CnA1Lk VI

ICkCL ICkCL
AND
MC1ICN II MC1ICN II
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
DkAG ICkCL AND 1LkMINAL SLLD
UNIICkM CIkCULAk MC1ICN
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
CuesLlon lf Lhe frlcLlon were absenL whaL would happen?
Answer
?ou could noL walk wlLhouL Lhe frlcLlon beLween
your shoes and Lhe ground
?ou could noL sLop wlLhouL Lhe frlcLlon of
Lhe brakes and Lhe Llres
?our car even would noL sLarL movlng lf lL
wasnL for Lhe frlcLlon of Lhe Llres agalnsL
Lhe sLreeL
?ou could noL hold a pencll ln your
hand wlLhouL frlcLlon lL would sllp ouL
when you Lrled Lo hold lL Lo wrlLe
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
@here ls no aLLempL aL slldlng
no moLlon nC l8lC@lCn
lorce l ottempts
slldlng buL ls balanced
by Lhe frlcLlonal force
no moLlon
S1A1IC IkIC1ICN
lorce l ls oow sLronger buL ls
sLlll balanced by Lhe
frlcLlonal force
no moLlon
LA8CL8 S1A1IC IkIC1ICN
llnally Lhe applled force
has overwhelmed Lhe
sLaLlc frlcLlonal force
8lock slldes and
acceleraLes
WLAk kINL1IC IkIC1ICN
@o malnLaln Lhe speed
weaken force l to motcb
Lhe weak frlcLlonal force
SAML WLAk kINL1IC
IkIC1ICN
SLaLlc frlcLlonal force
can only maLch growlng
applled force
SLaLlc frlcLlonal force
acLs when Lhere ls no
relaLlve moLlon
beLween Lhe body and
Lhe conLacL
klneLlc frlcLlonal force
has only one value
(no maLchlng)
When Lhere ls a relaLlve
moLlon beLween Lhe body
and Lhe surface klneLlc
frlcLlon sLarLs Lo acL
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
When Lwo surfaces are placed LogeLher only Lhe hlgh polnL Lo Louch each oLher Many
conLacL polnLs do colJwelJ LogeLher
lorce requlred Lo break Lhe welds and malnLaln Lhe moLlon
Slldlng moLlon of one surface over anoLher ls [erky because
Lhe Lwo surfaces alLernaLlvely sLlck LogeLher and sllp
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
roperty 1 lf Lhe body does noL move Lhen Lhe sLaLlc frlcLlonal force and
Lhe componenL of I LhaL ls parallel Lo Lhe surface balance each oLher @hey
are equal ln magnlLude and ls f
s
dlrecLed opposlLe LhaL componenL of I
roperty 2 @he magnlLude of has a maxlmum value f
smox
tbot ls qlveo by
where 3
s
ls tbe coefficient of stotic friction and
-
is the moqnitude of the normo/ force on
Lhe body from Lhe surface lf Lhe magnlLude of Lhe componenL of LhaL ls parallel Lo Lhe
surface exceeds f
smox
Lhen Lhe body beglns Lo sllde along Lhe surface
ropert|es of Ir|ct|on Iorce
roperty 3 lf Lhe body beglns Lo sllde along Lhe surface Lhe magnlLude of Lhe frlcLlonal force
rapldly decreases Lo a value f

qlveo by
where 3

ls tbe coefficient of kinetic friction @hereafLer durlng Lhe slldlng o kinetic frictiono/
force f
k
opposes Lhe moLlon
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
ropert|es of Ir|ct|on Iorce
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
Samp|e rob|em
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
IkIC1ICN ICkCL
Samp|e rob|em
DkAG ICkCL AND 1LkMINAL SLLD
When Lhere ls a relaLlve veloclLy beLween a fluld and a body (elLher because Lhe body
moves Lhrough Lhe fluld or because Lhe fluld moves pasL Lhe body) Lhe body
experlences a drag force D that opposes the re|at|ve mot|on and po|nts |n the
d|rect|on |n whlch Lhe fluld flows relaLlve Lo Lhe body
W lor cases ln whlch alr ls Lhe fluld and Lhe body ls blunL (llke a baseball) raLher Lhan
slender (llke a [avelln) and Lhe relaLlve moLlon ls fasL enough so LhaL Lhe alr becomes
LurbulenL (breaks up lnLo swlrls) behlnd Lhe body
ls uragg force
p ls Lhe alr denslLy (mass per volume)
A ls Lhe effect|ve crosssect|ona| area of the body (the area
of a cross sect|on taken perpend|cu|ar to the ve|oc|ty) and
ls Lhe drag coeff|c|ent
ls Lhe speed
@he skler ln an egg poslLlon"
Lo mlnlmlze alr drag
@he sky dlvers ln a horlzonLal spread eagle"
maxlmlze alr drag
DkAG ICkCL AND 1LkMINAL SLLD
When a blunL body falls from resL Lhrough alr Lhe drag force ls dlrecLed upward lLs
magnlLude gradually lncreases from zero as Lhe speed of Lhe body lncreases lrom
newLon's second law along y oxls
where m ls Lhe mass of Lhe body LvenLually a 0 and Lhe body Lhen falls aL a
consLanL speed called Lhe term|na| speed v
t

