions (12 at edge centres and 1 at body centre).

4 In cubic close packing (ccp) arrangement, the pattern of the successive layers will be designated as :
[1] AB, AB, AB... etc [2] AB, ABC, AB... etc
[3/] ABC, ABC, ABC... etc [4] None of these
sol4. Cubic close packing is also known as face centred cubic packing. It is ABC arrangement of hexagonal
layers.

5 A compound is formed by elements A and B. This crystallizes in the cubic structure when atoms A are
the comers of the cube and atoms B are at the centre of the body. The simplest formula of the
compounds is
[1/] AB [2] AB2 [3] A2B [4] AB4
Sol5. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
An atom in the body of the cube is not shared by other cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the cube = 1 = 1
atom A is present at each corner of the cube.
1
As there are 8 corners in a cube, the number of corner atom per unit cell = 8 x 8 = 1.
Atom B is present at the body centre.
As any unit cell can have only one centre, Number of atoms at the body centre per unit cell = 1
Hence, the formula of the solid is A 1 B 1 or A B.

6 A certain metal fluoride crystallizes in such a way that F atoms occupy simple cubic lattice sites, while
metal atoms occupy the body centres of half the cubes. The formula of metal fluoride is
 [1] M2F [2] MF [3] MF2 [4] MF8
Sol6. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
An atom in the body of the cube is not shared by other cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the cube = 1 = 1
F atoms is present at each corner of the cube.
1
As there are 8 corners in a cube, the number of corner atom per unit cell = 8 x 8 = 1.
Metal M is present at half the body centres.
1
As any unit cell can have only one centre, Number of atoms at the body centre per unit cell =
2
Hence, the formula of the solid is
M 1 F 1 or M F2 .
2

7 A compound alloy of gold and copper crystallizes in a cube lattice in which the gold atoms occupy the
lattice points at the corners of cube and copper atoms occupy the centres of each of the cube faces. The
formula of this compound is -
[1] AuCu [2] AuCu2 [3] AuCu3 [4] None
Sol7. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
A face-centred atom in a cube is shared by two unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the face = 2

Gold, Au atom is present at each corner of the cube.

1
As there are 8 corners in a cube, the number of corner atom per unit cell = 8 x 8 = 1.
Copper, Cu atom is present at each face centre of the cube.
1
As there are 6 faces in a cube, number of face-centred atoms per unit cell = 6 x 2 = 3.

Hence, the formula of the solid is Au 1 Cu 3 or Au Cu 3

8 In a face centred cubic arrangement of A & B atoms whose A atoms are at the corner of the unit cell & B
atoms at the face centres. One of the A atom is missing from one corner in unit cell. The simplest
formula of compound is
[1] A7B3 [2] AB3 [3/] A7B24 [4] A7 B4
Sol8. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
A face-centred atom in a cube is shared by two unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the face = 2

atom A is present at each corner of the cube.

1
As there are 8 corners in a cube, the number of corner atom per unit cell = 8 x 8 = 1.
 Atom B is present at each face centre of the cube.
1
As there are 6 faces in a cube, number of face-centred atoms per unit cell = 6 x 2 = 3.

Hence, the formula of the solid is A 1 B 3 or A B 3

But One of the A atom is missing from one corner in unit cell.
1 7
Hence the contribution of A becomes 1 – 8 = 8

A 7 B3
Hence, the formula of the solid becomes or A 7 B 24
8

9 Xenon crystallizes in face centre cubic lattice and the edge of the unit cell is 620 PM, then the radius of
Xenon atom is -
[1/] 219.20 PM [2] 438.5 PM [3] 265.5 PM [4] 536.94 PM
Sol9. In the case of face centred unit cell the atoms at the corner do not touch each other. The atom touching each other
are the ones on the face diagonal. So the face diagonal is equal to four times the radius that is d = 4r.
Also the diagonal of the square is 2 a
hence d = 4r =  2 a
a = 2 2 r
4r = 2 a
1 1
or r= xa= 2 a
2 2 4 = 2 2 x a
where a = 620 pm
1
hence r = x 620 pm = 219.20 pm.
2 2

