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PubMed Health. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Nephrocalcinosis
Last reviewed: September 16, 2011.
Nephrocalcinosis is a disorder in which there is too much calcium deposited in the kidneys. This condition is common in premature babies.
Symptoms
There are generally no early symptoms of nephrocalcinosis, beyond those of the condition causing the problem. People who also have kidney stones may have: Blood in the urine Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting Severe pain in the belly area, sides of the back (flank), groin, or testicles Later symptoms related to nephrocalcinosis may be associated with chronic kidney failure.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001522/?report=printable
8/29/2012
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Abdominal CT scan Ultrasound of the kidney Other tests that may be done to diagnose and determine the severity of associated disorders include: Blood tests to check levels of calcium, phosphate, uric acid, and parathyroid homrone Urinalysis to see crystals and check for red blood cells 24-hour urine collection to measure acidity and levels of calcium, sodium, uric acid, oxalate, and citrate
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and prevent more calcium from collecting in the kidneys. Treatment will involve methods to reduce abnormal levels of calcium, phosphate, and oxalate in the blood and urine. If you take medicine that causes calcium loss, your doctor will usually tell you to stop taking it. Never stop taking any medicine before talking to your doctor. Other symptoms, included kidney stones, should be treated as appropriate.
Expectations (prognosis)
What to expect depends on the complications and cause of the disorder. Proper treatment may help prevent further deposits in the kidneys. However, there is usually no way to remove deposits that have already formed. Extensive deposits of calcium in the kidneys do NOT always mean severe damage to the kidneys.
Complications
Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure Kidney stones Obstructive uropathy (acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral)
Prevention
Prompt treatment of disorders that lead to nephrocalcinosis, including renal tubular acidosis, may help prevent it from developing.
References
1. Curhan GC. Nephrolithiasis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 128. 2. Pietrow PK, Preminger GM. Evaluation and medical management of urinary lithiasis. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 43.
Review Date: 9/16/2011. Reviewed by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Scott Miller, MD, Urologist in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001522/?report=printable
8/29/2012
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Figures
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001522/?report=printable
8/29/2012