Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 29, No.

3-4, 186-201, 1993 Copyright 1993 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

The H. L. Hawkins Collection of Caribbean Fossil Echinoids: Annotated Catalog of Rediscovered Specimens from the University of Reading, England
S TEPHEN K. DO N O V A N 1 AND D AVID N. LEWIS 2
Departenent of Geology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica 2 Department of Paleontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, England
1

A B S T R A C T . The reference collection of Caribbean fossil echinoids belonging to H. L. Hawkins is documented for the first time. Hitherto lost specimens of Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske and Echinolampas depressa? Gray from the Lower Pleistocene, and Upper Oligocene Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, all from Jamaica, are figured for the first time. Previously unrecorded echinoids from the Upper Pleistocene of St. Kitts are Echinolampas depressa? Guppy and Clypeaster rosaceus (Linne). Orthopsis sp. is reported from the Upper Cretaceus of Jamaica for the first time. A third specimen, Eocene in age, of the Jamaican toxopneustid Scoliechinus axiologus Arnold and Clark is reported. Some specimens are apparently mislabeled, such as a test of the Miocene, Mediterranean taxon Echinolampas lucae (Desor), supposedly collected from the Oligocene of Jamaica.

sourcethe Jamaican fauna being one of I NTRODUCTION the best known from the Caribbean region. Although subsequent studies have add- Indeed, the Hawkins collection is repreed to the fauna, the principal monographic sentative of the Jamaican fauna as a whole, descriptions of Jamaican fossil echinoids including specimens from Cretaceus to were published by Arnold and Clark ( 1927, Pleistocene in age, unlike, for example, the 1934) and Hawkins (1923, 1924, 1927). Ar- Arnold collection in the Smithsonian Innold and Clarks collection is in the Mu- stitution which is limited to Eocene taxa seum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. (Donovan, 1988a). Furthermore, the HawA smaller collection made by Arnold is in kins collection includes specimens from the National Museum of Natural History, other Caribbean islands, some of whose Smithsonian Institution. Type and figured echinoids are, at best, poorly known. The specimens described and discussed by present paper is an annotated catalog of Hawkins (1923, 1924, 1927) are in the col- this collection, with discussion, where aplections of the Natural History Museum, propriate, of significant specimens (for disLondon (Table 1). These specimens were cussion of other species, see Donovan, adequately described and figured in these 1993a, b). Descriptive terminology used herein original papers. follows Melville and Durham (1966). The To these specimens we now add the reclassification of echinoids is essentially that search collection of Caribbean fossil echiof Smith (1981, 1984). The use of open nonoids that Hawkins accumulated from various sources and which hitherto was housed menclature follows the protocol suggested by Bengtson (1988). All specimens are now in the Department of Geology (now Postdeposited in the Natural History Museum, graduate Research Institute in SedimenLondon (BMNH). Collectors are abbrevitology), University of Reading, England. This collection has not been described or ated as follows: H.L.H. = H. L. Hawkins; C.A.M. = C. A. Matley; C.T.T. = C. T. Trechcataloged. It is dominated by specimens from Jamaica and is an important research mann. Biographical and bibliographical 186