10 The edge length of NaCl type unit cubic cell is 508 pm. If the radius of the cation is 110 pm. the radius of
the anion is
[1] 285 pm [2] 398 pm [3/] 144 pm [4] 618 pm
sol10. This is a sodium chloride (NaCl) arrangement.
It is a face centred cubic arrangement (cubic close packing) of the anion in which cation occupies all the
octahedral voids that is all the edge centres and the body centre of each unit cell.
In this arrangement the anions are present at the corners and the cation in the centre of edge. Hence
the edge length becomes equal to
a = 2r  2r − . = 2 r r − = 2 ×bond length
edge length
inter ionic distance, r  r − = bond length = 2
radius of the anion, r − = bond length – radius of cation = bond length – r 
edge length a
= – r = – r
2 2
edge length, a =508 pm
radius of cation, r  = 110 pm
508
radius of the anion, r − = – 110 pm = 144 pm
2

11 Fraction of total volume occupied by atoms in a simple cube is -

   
[1] [2] 3 [3] 2 [4/]
2 2 6 6
Sol11. In a simple cubic unit cell the atoms are present only on the corners. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a
part of eight unit cells. Hence each of the eight atom present at the eight corners is shared amongst
 eight unit cells.
The contribution of the corner of a cubic unit cell is 1/8. Hence number of atoms per unit cell for a simple
1
cubic cell = 8 x 8 = 1
In case of a simple cubic unit cell the atoms at the corner of unit cell touch each other. This makes the
edge of the unit cell twice the radius of the particle making the unit cell. Hence a = 2r.

Volume occupied by one atom

∴ Packing fraction = Volume of unit cell
4 3 4 3
r r 
= 3 = 3 =
3 3
6
a 2r 
a = 2r
4 3
r
therefore, P.F. = 3 = 0.52 % P.F. = 52%
3
2r 

12 If edge of a bcc crystal of an element is a cm, M is the atomic mass and N 0 is Avogadro’s number, then
density of the crystal is :
4M 2N 0 2M Ma 3
[1] [2] [3/] [4]
a3 N 0 M a3 N 0 a3 2N 0
molar mass
Sol12. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  = a3
Z ×M
 =
N 0×a 3
For body centred cubic lattice z = 2
2×M
 = 3
N 0×a

13 Lithium borohydride (LiBH4), crystallizes in a orthorhombic system with 4 molecules per unit cell. The
unit cell dimensions are : a = 6.81 Å, b = 4.43 Å, c = 7.17Å. If the molar mass of LiBH 4 is 21.76 g mol–1.
The density of the crystal is -
[1/] 0.668 g cm −3 [2] 0.585 g cm −3 [3] 1.23 g cm −3 [4] 0.00668 g cm −3
molar mass
Sol13. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
 M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
volume of orthorhombic unit cell, v = length ×breadth×height = a ×b×c
mass
density,  = volume
z given for the cell = 4
The unit cell dimensions are : a = 6.81 Å, b = 4.43 Å, c = 717Å
molar mass of LiBH4 is 21.76 g mol–1
Z ×M
The density of the crystal is,  = N ×V =
−1
4×21.76 gmol 
23 −1 −24 3
6.022 ×10 mol 6.81×4.43 ×7.17×10 cm 
= 0.668 g cm −3

14 The unit cell of a metallic element of atomic mass 108 and density 10.5 g cm −3 is a cube with edge
length of 409 PM. The structure of the crystal lattice is -
[1/] FCC [2] bcc [3] hcp [4] None
molar mass
Sol14. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z×
6.022×1023 mol −1
3 3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  =a
Z ×M
= 3
N ×a
z×M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1×a 3
23 −1 3
×6.022×10 mol ×a
z=
M
Here, M = 108, NA = 6.023 x 1023
a = 409 PM = 4.09 x 10–8cm,  = 10.5 g/cm2
Put on these values and solving we get -
z = 4 = number of atoms per unit cell
So, The structure of the crystal lattice is FCC

