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TO BE QUESTIONS

It is a direct question. Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.
statement You are from Germany.

question

Are you from Germany?

ENGLISH CLASS
Lesson II

We always use the short answer, not only "Yes" or "No". This sounds rude. NOTE: If the answer is "Yes", we always use the long form. Example: Yes, I am. If the answer is "No", we either use the long or the contrated form (short form). Example: No, I am not - No, I'm not

Example

WH- QUESTIONS
Question

Are Is Are

you he

from Germany? your friend?

Yes, No, Yes, Yes,

I I he they

am. am not. 'm not. is. are.

Peter and from John England?

words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When we use question words we do not use a yes or no answer. Example : Whats your name? Im David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence) With no question word: Are you Maria? No, Im not (The answer is a yes/no because there isnt a question word) Question words are used to gather specific information.

Table # 1 Question words (verb to be practice)

English Spanish

Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with QWs)
Question Verb (to be) Word What How old Where Who is are is is Subject (your) name? you? Juan (the) present Complement [no complement] [no complement] from? for?

Where Why Who What / (time) Which How long How often Whose How many/much How old How How + adjetivo How come

Donde Por que Quien Que / Cual (a que hora) Que / Cual Por cuanto tiempo / para medidas Con que frecuencia De quien Cuantos Edad Como Descripciones Como asi

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REMEMBER

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO LEARN

Whats (what + is) your address? Its 876 Snow Road. Where are you from? Im from Australia Whats your nationality? Im Peruvian. Whose pencil is this? It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo) How old is Marcus? Hes twenty years old. Why are you sad? Because I am sick. How are you? Im fine, thank you.

In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning. Nothing may go in front of the question words in full questions. From where are you? (INCORRECTO) Where are you from? (QW goes first) (Correcto)

Typical questions with the above properties: What is this for? (Para que es esto?) Who are the books for ? (Para quien son los libros?) What is the movie about? (De que se trata la pelcula?)

PRACTICE: WRITE QUESTIONS. USE WHAT/ WHO/WHERE/HOW? READ THE ANSWERS FIRST.

THE ARTICLES A / AN / THE

The words a, an and the belong to this group of words called determiners. The words a and an are called indefinite articles. You can use them with singular nouns to talk about any single person or thing. The article an is usually used before words beginning with vowels. The article a is used before words beginning with consonants.

EXAMPLE.
This is a picture of an elephant. Rudy is reading a book. Mom bought me a new dress today. You will need an umbrella when you go out. She eats an apple a day.

The word the is called the definite article. Use the before a noun when you are talking about a certain person or thing. You also use the before a noun when there is only one. For example:
the sun the moon the sky the front door of my house

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DEMOSTRATIVES DETERMINERS. THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

The

words this, that, these and those are determiners. You use this and these to point to people or things near you. You use that and those to point to people or things that are farther from you. You use this and that before singular nouns. You use these and those before plural nouns.

SINGULAR OR PLURAL
When you are talking about one person, animal, place, or thing, use a singular noun. These are also singular nouns:

When you are talking about two or more people, animals, places, or things, use plural nouns. Most nouns are made plural by adding -s at the end. Singular Plural

an airplane a bicycle a boy a bus a comb a girl a key

a letter a map a photograph a refrigerator a slide a swing a van

bird broom camel desk doll egg flower fork game lamb nest pen photo shirt spoon

birds brooms camels desks dolls eggs flowers forks games lambs nests pens photos shirts spoons

SPECIAL

PLURALS

When the last letters of singular nouns are ch, sh, s, ss or x, you usually add -es to form the plural. Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to - ies. Ex. lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s. Ex. boy, boys; day, days Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es. Ex. hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes

Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves. Ex. beef, beeves; wife, wives Some plural nouns dont follow the -s rule. Instead, the word changes form.

Singular child man tooth woman Foot

Plural children men teeth women feet

Some plural nouns are the same as the singular noun. sheep, fish, reindeer Some nouns are always plural. Pants, scissors, pajamas, sneakers, shorts, slippers, trousers , stockings, sandals, people.

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EXAMPLES

DAILY ACTIVITIES

DAILY ACTIVITIES
When

we talk about daily activities, there are two important things to consider:

The vocabulary The structure of the sentence in simple present.

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EXAMPLE:

TELLING THE TIME

Explanation There are two common ways of telling the time. Formal but easier way Say the hours first and then the minutes. Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as oh. Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six

I get up at 7 oclock. Then I have a shower and I have breakfast. I go to college at 9 oclock. In the evening I watch TV. I go to bed at 11 oclock.

More popular way Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding hour for minutes 01 through 30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through 59, but . Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past Example: 5:30 - half past five

WATCH

NOTE

Use o'clock only at the full hour. Example: 7:00 - seven o'clock For times around midnight or midday you can use the Expressions midnight or midday / noon instead of the number 12. Example : 00:00 - midnight Example : 12:00 - midday or noon To make clear (where necessary) whether you mean a time before 12 o'clock noon or after, you can use in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. Use in the morning before 12 o'clock noon, after 12 o'clock noon use in the afternoon. When to change from afternoon to evening, from evening to night and from night to morning depends on your sense of time. Example: 3:15 - a quarter past three in the morning OR a quarter past three at night

SIMPLE

PRESENT USE

USE 1 Repeated Actions Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. Examples: I play tennis. She does not play tennis. The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. The train does not leave at 9 AM. She always forgets her purse. He never forgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.

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USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples: Cats like milk. Birds do not like milk. California is in America. California is not in the United Kingdom. Windows are made of glass. Windows are not made of wood. New York is a small city. IT IS NOT IMPORTANT THAT THIS FACT IS UNTRUE.

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. The party starts at 8 o'clock.

FORMING THE 3RD-PERSON/ SINGULAR/ SIMPLE PRESENT

There are a few rules involved in forming this conjugation of the verb. Normally, you simply add an "-s" to the end of a verb to create the 3rd-Person/Singular/Simple Present
rub rubs ride rides dream dreams see sees snow snows drink drinks sleep sleeps write writes

If a verb ends with -sh, -ch, -ss, or -x you add an -es to the end of the verb.
push pushes kiss kisses fix fixes teach teaches

If the verb ends in a <vowel> + -y, add -s to the verb

pay pays buy buys

If the verb ends with a <consonant> + -y, you change the y to i and add -es
cry cries study studies

have has go goes do does be is

Finally, the verbs have, go, do, and be are irregular

But there are exceptions!

That means that you'll just have to commit them to memory! :

IN THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, NEGATIVE FORMS AND QUESTION FORMS ARE MADE USING THE AUXILIARY VERB DO.
Subject I, You. We, They, plural He, she, it, singular Auxiliary don't doesn't Example I don't sing He doesn't sing

YES/NO QUESTIONS ARE ALSO CREATED USING THE AUXILIARY DO. THIS TIME, THE AUXILIARY IS PLACED BEFORE THE SUBJECT.
Auxiliary Subject Example

Do
Does

I, You. We, They, plural

He, she, it, singular

Do I sing?
Does he sing?

WH- QUESTIONS ARE ALSO CREATED BY PUTTING THE AUXILIARY DO BEFORE THE SUBJECT. THEN, YOU ADD THE WH- WORD AT THE BEGINNING.
Statement I sing You fight. He lives Yes/no question Do I sing? Do you fight? Does he live? WH- question What do I sing? Why do you fight? Where does he live?