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Lfi L 3 u r 7
12-23-71
. i
TORQUE -TENSION RELATIONSHIPS STATIC PRELOAD LOSS OF HIGH ST HEAT RESISTANT, AND CORROSION RESISTANT AIRCRAFT ALLOY FAST
LOCKHEED * CALPFOIWNIA
A
DIVISION OF LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT
COMPANY
CORPORATION
IIEVISIOI\IS
I.
ABSTRACT
preload. l o s s t e s t s conducted on high s t r e n g t h , heat r e s i s t a n t , and c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t f a s t e n e r s that a r e c u r r e n t l y used o r intended f o r f u t u r e u s e i n Lockheed-California Company a i r c r a f t . R e s e a r c h and Testing C o r p o r a t i o n . Lockheed. A l l t e s t i n g w a s conducted by A l m a y
All f a s t e n e r h a r d w a r e w a s supplied b y
t o r q u e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r optimum joint p r e l o a d .
The t e s t d a t a r e s u l t i n g f r o m this p r o g r a m w a s g e n e r a t e d b y wrenching the nut and w a s l i m i t e d to two installation c y c l e s . added l u b r i c a n t s w a s d e t e r m i n e d . The effect of two different
T h e s e l u b r i c a n t s w e r e MIL-T-5544, a
The conclusions of t h i s r e p o r t a r e that the installation torque r e q u i r e m e n t s of f a s t e n e r s v a r y due to f a s t e n e r m a t e r i a l s , l u b r i c a n t s u s e d , r a t e d s t r e n g t h of the f a s t e ~ e r ,f i n i s h e s , and installation cycle n u m b e r . In addition, e a c h
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REVISIONS
11.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
S t a n d a r d P r e s s e d S t e e l Co. , V a l l e y T o d e c o , I n c .
Sub-
T h e a u t h o r s f u t h e r acknowledge t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n of A l m a y R e s e a r c h a n d T e s t i n g C o r p o r a t i o n i n p e r f o r m a n c e of t h e t e s t i n g , w h i c h w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d
SECTION ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T A B L E O F CONTENTS LIST O F T A B L E S INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE CONC LUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS PARTS TESTED TEST SPECIMENS T E S T PROCEDURE DISCUSSION O F T E S T RESULTS APPENDIX LIST O F R E F E R E N C E S BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAGE
ii iii
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CdLIFOIWMIIA
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COMPAEQY
CORPORATION
REVlSlONS
IV.
LISTOFTABUS
TABLE
PAGE
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REPORT NO.
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49
S h e a r , tension, and fatigue c r i t i c a l bolts and nuts r e q u i r e different installation torque l i m i t s i n o r d e r L o achieve optimum joint preload. Fatigue-
sensitive, highly loaded joints a r e subject to p r e m a t u r e failure of the s t r u c t u r e o r f a s t e n e r i f the f a s t e n e r installation torque i s below optimum. An installation
torque g r e a t e r than optimum can c a u s e p r e m a t u r e fastener failure by inducing preloads g r e a t e r than the f a s t e n e r yield strength.
'1. P
for alloy s t e e l , cadmium plated bolts and s t e e l , cadmium plated, d r y film l u b r i c a t e d nuts a r e well documented (1). T h e s e established relationships a r e available to d e s i g n e r s via various r e f e r e n c e manuals. The f i r s t objective of
this test p r o g r a m was to establish torque-tension relationships for f a s t e n e r s of m a t e r i a l s other than those a l r e a d y documented. It had been suggested that This l o s s
m a y be a r e s u l t of relaxation in the joint o r r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e c r e e p i n the fastener. T h i s phenomena h a s not been investigated to any g r e a t degree by The second objective of this p r o g r a m was to d e t e r m i n e
p r i o r investigators.
After this t e s t p r o g r a m was initially defined a recent torque-tension t e s t r e p o r t ( 2 ) p r e p a r e d by Almay R e s e a r c h and Testing Corporation under a NASA contract was m a d e available to us. After review of this t e s t r e p o r t our proposed The two p r o g r a m s now comple-
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A D I V I S I O N O F
~ A L I F O R M I A COMPANY
L O C K H E E D AIRCRAFT CORPORATION REPORT NO. PAGE NO.