15 The density of KBr is 2.75 g cm −3 . Length of the unit cell is 654 pm. K = 39, Br = 80. Then what is
true about the predicted nature of the solid
[1/] Solid has face centred cubic system with Z = 4.
[2] Solid has simple cubic system with Z = 4.
[3] Solid has face centred cubic system with Z = 1
[4] Solid has body centred cubic system with Z = 2
molar mass
Sol15. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1
 The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
3 3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  =a
Z ×M
 =
N ×a 3
z×M
= 23 −1 3
6.022×10 mol ×a
×6.022×10 23 mol −1×a 3
z=
M
For the ionic substance the molar mass is the mass of one mole of formula units. For an ionic compound
of the formula A x B y the molar mass is x×molar mass of A y ×molar mass of B .
For KBr x = y = 1, hence the molar mass = molar mass of K + molar mass of Br
= 39 + 80 = 74.5 g/mol
Hence, M = 74.5, NA = 6.023 x 1023
−3
a = 654 pm = 6.54 x 10–8cm,  = 2.75 g cm
Put on these values and solving we get -
z = 4 = number of atoms per unit cell
So, The structure of the crystal lattice is FCC

16 Ferrous oxide has a cubic structure and each edge of the unit cell is 5.0 A. Assuming density of the
oxide as 4.0g cm –3, then the number of Fe2+ and O2– ions present in each unit cell will be
[1/] Four Fe2+ and four O2– [2] Two Fe2+ and four O2–
[3] Four Fe2+ and two O2– [4] Three Fe2+ and three O2–
molar mass
Sol16. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  = a3
Z ×M
 = 3
N ×a
z×M
= 23 −1 3
6.022×10 mol ×a
23 −1 3
×6.022×10 mol ×a
z=
M
For the ionic substance the molar mass is the mass of one mole of formula units. For an ionic compound
of the formula A x B y the molar mass is x×molar mass of A y ×molar mass of B .
For FeO x = y = 1, hence the molar mass = molar mass of Fe + molar mass of O
= 56 + 8 = 64 g/mol
Hence, M = 64, NA = 6.023 x 1023
−3
a = 5 A = 5 x 10–8cm,  = 4 g cm
Put on these values and solving we get -
z = 4 = number of atoms per unit cell
 So, The structure of the crystal lattice is FCC
Hence the number of Fe2+ and O2– ions present in each unit cell will be Four Fe2+ and four O2–

17 The number of atoms in 100 gm of an FCC crystal with density d= 10 g cm−3 and cell edge as 200
pm is equal to:
[1] 3 × 1025 [2/] 5 × 1024 [3] 1 × 1025 [4] 2 × 1025
molar mass
Sol17. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z×
6.022×1023 mol −1
3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  = a3
Z ×M
 =
N ×a 3
z×M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1×a 3
molar mass
Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number
3
×a
=
z
given mass given mass× z
number of particles in a given mass = =
mass of a particle ×a
3

given mass = 100 g

density = 10 g cm −3
cell edge, a = 200 pm = 2×10 −8 cm
z = 4 (for an FCC lattice)
substituting the values and calculating,
number of particles in 100 g = 5 × 1024

18 A compound CuCl has face centred cubic structure. Its density is 3.4 g cm −3 . The length of unit cell
is. [Cu = 63.5 , Cl = 35.5]
[1/] 5.783 Aº [2] 6.783 Aº [3] 7.783 Aº [4] 8.783 Aº
molar mass
Sol18. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z×
6.022×1023 mol −1
3 3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  =a
 Z ×M
 =
N ×a 3
z×M
= 23 −1 3
6.022×10 mol ×a

a=

3 ×N A
z ×M

a =

3

density,  =
×6.022 ×10 23 mol −1
z×M
3.4 g cm −3
face centred structure hence z = 4
molar mass of Cu = 63.5 g mol −1
molar mass of Cl = 35.5 g mol −1
molar mass of CuCl, M = 63.5 + 35.5 = 99 g mol −1
substituting the values and calculating,


23 −1
3 3.4×6.022×10 mol
a= −1
4×99 g mol
= 5.783 Aº

19 The density of KCI is 1.9893 g cm −3 and the length of a side unit cell is 6.29082 A as determined by
X-Rays diffraction. The value of Avogadro's-number calculated from these data is
[1/] 6.017x 1023 [2] 6.023 x 1023 [3] 6.03 x 1023 [4] 6.017 x 1019
molar mass
Sol19. Mass of a particle =
av ogadro ' s number
M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
3 3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  =a
Z ×M
 =
N A×a 3
Z ×M
NA =
×a 3
KCl has the same structure as NaCl, that is the Face Centred Cubic with z = 4
Molar mass of K = 39 g mol −1
Molar mass of Cl = 35.5 g mol −1
Molar mass of KCl = 74.5 g mol −1
 = 1.9893 g cm −3
Edge length,a = 6.29082 A = 6.29082×10 −8 cm
Substituting and calculating:

NA =
4×74.5 g mol −1
−3 −8 3
1.9893 g cm ×6.29082×10 cm
 N A = 6.017x 1023

20 The pyknometric density of sodium chloride crystal is 2.165 x 10 3 kg m–3 while its X-rays density is
2.178 x 103 kg m–3. The fraction of unoccupied sites in sodium chloride crystal is [CBSE PMT 2003]
[1/] 5.96 x 10–3 [2] 5.96 [3] 5.96 x 10–2 [4] 5.96 x 10–1
sol20. T h e pycnometer (fr o m Gr e e k : π υκνός (puk n o s) m e a ni n g "d e n s e "), al s o c all e d pyknometer o r s pe cific
gravity bottle, is a fla s k, u s u ally m a d e of gl a s s , wit h a cl o s e - fittin g g r o u n d gl a s s st o p p e r wit h a c a pill ary
tu b e thr o u g h it, s o th at air b u b bl e s m a y e s c a p e fr o m th e a p p ar atu s . T hi s e n a bl e s th e d e n sity of a fluid t o
b e m e a s ur e d a c c ur at ely, b y r ef er e n c e t o a n a p pr o pri at e w o r ki n g fluid s u c h a s w at er o r m e r c ury, u si n g a n
a n alyti c al b al a n c e .
If th e fla s k is w e i g h e d e m pty, full of w at er, a n d full of a li qui d w h o s e s p e cific g r a vity is d e sir e d , th e
s p e cific g r a vity of th e li qui d c a n e a s ily b e c al c ul at e d . T h e p articl e d e n sity of a p o w d er, t o w hi c h th e u s u al
m e t h o d of w e i g hi n g c a n n ot b e a p pli e d, c a n al s o b e d et er mi n e d wit h a py c n o m e t er. T h e p o w d e r is a d d e d
t o th e py c n o m e t er, w hi c h is th e n w e i g h e d , gi vin g th e w e i g ht of th e p o w d e r s a m pl e . T h e py c n o m e t e r is
th e n fill e d wit h a liqui d of k n o w n d e n sity, in w hi c h th e p o w d e r is c o m pl et ely in s ol u bl e . T h e w e i g ht of th e
di s pl a c e d li qui d c a n th e n b e d et er mi n e d , a n d h e n c e th e s p e cifi c g r a vity of th e p o w d er.

X- ray density is the theoretical density obtained by X – ray diffraction pattern. It does not
account for any defects. The presence of defects makes the pyknometric density different from
the X- ray density
pyknometric density = 2.165 x 103 kg m–3

X-rays density = 2.178 x 103 kg m–3

X – ray density – pyknometric density
The fraction of unoccupied sites in the lattice = X – ray density

2.178×10 3 kg m −3 – 2.165×10 3 kg m −3
= = 5.96×10 −3
2.178×10 3 kg m −3

21 In a crystal both ions are missing from normal sites in equal number. This is an example of -
[1] F-centres [2] Interstitial defect
[3] Frenkel defect [4/] Schottky defect
Sol21. Schottky defects arise when one positive ion and one negative ion are missing from their respective
position leaving behind a pair of holes. These are more common in ionic compounds with high
coordination number and having almost similar size of cations and anions.

22 A certain metal crystallizes in a simple cubic structure. At a certain temperature, it arranges to give a
body centred structure. In this transition, the density of the metal
[1] Decreases [2/] Increases
[3] Remain unchanged [4] Changes without a definite pattern
sol22. The efficiency of a body centred arrangement is higher than the simple cubic arrangement. Hence the
conversion of the simple cubic arrangement to the body centred increases the density.