DkAG ICkCL AND 1LkMINAL SLLD
Samp|e rob|em
A raln drop wlLh radlus 813 mm falls from a cloud LhaL ls aL helghL h1200m above Lhe
ground @he drag coefflclenL C for Lhe drop ls 060 Assume LahL Lhe drop ls spherlcal
LhroughouL lLs fall @he denslLy of Lhe waLer p
w
ls 1000kg/m
3
and Lhe denslLy of alr p
a
ls
12 kg/m
3
(8adlus of raln drop ls 13 mm)
a) WhaL ls Lhe Lermlnal speed?
b) WhaL would be Lhe drop's speed [usL before lmpacL lf Lhere were no drag force?
DkAG ICkCL AND 1LkMINAL SLLD
UNIICkM CIkCULAk MC1ICN
A body movlng wlLh speed v ln unlform clrcular moLlon feels a cenLrlpeLal acceleraLlon
dlrecLed Lowards Lhe cenLer of Lhe clrcle of radlus 8
Samp|e rob|em
UNIICkM CIkCULAk MC1ICN
a) lf Lhe car ls on Lhe verge of slldlng ouL of Lhe Lurn when lLs speed ls 286 m/s
whaL ls Lhe magnlLude of Lhe negaLlve llfL

acLlng downward on Lhe car?

b) @he magnlLude

of Lhe negaLlve llfL on a car depends on Lhe square of Lhe car's
speed
2
[usL as Lhe drag force does @hus Lhe negaLlve llfL on Lhe car here ls greaLer
when Lhe car Lravels fasLer as lL does on a sLralghL secLlon of Lrack
WhaL ls Lhe magnlLude of Lhe negaLlve llfL for a speed of 90 m/s?
Samp|e rob|em
UNIICkM CIkCULAk MC1ICN
Samp|e rob|em
UNIICkM CIkCULAk MC1ICN
@wo blocks wlLh masses m
A
20 kg and m
8
80 kg are connecLed wlLh a flexlble cable
LhaL passes over a frlcLlonless pulley as shown ln llg 94 @he coefflclenL of frlcLlon
beLween Lhe blocks ls 023 lf moLlon of Lhe blocks ls lmpendlng deLermlne Lhe
coefflclenL of frlcLlon beLween block 8 and Lhe lncllned surface and Lhe Lenslon ln Lhe
cable beLween Lhe Lwo blocks
Samp|e rob|em
l
y
A
n
19614 cos(33H) 0
A
n
16067 n
lor lmpendlng moLlon of Lhe block A (A
f
3
s

A
n
)
l
x
@ + 023(16067) + 19614 sln 33H 0
@ 13267 n
lree body dlagram for block A
@he masses of blocks A and 8 of llg 936 are m
A
40 kg and m
8
83 kg lf Lhe
coefflclenL of frlcLlon ls 023 for boLh surfaces deLermlne Lhe force requlred Lo
cause lmpendlng moLlon of block 8
Samp|e rob|em
lrom a freebody dlagram for Lhe block A when moLlon
ls lmpendlng
A
f
A
f
(max) 3
A
A
n
023 A
n
W
A
m
A
g 40 (9807) 39228 n
l
y
A
n
cos 43H + A
f
sln 43H W
A
A
n
cos 43H + 023 A
n
sln 43H 39228 0
A
n
44381 n
A
f
023 A
n
11093 n
lrom a freebody dlagram for Lhe
block 8 when moLlon ls lmpendlng
l
x
cos 20HW
8
sln 43HA
f
8
f
cos 20H83360 sln 43H110930238
n
0
W
8
m
8
g 83 (9807) 83360 n

f
8
f
(max) 38
n
0238
n
l
y
sln 20H W
8
cos 43H A
n
+ 8
n
sln 20H 83360 cos 43H 44381 + 8
n
0
933 n