Gas Actuated Thermometers work on pressure or volume change of a gas.

That means the temperature of a body is defined by the thermic expansion (the measurement of length or volume change). The filling compound is located in a vessel. The temperature change causes a system pressure increase or drop that can be read off the scale by using a bourdon tube pressure system

From Measurement and Control Basics Fourth Edition

Many physical properties change with temperature, such as the volume of a liquid, the length of a metal rod, the electrical resistance of a wire, the pressure of a gas kept at constant volume, and the volume of a gas kept at constant pressure. Filled-system thermometers use the phenomenon of thermal expansion of matter to measure temperature change. The filled thermal device consists of a primary element that takes the form of a reservoir or bulb, a flexible capillary tube, and a hollow Bourdon tube that actuates a signal-transmitting device and/or a local indicating temperature dial. A typical filled-system thermometer is shown in Figure 7-1. In this system, the filling fluid, either liquid or gas, expands as temperature increases. This causes the Bourdon tube to uncoil and indicate the temperature on a calibrated dial.

The filling or transmitting medium is a vapor, a gas, mercury, or another liquid. The liquid-filled system is the most common because it requires a bulb with the smallest volume or permits a smaller instrument to be used. The gas-filled system uses the perfect gas law, which states the following for an ideal gas:

T = kPV where:

(7-5)

T k P V

= = = =

temperature constant pressure volume

If the volume of gas in the measuring instrument is kept constant, then the ratio of the gas pressure and temperature is constant, so that

(7-6)
The only restrictions on Equation 7-6 are that the temperature must be expressed in degrees Kelvin and the pressure must be in absolute units. Example 7-3 shows how to calculate the temperature for a change in pressure of a fixed volume temperature detector.

A gas thermometer measures temperature by the variation in volume or pressure of a gas. One common apparatus is a constant volume thermometer. It consists of a bulb connected by a capillary tube to a manometer. The bulb is filled with a gas such that the volume of the gas in the bulb remains constant. The volume is related to temperature by k, known as Charles's Law. The pressure of the gas in [2] the bulb can be obtained by measuring the level difference in the two arms of the manometer. Gas [3] thermometers are often used to calibrate other thermometers.

[1]

Two variants of a gas thermometer

galvanometer, instrument for measuring a small electrical current or a function of the current by deflection of a moving coil. The deflection is a mechanical rotation derived from forces resulting from the current. The most common type is the DArsonval galvanometer, in which the indicating system consists of a light coil of wire suspended from a metallic ribbon between the poles of a permanent magnet. The magnetic field produced by a current passing through the coil reacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, producing a torque, or twisting force. The coil, to which an indicating needle or mirror is attached, rotates under the action of the torque; the angle through which it rotates to balance the torsion of the suspension provides a measure of the current flowing in the coil. The angle is measured by the movement of the needle or by the deflection of a beam of light reflected from the mirror. The ballistic galvanometer is designed to deflect its indicating needle (or mirror) in a way that is proportional to the total charge passing through its moving coil or to a voltage pulse of short duration. Any conventional galvanometer may also be employed as a ballistic type, but the latter has smaller torque and higher inertia in the coil.