23 In a close packed array of N spheres, the number of tetrahedral holes are

N
[1] [2] 4N [3/] 2N [4] N
2
sol23. In any close packed arrangement of particles (face centred cubic arrangement that is cubic close
packing or hexagonal close packing) the number of tetrahedral voids is double the number of particles
making the arrangement where as the number of octahedral voids is equal to the number of particles
present in the arrangement.
24 Na2SeO4 and Na2SO4 are
[1/] Isomorphous [2] Polymorphs [3] Alloys [4] Ferromagnetic
sol24. Se and S have very similar sizes hence the sulphate and selenate ions are very similar in size and
properties. Hence sodium selenate and sodium sulphate form exactly the same crystal structures and so
are isomorphous.

25 The edge length of cube is 400 PM. Its body diagonal would be -
[1] 500 PM [2/] 693 PM [3] 600 PM [4] 566 PM
Sol25. The body diagonal of a cube, BD =  3×edge length
= 3 a
=  3 x 400 pm
= 692.82 pm or say 693 pm

26 A pure crystalline substance, on being heated gradually, first forms a turbid looking liquid and then the
turbidity completely disappears. This behaviour is the characteristic of substances forming [BHU 2000]
[1] Isomeric crystals [2/] Liquid crystals
[3] Isomorphous’ crystals [4] Allotropic crystals
sol26. Liquid crystals are partly ordered materials, somewhere between their solid and liquid phases. Their
molecules are often shaped like rods or plates or some other forms that encourage them to align
collectively along a certain direction. The order of liquid crystals can be manipulated with mechanical,
magnetic or electric forces. Finally, liquid crystals are temperature sensitive since they turn into solid if it is
too cold, and into liquid if it is too hot. This phenomenon can, for instance, be observed on laptop screens
when it is very hot or very cold.

27 In the Bragg’s equation for diffraction of X-rays, n represents for [MP PMT 2000]
[1] Quantum number [2/] An integer
[3] Avogadro’s numbers [4] Moles
sol27. The bragg's equation for the X -rays is n  = 2 d sin  . Here n is the order of reflections or the order of
diffraction and is always an integer.  is the wavelength of the X – rays, d is the slit width and  is the
angle of diffraction.

28 The melting point of RbBr is 682°C, while that of NaF is 988°C. The principal reason that melting point of
NaF is much higher than that of RbBr is that
[1] The two crystals are not isomorphous
[2] The molar mass of NaF is smaller than that of RbBr
[3/]’ The internuclear distance, rc + ra is greater for RbBr than for NaF
[4] The bond in RbBr has more covalent character than the bond in NaF
sol28. The melting point of a crystal is directly proportional to its lattice energy. The lattice energy in case of
ionic crystals is itself dependent on the charge of the particles and the distance between them that is the
bond length.
1
Lattice energy is proportional to .
r c r a
The charge in case of NaCl as well as RbBr is the same but the bond length in case of RbBr is much
more than NaCl. Hence the melting point of NaCl is much higher than RbBr.

29 The ionic radii of Rb+ and I– are 1.46 and 2.16 A. The most probable type of structure exhibited by it is
[1] CsCl type [2/] NaCl type [3] ZnS type [4] CaF2 type
sol29. The structures are generally determined by the relative size of the cation and anion as well as the
stoichiometry. RbI is AB kind of arrangement and CaF 2 is AB 2 type. Hence this structure is not
 possible. Radius of Rb  is 1.46 and I − is 2.16.
r
= 0.675 which is in between 0.414 – 0.732 hence Rb would occupy the octahedral voids of I. Hence
r−
it would be NaCl structure.

30 For tetrahedral co-ordination the radius ratio (r+ / r–) should be

[1]. 0.414 - 0.732 [2] > 0.732 [3] 0.156 - 0.225 [4/] 0.225 - 0.414
Sol30. For tetrahedral coordination the ratio is between 0.225 to 0.414

31 Certain crystals produce electric signals on application of pressure. This phenomenon is called
[1] Pyro electricity [2] Ferroelectricity
[3/] Piezoelectricity [4] Ferrielectricity
Sol31. The crystals which produce electricity on application of pressure are called piezoelectric crystals.
Example is quartz.

