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• End behavior of polynomial functions
• End behavior of rational functions
End Behavior of polynomial Functions
For large values of x, either positive
or negative, the graph of the
polynomial
resembles the graph of the power function.
Example – End Behavior
(b) g ( x) = −5 x 4
1 5
(c ) h( x ) = x
2
(d ) p ( x) = −7 x
7
Example – Leading Term
Rational Functions
A rational function is a function of the form
Where p and q are polynomial functions and q
is not the zero polynomial. The domain
consists of all real numbers except those for
which the denominator is 0.
Find the domain of the following rational functions:
All real numbers except 6 and2.
All real numbers except 4 and 4.
All real numbers.
Behavior Near Undefined Values
Examine the behavior of x−2
the function near the
(a) f ( x) =
x +1
undefined values and as
2
x goes to ±∞ (as x goes x
to the extremes. (b) g ( x) = 2
x −2
3
x
(c ) h ( x ) =
x+2
x=c Vertical Asymptotes
y
x
x=c
y
Theorem Locating Vertical Asymptotes
A rational function
In lowest terms, will have a vertical
asymptote x = r, if x r is a factor of the
denominator q.
Find the vertical asymptotes, if any, of the graph
of each rational function.
Vertical
asymptotes:
x = -1 and x = 1
No vertical asymptotes
Vertical asymptote: x = -4
y Horizontal Asymptotes
y = R(x)
y=L
x
y
y=L
x y = R(x)
If an asymptote is neither horizontal nor vertical
it is called oblique.
y
Consider the rational function
Horizontal asymptote: y = 0