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T ABLE 1. BMNH registration numbers of specimens described by Hawkins (1923, 1924, 1927). Taxonomic assignations have been revised as necessary. Key: (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; * = lost (see Donovan, 1990:212); + = radiole. Hawkins (1923): Cretaceus Diadematoid radiole Hemiaster sp. (or spp.) Heterosalenia occidentalis Hawkins, 1923 Metholectypus trechmanni Hawkins, 1923 Phyllacanthus leoni (Lambert and Sanchez Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949) Pygopistes? rudistarum (Hawkins, 1923) Hawkins (1924): Cretaceus Goniopygus supremus Hawkins, 1924 Hemiaster sp. Hawkins (1924): Cenozoic Amblypygus americanus Michelin, 1856 Brissus sp. indet. Echinolampas sp. indet. Echinopsis simplex (Hawkins, 1924) Eupatagus alatus Arnold and Clark, 1927 Eupatagus cf. antillarum (Cotteau, 1875) Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927) Haimea ovumserpentis (Guppy, 1866) Linthia trechmanni Hawkins, 1924 Plagiobrissus cf. loveni (Cotteau, 1875) Prionocidaris loveni (Cotteau, 1875) Schizaster cf. subcylindricus Cotteau, 1875 Schizaster sp. indet. Schizaster? sp. juv. Spatangoid sp. indet. Hawkins (1927): Cenozoic Eupatagus hildae Hawkins, 1927 Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927) Fibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927 cf. Neolaganum dalli (Twitchell in Clark and Twitchell, 1915) Plagiobrissus loveni (Cotteau, 1875) E17664 E17666 E17665 E17667, E17663 (H) (H) (H) E17668 E17222 E17226 E17212 E17208 (H) E17216 E17225 E17213, E17214 E17209-E17211 E17219 (H) E17220 E17207+ E17217, E17218 E17223, E17224 E17221 E17215 E17205 (H) E17206 E16658* + E16646-E16656 E16643 (H) E16644 (P) E16642 (H) E16657 E16645 (H)

notes concerning H. L. Hawkins may be found in Walder and Butcher ( 1967), Anon. (1967) and Butcher (1969). S YSTEMATIC P ALEONTOLOGY Class ECHINOIDEA Leske Order CIDAROIDA Claus Remark. The cidaroid classification used herein follows Smith and Wright (1989). Family CIDARIDAE Gray Subfamily CIDARINAE Gray Tribe CIDARINI Gray Genus Prionocidaris A. Agassiz Prionocidaris loveni (Cotteau, 1875) Synonymy. See Cutress (1980:106) (=Cidaris sp. indet. of Hawkins, 1924:317).

Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2787, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. See Cutress (1980:Pl. 10) for recent illustrations of the test of this species. Genus Phyllacanthus Brandt Phyllacanthus peloria (Jackson, 1922) Cidaris peloria Jackson, 1922:16-17, Pl. 1, Figs. 2-5. Phyllacanthus peloria (Jackson); Cutress, 1980:131-134, Pl. 13; Poddubiuk and Rose, 1985: Table 1; Lewis, 1986:53.

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S. K. DONOVAN AND D. N. LEWIS lier, Catadupa, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Titanosarcolites Limestone; Upper Cretaceus, Maastrichtian. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. This species was redescribed and refigured by Donovan (1990:212-215, Pl. 3, Text-figs. 4, 5). Order PHYMOSOMATOIDA Mortensen Family ARBACIIDAE Gray Genus Goniopygus L. Agassiz Goniopygus supremus Hawkins, 1924 Synonymy. See Donovan (1990). Material, Locality and Horizon. One and a half tests, BMNH EE 2798, EE 2799, from the Marchmont Inlier, Catadupa railway cutting, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Titanosarcolites Limestone; Upper Cretaceus, Maastrichtian. A third specimen, BMHH EE 2761, is from Cretaceus, Jamaica. All collected by C.T.T. Remarks. This species has been redescribed and refigured by Donovan (1990: 205-212, Pls. 1, 2, Text-figs. 1-3), who noted that the holotype, upon which the original description was based (Hawkins, 1924: 313-316, Pl. 18, Figs. 1, 2), is aberrant. It is unusually wide and low, with very numerous pore pairs in each ambulacral column. The specimens documented herein appear to fall within the normal range of morphology defined graphically by Donovan (1990:Test-fig. 2). Order ECHINOIDA Claus Family TOXOPNEUSTIDAE Troschel Genus Scoliechinus Arnold and Clark Scoliechinus axiologus Arnold and Clark, 1927 Synonymy. See Donovan (1992:23). Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2802, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. This is only the third specimen of Scoliechinus axiologus to be recorded. Although the details of the test are poorly preserved, the characteristic pattern of ambulacral pore pairs is visible (see Donovan, 1992:Fig. 2C, D). Donovan (1992:23-26, Figs. 1, 2; see also Donovan, 1993a; Donovan and Bowen, 1989) concluded that the