32 A binary solid (A+ B–) has B– ions constituting the the face centred cube that is the cubic close packing
and A+ ions occupying 25% tetrahedral holes. The formula of solid is
[1] AB [2] A2B [3/] AB2 [4] AB4
Sol32. the C.C.P. Lattice is the face centred cubic arrangement in which the atoms are present at the corners of
the cube and the face centres.
Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
A face-centred atom in a cube is shared by two unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the face = 2

If a face centred cube is divided in eight cubes then each cube contains one tetrahedral void. Since
these voids are within the cube so each tetrahedral void has a contribution of one.
The total contribution of the tetrahedral voids in a face centred cube becomes eight.
It can be seen that the contribution of the particles making the cube is four and tetrahedral voids is eight.
Hence there are two tetrahedral voids for each particle or we can say that:
In any close packed arrangement the number of tetrahedral voids is twice the number of particles
making that arrangement.
B– ion is present at the the corners of the cube and the face centres. Hence the contribution of B– ions =
contribution of corner + contribution of the face
1
As there are 8 corners in a cube, the number of corner atom per unit cell = 8 x 8 = 1.

1
As there are 6 faces in a cube, number of face-centred atoms per unit cell = 6 x 2 = 3.

Total number of B– ions = 1 + 3 = 4

A+ ions occupying 25% tetrahedral holes,
25
hence the number of A+ ions is 100 ×8 = 2

The formula of solid is A 2 B 4 or AB 2

33 The unit cell cube length for LiCl (just like NaCl structure) is 5.14 A. Assuming anion-anion contact, the
ionic radius for chloride ion is
[1/] 1.815 Å [2] 2.8 Å [3] 3.8 Å [4] 4.815 Å
sol33. If we assume the anion anion contact then it would become a normal face centred cubic unit cell only
and all the formula will be applicable. In the case of face centred unit cell the atoms at the corner do not touch
each other. The atom touching each other are the ones on the face diagonal. So the face diagonal is equal to four
times the radius that is d = 4r.
Also the diagonal of the square is 2 a
hence d = 4r =  2 a
a = 2 2 r
4r = 2 a
1 a 1
or r= xa= 2
2 2 4 = 2 2 x a
where a = 5.14 Å
1
or r= x 5.14 Å = 1.815 Å
2 2

34 Copper metal has a face-centred cubic structure with the unit cell length equal 0.361 nm. Picturing
copper ions in contact along the face diagonal. The apparent radius of a copper ion is -
[1/] 0.128 [2] 1.42 [3] 3.22 [4] 4.22
Sol34. In the case of face centred unit cell the atoms at the corner do not touch each other. The atom touching each other
are the ones on the face diagonal. So the face diagonal is equal to four times the radius that is d = 4r.
Also the diagonal of the square is 2 a
hence d = 4r =  2 a
a = 2 2 r
4r = 2 a
1 1
or r= xa=  2 a4 = xa
2 2 2 2
where a = 0.361 nm
1
hence r = x 0.361 nm = 0.128 nm.
2 2

35 X+Y– ionic compound keeps bcc structure. The distance between two nearest ions is 1.73 Å. What
would be edge length of the unit cell ?
3
[1/] 200 pm [2] pm [3] 142.2 pm [4] 2 pm
2
sol35. This is the CsCl arrangement. In this arrangement it is the simple cubic lattice of anion in which the
cation occupies all the body centred voids that is all the centres of the unit cell. Since the cation is
always bigger than the void it occupies the anions are not allowed to touch each other. The ions which
touch each other are on the body diagonal. There are two anions and one cation between them. So the
body diagonal is 2 times the bond length.
Body diagonal, BD = 2r  2r − .=2r  r −  = 2 ×bond length
body diagonal of a cube =  3×edge length = 3 a
body diagonal
a=
3
2×bond length
=
3
The bond length given is, r r − = 1.73 Å
 2×1.73
hence a = 1.73 = 2 nm = 200 pm

36 In a compound, atoms of element Y form ccp lattice and those of element X occupy 2/3rd of tetrahedral
voids. The formula of the compound will be
[1] X 4Y 3 [2] X 2Y 3 [3] X 2 Y [4] X3Y 4
Sol36. Since Y forms the ccp lattice, its contribution per unit cell is 4
The total contribution of the tetrahedral voids in any ccp unit cell is 8
2 16
X occupies 2/3rd of the tetrahedral voids hence its contribution is 3 ×8 = 3
X 16 Y 4
The formula of the compound will be or X 4 Y 3
3