REVISIONS
V.
INTRODUCTION (C ontinued)
they h a d j u s t
completed the torque -tension study f o r NASA (which r e s u l t e d i n a r e p o r t of o v e r 700 p a g e s , s e e Ref 2), 2. they w e r e located i n the L o s Angeles
a r e a s o t e s t i n g could be m o n i t o r e d and coordination could be conducted e a s i l y , and 3. t h e i r e s t i m a t e of c o s t w a s i n line with budget predictions.
f e l t that t h i s r e p o r t , which i n c l u d e s o b s e r v a t i o n s , photos, d e s c r i p t i o n of t e s t equipment, and c o m m e n t s , would add g r e a t l y to the value of t h i s program. F o r t h i s r e a s o n M r . B r e n n e r l s offer w a s accepted. His
OBJECTIVE
The f i r s t objective of t h i s p r o g r a m was to provide torque-tension d a t a f o r bolts and nuts f r o m which installation torque r e q u i r e m e n t s could be determined.
The second objective of this p r o g r a m was to d e t e r m i n e the magnitude of any s t a t i c p r e l o a d l o s s , a s a function of t i m e , so that i t s significance could
be established.
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REVISIONS
VII.
CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
( 6 ) Varying w a s h e r m a t e r i a l s , h e a t t r e a t l e v e l s , f i n i s h e s , and
dimensions,
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(8) S e a l a n t s f o r e i t h e r e n v i r o n m e n t a l o r d i s s i m i l a r m e t a l protection,
( 9 ) Other f a s t e n e r m a t e r i a l s .
a p r o p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l of the S t a n d a r d P r e s s e d S t e e l Co.
low m a g n e t i c p e r m e a b i l i t y , i s v e r y c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t , h e a t t r e a t a b l e to 260 KSI m i n i m u m u l t i m a t e t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h , and dynamically i t i s a t l e a s t equal to the b e s t of the available noncorrosion resistant materials. It i s hoped that any f u t ~ r e
torque -tension t e s t p r o g r a m would include sufficient quantities of MP-35N bolts s o t h a t t o r q u e - t e n s i o n r e l a t i o n s h i p data f o r t h i s m a t e r i a l could be established,
F u t u r e p r e l o a d l o s s s t u d i e s a r e a l s o recommended,
The effect of
FORM 4020
F i n a l l y i t i s r e c o m m e n d e d that the data g e n e r a t e d by t h i s p r o g r a m be r e d u c e d into a f o r m m o r e r e a d i l y u s e a b l e , by d e s i g n e n g i n e e r s , in specifying installation torque l i m i t s f o r optimum joint preload. shoi~ld be published i n the S t r e s s M e m o Manual. T h i s information
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VIII
PARTS TESTED
These p a r t s were
In s o m e c a s e s the a s r e c e i v e d p a r t s w e r e only t e s t e d with added lubricants. It was f e l t that t h e s e p a r t s should always be i n s t a l l e d with added
l u b r i c a n t s i n o r d e r to m i n i m i z e the installation torque r e q u i r e m e n t s , and that the adding of a l u b r i c a n t would provide the m o s t c o n s i s t e n t torque-tension r,elationships between s p e c i m e n s and be tween installation c y c l e s .
FORM 402D
A s Received
NAS6404U15 NAS6405U3 1
LH7875-4
A s Received
As Received
MIL-T -5544
NAS6406U34
NAS1291C6M
MIL-T -5544
MIL-T-5544
MIL-T -5544
LOCKWEED
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COMPANY
CORPORATION REPORT NO. PAGE NO.
RLVISIoNS
I (Continued)
g :
Nut P a r t NO.
Combination Rating
Lubrication Condition
Tension
MIL-T -5544
Shear
MIL-T -5544
Tension
A s Received
Tension
n/IIL-T -5544
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
+ : S o u r c e s of m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s p a r t n u m b e r s a r e shown below Table 11.
