AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNILOGY

(ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT)

Communication System- Lab Manual

EXPERIMENT-9
Differential pulse code modulation

AIM:
To study the operation of differential pulse code modulator and Demodulator.

APPARATUS:
1.DPCM modulator trainer kit. 2. DPCM demodulator kit. 3. Storage oscilloscope. 4. Digital multimeter. 5. Coaxial cables. 6. C.R.O. probes & connecting wires. Components and equipments required: Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Components Operational Amplifier Transistors Resisters Capacitors Power supply Signal generators Value and Quantity U A741 (3). Q2N3904 (1). 1k(3),50k(1),10k(3),39k(1),100k(1). 0.22u (1), 0.2n (1). O-30V. 0-2MHz (2).

THEORY:
In this DPCM redundancy is reduced from over all bit value will decrease and number of bits required to transmit one sample will also be reduced. This type of digital pulse modulation scheme is called differential pulse code modulation. The differential pulse code modulation works on the principle of predetection. The value of the present sample value is predicted from the samples. The predetection may not be exact but it is very close to the actual sample value, shows the transmitting of differential pulse code modulation system works on the principle of predetection. The present sample value is predicted but it is very close to the actual sample value. Delta Modulation is analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion technique used for transmission of voice information where quality is not of primary importance. DM is the simplest form of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) where the difference between successive samples is encoded into n-bit data streams. In delta modulation, the transmitted data is reduced to a1-bit data stream.

Principle of operation:
The analog signal is approximated with a series of segments Each segment of the approximated signal is compared to the original analog wave to determine the increase or decrease in relative amplitude The decision process for establishing the state of successive bits is determined by this comparison

Fig.1 - Block diagram of a modulator/demodulator The modulator is made by a quantizer which converts the difference between the input signal and the average of the previous steps. In its simplest form, the quantizer can be realized with a comparator referenced too (two levels quantizer), whose output is1 or0 if the input signal is positive or negative. The demodulator is simply an integrator (like the one in the feedback loop) whose output rises or falls with each 1 or 0 received. T

PROCEDURE:
1. Verify the circuit as per the circuit diagram. 2. Observe the output of the A.F. generator .it should be a Sine wave of 400 HZ frequency with 5Vp-p 3. Verify the output of the D.C. source. 4. Observe the output of the clock generator using C.R.O. it should be 64 KHZ and 8 KHZ. Frequency of square Wave with 5Vp-p. FOR MODULATION: 5. Keep the C.R.O. in dual mode .connect one channel to 8 KHZ signal and another channel to open outputs. 6. Observe the DPCM output with respect to the 8KHZ Signal. FOR DEMODULATION: 7. Connect the DPCM signal to the demodulator input. 8. Connect the clock signal from transmitter to the receiver using co-axial cable.

9. Observe the D/A converter output using storage Oscilloscope and compare with the original signal and Observe that there is no information loss in process of Conversion and transmission. 10. Similarly verify for different values of modulating Signal voltage.

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Check the connections before switch on the power supply. 2. Avoid loose connections. 3. Observe the output on C.R.O and take the readings without parallax error.