Islam Prophet Muhammad--- was an orphan, father abd-allah. Married Khadija.

/Muslims believe Muhammad is the seal (final) of the prophets. Quran is word of God. Revealed by Muhammad. Golden Rule Saying Mecca&Medijna Hijaz Muhammad starts preaching carrear in mecca. Battle contest of mecca an medijna,. LOST BOTH. Battle of Badr & Uhud: Battle of the Trenchmeccans sent large force to medina, defeated by them, meccan leader was killed. Uhud- follows first war, Muhammads outnumbered and defeated. Pool of Kjumm&Events of Saqifa S- Abu bakr suggested Umar as Muhammads successor; Umar suggested Abu bakr and Sunni believe him to be elected 1st caliph after Muhammad. First Four Caliphus_Abu Bakr Umar, Uthman, and Ali --- first four succeeds of Muhammad, 1- Abu bakr 2- Umar (Muslim expansion) 3- Uthman 4- Ali (battle of siffin/karbala massacre) Husayn&Karbala sons of Ali, claim the caliphate after Karbala tragedy. Hassan an Husayn. Seveners&twelevers, Shia Islam Shia develops rival minority to Sunni majority. SHIA recognized ALI and the IMAMS. /SUNNI recognized ABU BAKR and the CALIPHS / Twelve shiism is the majority.. Believe in 12 imams, Mahdi. Umayyad and Abbasid Dyansties U- Sunni/Arabic. Builds dome of rock, Dhimmi book. A- Sunni/Arabic also, new sunni dynasty. Center of power of caliphate to Baghdad, The scholars learned from ancient Greek and latin. Ultimately sacked by the Mongols, Mughal descendants from India. Hidden Imam/Mahdi hidden imam often referred to as the Mahdi. Will return in apocalyptic age. Jihad (meanings of) &Ijtihad Greater Jihad: Struggle to become a better Muslim
Muslims prefers moral struggle to militant struggle. ) Lesser Jihad: War to defend / extend the lands of Islam the Lesser Jihad of which Prophet Muhammad spoke. Modern Islamists invert and pervert those historical priorities entirely, so that: Greater Jihad (the perverted view): Is militant struggle against about any nonMuslims. Lesser Jihad (perverse view): Human moral struggle, proper view of justice take a back seat! Most muslims reject any offensive violence as the quran advises.

Sword Verses- sayings in quran (bible)) that justified violence. Dhimmi- Pagans (also translated as idolaters) not necessarily thought to be Dhimmi or
people of the book, i.e. Jews and Christians.//Additionally Muslims cannot convert by force

Sayid Qutb&Jahiliyyah sayid- of Egypt, later becamer leader of MusliM Brotherhood, began to see world as state of jabilliyyah. Unawakened. Or unaware. Wahhabi Islam fundamentalist orthodox. Emphazied unity of god (tahwid) . Wanted to remove all accretions to islam (bida) Saudi arabia Iranian Revolution- The shah vs. The Ayatollah IR- hostage crisis, alternative Islamic Gandhi arrises. Multiple influences in afghan

Osama Bin Laden the Taliban, radicals. Taint the religion for the majority, met radicals Muhammad quth and Abdullah azzam. First Jihad when soviets invaded Afghanistan. Abdullah azzam an him established maktab al khidamt. Radicalizationfirst gulf war, Kuwait war. Is exiled from Sudan and flees to afghan. Killed by navy seal in Pakistan Abdul Ghaffar khan &Khudai Khidmatgars
Muslim Five Pillars of Practice and Belief: 1) Shahada (above) the proclamation of Muslim faith: There is No God but God, and Muhammad is His Prophet. 2) Salat (prayer) Five times per day, towards Mecca. 3) Zakat (charity) Give at least 1/40th income to poor, needy. 4) Sawm (fasting) During the month of Ramadan. Remembers the reception of the Quran. 5) Hajj (Pilgrimage) Visit to Mecca & Kaba (Kaaba) once in a lifetime