FORM 4020
T A B L E I1 - P r e l o a d L o s s T e s t Specimen Combinations
A s Received
MS21250-05022 MS21250-06024
MIL-T-5544
l~lS21250-05022
MIL-L-23398
NAS6404U15
A s Received
As Received
NAS6405U31
NrlS1291C5M
As Received
NAS6303U28D
NAS1291C5M NAS1291C6M
A s Received
s:~
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A s Received
M I L - T -5544
7071SV6-23
MIL-T-5544
MIL-T-5544
MIL-T-5544
:
BMN4122
P a r t Number Series
L,H10205, LH7559, LH7875, 109LH9074 VEP220555 4 8 F T , 69678, 696.80, 70718, 72914, 73178
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14 D I V l S l O N O F L O C K H E E D
pensate f o r bending and & e r e f o r e bending i n the t e s t s p e c i m e n did not effect the load r e a d i n g s . The a r r a n g e m e n t of the t e s t s e t up i s r e p r e s e n t e d
FORM 4020
FIGURE I
T E S T SET U P
LOCKHEED * CAL11FORNrA
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COMPAHY
CORPORATlON REPORT NO. PAGE NO.
REViSIONS
X.
TEST PROCEDURE
111 o r d e r
with T e s t 8 of MIL-STD-1312.
T h i s involves loading the nut and bolt axially Bolt yield s t r e n g t h The second
nut was turned on to the bolt in i n c r e m e n t s of t o r q u e . were recorded for each increment.
Torque w a s i n c r e a s e d until s t r a i n r e a d i n g s
indicated that the bolt-nut combination had b e e n loaded p a s t yield point o r to failure. In subsequent t e s t s the f a s t e n e r s , w e r e loaded p r o p o r t i o n a l to the
yield s t r e n g t h a s d e t e r m i n e d b y e i t h e r of t h e s e m e t h o d s .
C o m p r e s s i o n load c e l l s w e r e u s e d
i n conjunction with torque w r e n c h e s to d e t e r m i n e the t o r q u e - t e n s i o n relationships. w e r e obtained. The load c e l l s w e r e c a l i b r a t e d and c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e s Torque w r e n c h e s w e r e a c c u r a t e to within i6 p e r c e n t .
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L O C K H E E D
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X.
Countersunk w a s h e r s w e r e placed under bolt h e a d s , and plain w a s h e r s w e r e placed under the nut. T e s t specimens w e r e assernbled in the t e s t Torque w a s applied in i n c r e m e n t s
fixture a s r e p r e s e n t e d by F i g u r e I.
until s t r a i n readings approached values indicating that the d e s i r e d preload of 80 to 90 p e r c e n t of bolt-nut yield strength h a d been reached, The
f a s t e n e r w a s then d i s a s s e m b l e d and the procedure was r e p e a t e d to obtain a second s e t of datum points. Where lubricants w e r e added, they w e r e
applied to bolt t h r e a d s and nut-washer interface in a conservative manner. The bolt head w a s held stationary and the nut w a s turned onto the bolt in all cases. T h r e e specimens w e r e tested f o r each t e s t condition.
The bolt-
nut combination w a s preloaded to 80 to 9 0 p e r c e n t of yield a s indicated by s t r a i n readings. S t r a i n readings w e r e made a t one hour i n t e r v a l s for the
f i r s t eight h o u r s , twice in the next 24 h o u r s , and daily for the next two days. Total time f o r each t e s t w a s not l e s s than 70 h o u r s . w a s to the nut with the bolt held stationary. Application of torque
applied to the bolt t h r e a d s and nut-washer i n t e r f a c e in a conservative manner. The initial s t r a i n readings w e r e made while the installation seating torque w a s maintained. The second s t r a i n reading was made 3 minutes a f t e r the
110CPdlHEED
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The reduction of the t e s t d a t a w a s beyond the scope of t h i s p r o g r a m and t h e r e f o r e no specific r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r installation torque l i m i t s a r e made herein.
