Concepts Involving The MOLE alexteoh@chij.

sngs / update: 12 July 2008

Concepts

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 X 10 particles of that substance. The particles 23 can be atoms, molecules or ions. Note: The number 6.02 X 10 is also known as Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant CLICK Examples: One mole of oxygen
23

23

atoms contains 6.02 X 10 oxygen atoms ; One mole of oxygen molecules contains 6.02 X 10 23 oxygen molecules ; One mole of oxygen ions contains 6.02 X 10 oxygen ions

23

The mass of one mole of any substance is called the molar mass. A) One mole of an element has a mass that is equal to its Relative ATOMIC Mass in grams ( see Table 1) B) One mole of a compound (molecular) has a mass that is equal to its Relative MOLECULAR mass in grams while one mole of a compound (ionic) has a mass that is equal to its Relative FORMULA mass in grams. (see Table 2) One mole ANY gas at rtp ( 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere ) occupies a volume of 3 3 24 dm or 24,000 cm . This volume is called the molar gas volume at rtp. ( see Table 3 )

Table 1
Element (metals /
non metals)

Relative Atomic Mass of 1 mole of Number of atoms present in Mass element 1 mole of element 23 Magnesium 24 24 grams 6.02 X 10 23 Iron 56 56 grams 6.02 X 10 23 Carbon 12 12 grams 6.02 X 10 23 Nitrogen 14 14 grams 6.02 X 10 From the above, we can deduce that equal numbers of moles of any element always contain the same number of atoms.

Table 2
Compound ( molecules
or ionic )

Formula C2H5OH H2O MgCl2 CaO

Ethanol (liquid at rtp) Water Magnesium chloride (ionic compound) Calcium oxide (ionic compound) .

Relative Molecular / Formula Mass 46 18 95 56

Mass of 1 mole of substance 46 grams 18 grams 95 grams 56 grams

Number of particles present in 1 mole of substance 23 6.02 X 10 molecules 23 6.02 X 10 molecules 23 6.02 X 10 units of MgCl2 23 or 6.02 X 10 ions of Mg 23 and 2 X 6.02 X 10 ions of Cl 23 6.02 X 10 units of CaO 23 or 6.02 X 10 ions of Ca 23 and 6.02 X 10 ions of O

Table 3
The concept of molar gas volume is derived from Avogadro's Law CLICK which states that equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. For 3 3 eg., at rtp, 100 cm of hydrogen gas contains the same number of molecules as 100 cm of carbon dioxide gas.

Name of Gas
Hydrogen Ammonia Oxygen Sulphur Dioxide

Formula H2 NH3 O2 SO2

Relative MOLECULAR Mass 2 17 32 64

Mass of 1 mole of Gas 2 grams 17 grams 32 grams 64 grams

Volume of 1 mole of gas at rtp 3 24 dm 3 24 dm 3 24 dm 3 24 dm

Size Matters How BIG is the MOLE ? CLICK Animated Tutorial The MOLE CLICK
alexteoh / chij-SJC / update: 27 Dec 2004-1155 am ; 1st pub: 2001