37 An element (atomic mass = 100 g/mol) having bcc structure has unit cell edge 400 pm. Then density of
the element is . [CBSE 1996; AIIMS 2002]
[1] 10.376 g cm −3 [2/] 5.188 g cm −3 [3] 7.289 g cm −3 [4] 2.144 g cm −3
molar mass
Sol. Mass of a particle =
avogadro ' s number
M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length3=a3
Z ×M
=
N A×a 3
The element has body centred cubic lattice hence z = 2
edge length, a = 400 pm = 4×10−8 cm
M = 100 g mol −1
2×100 g mol −1
= 23 −1 −8 3
6.022×10 mol ×4×10 cm
= 5.188 g cm−3

38 Which of the following is incorrect statement:

[1] ZnO on heating becomes yellow due to metal excess defect.
[2] Density gets reduced due to Schottky defect
[3/] Farbe centre is produced due to cation vacancy.
[4] Both (1) and (2)
Sol. Farbe centres are produced due to the presence of free electrons in the vacancy of anions. These are
formed in anion deficiency defects.
39 How many unit cells are present in a cube- shaped ideal crystal of NaCl of mass 1.00 g
[Atomic masses: Na = 23. Cl = 35.5] [AIEEE 2003]
[1/] 2.57 x 1021 unit cells [2] 5.14 x 1021 unit cells
[3] 1.28 x 1021 unit cells [4] 1.71 x 1021 unit cells
Sol39. Number of formula units of NaCl present in 58.5 g NaCl = 6.022×10 23
 6.022×10 23
Number of formula units of NaCl present in 1 g NaCl =
58.5
4 formula units of NaCl form 1 unit cell
23 23
6.022×10 1 6.022×10
units of NaCl form × unit cells
58.5 4 58.5
= 2.57×10 21 unit cells

40 How many number of atoms are there in a cube based unit cell having one atom on each corner and two
atoms on each body diagonal of cube
[1] 8 [2] 6 [3] 4 [4/] 9
sol40. Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
the diagonal of the cube is within it hence the contribution of the atoms on the diagonal is one each.
The number of body diagonal in a cube = 4.
total contribution of the atoms present on the diagonals = 2 ×4 = 8
1
contribution of the atoms at the corners = 8 ×8 = 1
Total contribution = 1 + 8 = 9

41 Which of the following statements is not true about NaCl structure [DCE 2001]
[1] Cl– ions are in FCC arrangement [2/] Na+ ions has coordination number 4
[3] Cl–
ions has coordination number 6 [4] Each unit cell contains 4NaCl molecules
Sol41. NaCl has sodium in octahedral voids of chloride. Hence its coordination number is 6 and not 4.

42 The number of atoms/molecules contained in one face centred cubic unit cell of a mono atomic
substance is -
[1] 1 [2] 2 [3/] 4 [4] 6
sol42. the C.C.P. Lattice is the face centred cubic arrangement in which the atoms are present at the corners of
the cube and the face centres.
Each corner of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each atom present at the corners is
shared amongst eight unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the corner of the cube = 8
A face-centred atom in a cube is shared by two unit cells.
1
Hence the contribution of the atom at the centre of the face = 2

1
The total contribution of the corners = 8× 8 = 1

1
The total contribution of the face centres = 6× 2 = 3

The total contribution in the cube = 1 + 3 = 4

43 Sodium metal crystallizes as a’ body centred cubic lattice with the cell edge 4.29 Å. What is the radius of
sodium atom [AllMS 1999]
[1/] 1.857x 10–8cm [2] 2.371 x 10–7cm
[3] 3.817 x 10–8cm [4] 9.312 x 10–7cm
Sol43. In a body centred cubic arrangement a particle is present in the centre of the cube. The particle in the
centre of the cube is identical to the particle on the corners. The particles which are touching each other
are the particles at the body diagonal. Four particles are in straight line. So the length of the body
diagonal becomes
body diagonal = 4×radius = 4r
the body diagonal of a cube, BD =  3×edge length
= 3 a
hence body diagonal, BD = 4r =  3 a