G e n e r a l l y speaking the torque - tension t e s t s indicated that t h e r e was c o n s i d e r a b l e d i f f e r e n c e between the 3 individual s p e c i m e n s i n a given group and between the g r o u p s of s p e c i m e n s of e a c h t h r e a d s i z e . a l l g r o u p s of F o r example, f o r
. 1900-32 t h r e a d e d
f a s t e n e r s , i n s t a l l e d to 40 inch pounds of
torque, t h e r e w a s a d i f f e r e n c e of 1, 739 pounds i n the induced bolt p r e l o a d between the lowest and highest v a l u e s . F o r 160 KSI tension r a t e d f a s t e n e r s T h i s c a n be
P r e l o a d l o s s t e s t s showed s i m i l a r d i f f e r e n c e s i n the f a s t e n e r p r e l o a d a s a r e s u l t of the i n s t a l l a t i o n torque, however, the object of this p o r t i o n of the p r o g r a m w a s to d e t e r m i n e how l o s s of f a s t e n e r p r e l o a d v a r i e s i n a s t a t i c joint as a function of t i m e . It w a s d e t e r m i n e d that e v e r y s p e c i m e n l o s t s o m e of i t s The g r e a t e s t l o s s e s
The p r e l o a d a p p e a r e d to
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e o w ~ n i ~ v
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REPORT N
PAGE NO.
REVISIONS
XI.
The appendix a l s o includes a n IDC which r e p o r t s the r e s u l t s of a torque-tension t e s t on the I inch d i a m e t e r VEP220555 bolts and LH10205 nuts.
T h i s IDC h a s been included b e c a u s e this f a s t e n e r i s p a r t of the s e r i e s t e s t e d
in t h i s p r o g r a m .
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LIST OF REFERENCES
(1)
J . I. P R I C E a n d D. K . T R A S K - T h e R e l a t i o n B e t w e e n T o r q u e a n d B u r e a u of N a v a l W e a p o n s T e n s i o n f o r High S t r e n g t h F a s t e n e r s . ( B U W E P S ) R e p o r t No. R U E - 3 4 3 - 6 1 - 1 . P r e p a r e d by t h e N a t i o n a l B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s , A u g u s t 1 9 6 1 . U n c l a s s i f i e d
(2)
(3)
H. S . B R E N N E R - R e s u l t s of T o r q u e - T e n s i o n R e l a t i o n s h i p S t u d y P r o g r a m of V a r i o u s S t r i l c t u r a l B o l t s a n d M a t i n g N u t s S u b m i t t e d by T h e L o c k h e e d - C a l i f o r n i a C o m p a n y , B u r b a n k , C a l i f o r n i a . A l m a y R e s e a r c h a n d T e s t i n g C o r p o r a t i o n R e p o r t No. A 5 4 1 7 , D e c e m b e r 23, 1 9 7 1 . U n c l a s s i f i e d
1 I
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H a r r y S. B r e n n e r - F a s t e n e r Specifications, A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , August 1964, R e p r i n t R o b e r t A. D e g e n - P r e v a i l i n g - T o r q u e L o c k n u t s What T h e y A r e and W h e r e T h e y Should B e Used, A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , J u n e 197 0, p g s 30-34 R o b e r t A. Degen - P r e v a i l i n g - Torque Locknuts What T h e y A r e and W h e r e T h e y Should B e U s e d . . . , P a r t 2 A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , J u l y 197 0, p g s . 28-31 R a l p h J. E r i s m a n - T o r q u e - T e n s i o n R e l a t i o n s h i p s of T h r e a d e d F a s t e n e r s , F a s t e n e r s , Winter 1 9 6 8 / 6 $ , Volume 23, No. 4, p g s 9-11 R o b e r t J . F i n k e l s t o n - How M u c h Shake C a n B o l t e d J o i n t s T a k e ? , M a c h i n e D e s i g n , O c t o b e r 5, 1972, p g s 122-1 25 J a m e s E . F o i s y - A n a l y s i s of Nut and B o l t T o r q u e s , P a r t 2 A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , J a n u a r y , 1968, p g s 2 0 - 2 2 S a m u e l C . G a m b r e l l , J r . - Why B o l t s L o o s e n M a c h i n e D e s i g n , O c t o b e r 24, 1968, p g s 163-167 F r a n k L. G i l l - B a s i c F a s t e n e r F u n c t i o n s i n E n v i r o n m e n t s of M e c h a n i c a l S t r e s s , P a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t U. C . L. A. Extension Course, Mechanical F a s t e n e r s , F e b r u a r y 8-10, 1972 F r e d Graves - F a s t e n e r Preload - Why?, A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , O c t o b e r 1970, p g 32 F r e d Graves - Fastener Preload - How?, A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , N o v e m b e r 197 0, p g 32
I
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(Continued)
T o m G r e e n - Select F a s t e n e r s f o r F u l l T o r q u e R e s e a r c h / D e v e l o p m e n t , N o v e m b e r 1966, P g s 38-40 T o m G r e e n - A New D i s c o v e r y f o r C o n t r o l l i n g t h e T o r a ue / T e n s i o n Relationshir, A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , J u l y 1972, P g s 42 -47 E l l s w o r t h M. Gunther - A s s e m b l y S i m p l i f i c a t i o n With T o r q u e - T e n s i o n N o m o g r a m s A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , O c t o b e r , 1969, P g s 36-40 Rodger Hansen - Reader Feedback: The Turn-oft h e -Nut Method ( C o n t i n u e d ) A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , August 1967, P g s 18-22
A. G. H o p p e r a n d G. V . T h o m p s o n - S t r e s s i n P r e l o a d e d B o l t s - P r o d u c t E n g i n e e r i n g , S e p t e m b e r 14, 1964 P g s 81-87
M. D. H o z a
R . R . I r v i n g - Who Know's How Tight i s Tight I r o n A g e , O c t o b e r 3, 1968, P g s 85-92 G e r h a r d H. J u n k e r - New C r i t e r i a f o r S e l f - L o o s e n i n g of F a s t e n e r s Under V i b r a t i o n - SAE P a p e r 690055 G e h a r d M e y e r , a n d D i e t e r S t r e l o w - Sirnple D i a g r a m s A i d i n Analyzing F o r c e s in Bolted j o i n t s A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , J a n u a r y 1972, P g s 2 8 - 3 3 G e h a r d M e y e r , . a n d D i e t e r S t r e l o w - How t o C a l c u l a t e P r e l o a d L o s s Due to P e r m a n e n t S e t i n Bolted J o i n t s A s s e m b l y E n g i n e e r i n g , F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 2 , P g s 30 -34
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Continued)
W:P.
C a r l C . O s g o o d - How E l a s t i c i t y I n f l u e n c e s B o l t e d - J o i n t Design, Spring Theory M a c h i n e Desig-n, F e b r u a r y 24, 1 9 7 2 , P g s 9 2 - 9 5 C a r l C. 0 s good - H o w E l a s t i c i t y I n f l u e n c e s B o l t e d - J o i n t Design, P r e l o a d and Fatigue Concepts Machine Design, M a r c h 9 , 1972, P g s 104-107
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A D I V I S I O N OF
C A L I F O R N I A
LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT
COMPANY
CORPORATION
REVISIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY ( C o n t i n u e d )
An A n s w e r to T o r q u e P r o b l e m s P r o d u c t i o n , M a r c h 1964, p g s 9 2 - 9 3 B a r e T i t a n i u m Bolt, A-286 Nut Lube E v a l u a t i o n Standard P r e s s e d Steel, P r e c i s i o n F a s t e n e r Division R e p o r t No. 4976, A p r i l 28, 1972 C o m p a r a t i v e A n a l y s i s of E n v i r o n m e n t a l P h y s i c a l and M e c h a n i c a l E f f e c t s of S u r f a c e Conditioning and D r y F i l m Lubricants on Titanium F a s t e n e r s Voi-Shan M a n u f a c t u r i n g C o . E n g i n e e r i n g R e p o r t No. 459, O c t o b e r 21, 1569 E v a l u a t i o n of Nut M a t e r i a l s and F i n i s h e s f o r U s e o n T i t a n i u m B o l t s - E l a s t i c Stop Nut D i v i s i o n , - 4 m e r a c e E s n a C o r p . , G c t o b e r 31, 1969 High R e u s e P e r f o r m a n c e T i t a n i u m F a s t e n e r s E l a s t i c Stop Nut D i v i s i o n , A m e r a c e E s n a G o r p . , ER288-2929-2, S e p t e m b e r 4, 1970 How D a n g e r o u s a r e S t a t i c a l l y Loaded M a c h i n e M e m b e r s ? P r o d u c t E n g i n e e r i n g , D e c e m b e r 1971, p g s 37-39 Joint Design
T h e A n a t o m y of a P r o b l e m : P r o p e r Tightening of M a c h i n e S c r e w s - P r o d u c t E n g i n e e r i n g , O c t o b e r 197 1 , p g s 21-23 T h e S u i t a b i l i t y of V a r i o u s C o a t i n g s and L u b r i c a n t s f o r U s e o n T i t a n i u m Alloy Locknuts - K a y n a r Mfg. C o . , Inc. Kaylock D ~ R M L ~ No ~v e m ~b e r C18, , 1969
FORM 4.020
LR 2504 Pg. 2 5 ,
Jh-ERDEPARThliENTAL COMMUNICATIC'N
TO
P E ~ O5 /22
DEPT.~ ORGN.