r= 3 a
4
edge length a = 4.29 Å

r=
 3 4.29 = 1.857Å = 1.857x 10–8cm
4

44 What type of crystal defect is indicated in the diagram shown below?

Na  Cl − Na  Cl − Na Cl −
Cl − [ ]Cl − Na  [] Na 
Na  Cl − []Cl − Na  Cl −
Cl − Na  Cl − Na  [ ] Na
[1] Frenkel defect [2/] Schottky defect [3] Interstitial defect [4] Frenkel and
Schottky defects
sol44. In this structure equal number of cation and anion are missing from their respective positions. Hence the
charges are equal and stoichiometry does not change. This is the schottky defect.

45 Fraction of total volume occupied by atoms in a body centred cube is -

   
[1] [2/] 3 [3] 2 [4]
2 8 6 6
Sol45. In a body centred cubic unit cell the atoms are present on the corners and the body centres. Each corner
of a cubic unit cell is a part of eight unit cells. Hence each of the eight atom present at the eight corners
is shared amongst eight unit cells. The atoms at the centre of the cube is a part of only one cube hence
its contribution is 1.
The contribution of the corner of a cubic unit cell is 1/8. Hence number of atoms per unit cell for a body
1
centred cubic cell = 8 x 8 + 1 = 2
In case of a body centred cubic unit cell the atoms at the body diagonal of unit cell touch each other.
This makes the body diagonal of the unit cell four times the radius of the particle making the unit cell.
Hence body diagonal = 4r =  3 a
4
a= r
3
Volume occupied by one atom
∴ Packing fraction = Volume of unit cell
4 3
4 3 r
r 3 3
= 3 = 3 =
a
3 4
3
r
  8

46 If the r Na  = 95 pm, and r Cl − = 181 pm then the edge length of the NaCl unit cell is
[1] 319 pm [2/] 552 pm [3] 390.2 pm [4] 276 pm
sol46. NaCl is a face centred cube of Chloride ions in which Sodium ions occupy all the octahedral voids that is
all the edge centres and the body centre. Hence the edge length is 2 ×bond length =
2 ×r Na r Cl  = 2 ×95181  = 552 pm
 −

47 At room temperature, sodium crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice with a = 4.24 A. The theoretical
density of sodium (At wt. of Na = 23) is
[1/] 1.002 g cm −3 [2] 2.002 g cm −3 [3] 3.002 g cm −3 [4]
None
molar mass
Sol47. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
=
6.022×10 23 mol −1
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z×
6.022×1023 mol −1
3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  = a3
Z ×M
 = 3
N A×a
Na has body centred cubic lattice hence z = 2
edge length, a = 4.24 A = 4.24×10 −8 cm
M = 23 g mol −1

 =
2×23 g mol −1
23 −1 −8 3
6.022×10 mol ×4.24×10 cm
= 1.002 g cm −3

48 A solid having no definite shape is called

[1/] Amorphous solid [2] Crystalline solid
[3] Anisotropic solid [4] None

49 Which of the following magnetic properties are explained by the alignment of magnetic domains as
  
[1] Diamagnetic [2/] Paramagnetic [3] Ferromagnetic [4/] Antiferromagnetic
Sol. The specie does contain the unpaired electrons but the number of upspin electrons are exactly same as
the number of electrons having down spin. Hence this substance would behave as a diamagnetic
substance and would be known as antiferromagnetic substance.

50 Potassium has a bcc structure with nearest neighbor distance 4.52 A. Its atomic weight is 39. Its density
(in kg m–3) will be [AllMS 1991]
[1] 454 [2] 804 [3] 852 [4/] 908
molar mass
Sol50. Mass of a particle = av ogadro ' s number

M
= 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
The total contribution in the unit cell = z
mass of the unit cell = total contribution×mass of one particle
M
= z× 23 −1
6.022×10 mol
 3 3
Volume of a cubic unit cell = edge length  =a
Z ×M
 =
N A×a 3
K has body centred cubic lattice hence z = 2
edge length, a = 4.52 A = 4.52×10 −10 m
M = 39×10 −3 kg mol −1

 =
2×39×10 −3 kg mol −1
6.022×10 23 mol −1×4.52 ×10−10 m 3
= 908 kg m −3