6 . . W. I > c v i s
n-61
ZONE
BWG./
9 1 3
FLAK/ FAC.
A-1
D~TE
7-28-.7~)
DEFT./ ORGN.
77-16
ZONE
CLOG./
PtAra/ FAC.
A-1
EXT.
74943
W:
t o be Testa rre-re perforieil, as praxis&, to deternine t h e torque w,2..11s specifiec?. for ,mbject b o l t s . 3cs-ial.t~ of the t e s t s ran are a'c-trched.
J. B. B i e r 5 m r e ~
Group Lbgineer, Mechaicrja. S y s t m s PELI*.~S m d E Q x I ;DQE~X%ILF%~ ~ ~ ~
cc:
J. I?, Jcnes
J. A. Mrgan
N. VerDjl Zelc@E F i l e SPSP ( ~ 2 2 0 5 5 5 )
I p ' R.
7 u mm vs ~ ~ 0 2 0 5 - 1szm 6 P
~ O R Q W T ~ ~ S I O NVEP 220555-16
m~om
~ 2 % XJT
P g . 26
b o det exmine t h e torque- t ension relationship of 1.0000-12 UNJF Inconel 718 bolt a d . s i l v e r plated ~ 2 % nuts.
XIOR:
m e Ll4lll engine pylon attach b o l t s s a r e 1.0000-12 UlTJF thread size. m e b o l t s a r e ~ n c o n e l718, p a r t mmber 0555-16. m e mating nuts a r e p & nmuber ~ ~ 0 2 0 5 - 1 6 n8de , 12m ~ 2 8 6 with silver-plated threads only.. Data were noi; arvaileble i n t h i s combination of' s i z e and n a t e r i a l so t h a t t h e pmper t o r w e t o provide the desired preload could be specified. Because of a t t a c h e n t , it was necessary- to perfom t h e cri1i;ical nature of t h e engi~.e tcorque-1;asion t e s t s t o determine t h e proper i n s t a l l a t i o n torque,
19he torclple-tension t e s t s were pe,eo~s& at Valley-Todeeo, Inc. of Sylnar, California. I & . Gene lhikont ma 3 2 . Stmmt B i ~ ~ z s d s under , the d i r e c t i o s of Mr, Rusis Sherman, performed t h e t e s t s . Test b o l t s were over runs f'rm a l o t of production b o l t s maneactured by V4aB1w-:Codeco. Test nuts were production nuSs disbmsed f2-an Lockkeed stock,
The IXLOZO5 a u t should have silver-plated threads only. The parts dbt&ns3. f r o m stock had no plate. Ho%rever, t h e s q l e s used f o r these t e s t s were si:b-ver plated d l over a* VaUey-Todeeo, and t h e p M i q was rrsnwed From the nut bearing =face p r i o r t o testing. A &eac:ed a e c t r o n i c s Cornpaany force washer, 1 in& I, D, ldodel Tao. 2016, was assembled on t h e b o l t between hardened s t e e l b t ~ s h i q st o ac%just f o r the blolt grip. The force washer was aktached t o a s t r a i n 5xdica;ting gauge, fStsdd P.-350, nmufactured by The isradd Co. k graph of the t o r q y e s t r a i n relationship f o r 6 b o l t of t h i s s i z e and m a t e r i d hat3 previously been pswaapeh a d i s shown on Figwe I. The silver-plated nut was assmbled on t h e b o l t , Zlke assembled bolt, force rasher, bushing and nu% a s s a b l y was then placed i n a 5 t o 1 torque a d t i p l i e s f'ixtuspe, Torq~~ i,%ms e applieci in approxhately 75 fi-1% incswdeaai;~,using a P. A. Stmtev~?nt Go. torque t-mach, l~!odel irad. S-%OO (0-600 f%-1% range). Strain gauge sie&ngs were taken at each torque i n c r a a ' r ; a d recorded. 'P"he agpli& load wa;s then determined from Figure 1
m%E:
"Ie above t e s t was repeated except M I E T - ~ ~ @lubricant tras applied t o t h e b o l t th:read. This mssmbly w a s torqued. a d the r e s u l t s tabulated i n Table III and plotted on F i g w e 2 .
LR 250
Page 2
Pg. 27
m e length of torque wrench a m , 5 feet, made it impossible t o apply the torque continuously. fn some instances, between intervals, t h e wrench had t o be removed from the f i x t u r e so&et and repositioned i n order t o Fully 8ppV the next increment of torque. This may a ~ c o t m tf o r some of the e r r a t i c r e a s . In the first t e s t yielding in the system was observed near 1500 Ft-lbs of torque. Further application of torque produced a f a i l w e in one of the socket drive i n s e r t s i n the multiplier f x m r e . The t e s t was rerun asin&: the sane fasteners. The r e s u l t s of both of these t e s t s ase reported 3-13 Table I and Table I1 and plotted in Figure 2 . E " r m t h e graph it appears t h a t approxinately 1250 fFt-lbs of torque i s required t o obtain 70,000 l b s preload i n the b o l t when a silver-pltii;ed rrut, with no subsequent lubricant, ZB used. !Fads torque could exceed 1700 f i - l b s &er the f i r s t use i f t h e "'2nCt m x 2 " e r n e of Figure 2 w a s extended. Ibe required torqie dropped drastically as ~ c ~ u be l d expected when MILT-^^& anti-seize lubricant was spplied t o t h e b o l t thread. The curve of t h i s data Jinucettes only about 600 f i - l b s torque required for 70,000 l b s preload .in t h a t some l o s s of preload would also occur i f this the b o l t . It i s e ~ e c t e d a.sseozb&y was reused. However, preload would probably be restored i f t h e b o l t tms relubricated before assembly.
The engine t o pylon attach b o l t s should be lubrieatecl p r i o r t o a s s a b l y ~ ~ - 5 5anti-seize 4-& a 9 l i e d t o b o l t %?areads. Pae assembly should be t o r q u d t o 600 ft-lbs. The engineering i n s t a l l a t i o n clraaslintgs should be ~evimect and a n i n s t a l l a t i o n torque, i n accordance with t h i s data, be specified.
~.~iE kh ~
L &
TABLE I
250
Page 3
P g . 28
Load.
I'b6X103
1 3 . 2 14.2
27.8
29.5
42.0 49 3
35 5
60.7
61.2
75 5
77-0
TABLE II
Load 1bxl03
2 0 .Q 20.0
36. o 45.5
62.5 64.5
26.5 2 7 . 1 3 6 . 0
69.5
(1) Socket drive sheared off af%er 1500 f"t-lbs. Test r e m with s m e bolt emd n u t . e seen in strain gauge.
VEP220555-16 m e mlt, Threads Coated with MIL-T-5544 Anti-Seize IH10205-16 Silver-Plat ed Rut
Strain Gauge R e a d i n g &/In
Pcnge 5
P g . 30
where T =
Wrench Torque, in-lbs R = Wrench Torque r a t i o (fron Table V ? I of ~Nl'gb) g b i = Beload i n b o l t due t o tightening, lbs A x = Root area of bolt, sq. in.
or
= '70,000 l b s
T = .a4993 x 64,156
64156 = 4993 in-lbs = 4.6 PC-Lbs
T = .04993 x 70,000
= 54-47 in-lbs
E
641%
454
fb-lbs
in bolt
s i l v e r plated nut
Torque
- F t Lbs x 20
FIGURE 2
L
A
IEED
CALIFORNIA
AIRCRAFT
COMPANY
CORPORATION
REVISIONS
DISTRIBUTION LIST
P e r m a n e n t Holders
J . B. Bierbower V. G. H a r t J. F. Jones V; D. M o s s
G. W, T y r e e W. R. Zelenka
K. H. Achterkirchen
L. J. A. M.
D. J. Mackey L. W. Nelson
G. J. Reynolds R. F. Simenz