Material, Locality and Horizon. A crushed and incomplete test, BMNH EE 2812, associated with a pair of joined interambulacral plates, from Judges Bay (possibly mislabeled for Hedges Bay; see Trechmann, 1941), Antigua. Antigua Formation; Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Collected by H. L. H., 1957. Remarks. Poddubiuk and Rose (1985) considered two cidaroids, P. peloria a n d Prionocidaris spinidentatus (Palmer), to be found in the Antigua Formation. The tests of these two species are easily differentiated (compare Cutress, 1980:Pl. 7, Fig. 1 with Pl. 13, Fig. 3). Although poorly preserved, this specimen is significant, being at least as good as the test figured by Cutress (1980:Pl. 13, Fig. 3) in her monographic study of the Caribbean fossil cidaroids. Order PEDINOIDA Mortensen Family PEDINIDAE Pomel Genus Stenechinus Arnold and Clark Remarks. The genus Stenechinus is only known from the Eocene of Jamaica. Stenechinus sp. Material, Locality and Horizon. A large test, BMNH EE 2820, is from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Three other tests, BMNH EE 2788 (cut in two), EE 2789, EE 2790, all from north of Guys Hill, parish of St. Mary, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. The original labels on these specimens assign them to Stenechinus perplexus (EE 2788-EE 2790) and Stenechinus sp. (EE 2820). Only two species of this genus are known. Donovan (1993b:Fig. 4.9, 4.10) questioned whether the type species, S. regularis, can be separated from S. perplexus. The specimens cataloged herein are not well-preserved and it is conservative to group them together as Stenechinus sp. Order SALENIOIDA Delage and Herouard Family ACROSALENIIDAE Gregory Genus Heterosalenia Cotteau Heterosalenia occidentalis Hawkins, 1923 Synonymy. See Donovan (1990). Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2792, from the Marchmont In-

CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS age of this species was late Campanian, but the locality and horizon data of the Hawkins specimen places it firmly within the Eocene, suggesting the latter age to be correct. Order ORTHOPSIDA Mortensen Family ORTHOPSIDAE Duncan Genus Orthopsis Cotteau Orthopsis sp. (Fig. 1) Material, Locality and Horizon. Two tests. BMNH EE 2785 (Fig. 1a, b) is from the Marchmont Inlier, opposite Catadupa, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Titanosarcolites Limestone; Upper Cretaceus, Maastrichtian. BMNH EE 2786 (Fig. 1c-e) is from the Central Inlier, Rodons River, 5 m[iles] N of Logic Green, parish of Clarendon, Jamaica. Guinea Corn Formation; Maastrichtian. Both collected by C.T.T. Remarks. This is the first report of Orthopsis from the Upper Cretaceus of Jamaica. Although neither specimen is particularly well-preserved, both show the distinctive pattern of ambulacral plating typical of this genus. Order HOLECTYPOIDA Duncan Suborder ECHINONEINA H. L. Clark Family ECHINONEIDAE L. Agassiz and Desor Genus Echinoneus Leske Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778 (Fig. 2a-c) Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske; Hawkins in Trechmann, 1930:216; Donovan, 1988b: Table 1; 1993b. Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2781 (Fig. 2a-c), from Manchioneal, parish of Portland, Jamaica. Manchioneal Formation; Lower Pleistocene, Calabrian. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. The rediscovery of this specimen is significant, since it is one of only three species of holectypoid described from the Jamaican fossil record. The Manchioneal E. cyclostomus was identified by Hawkins for Trechmann (1930), but its whereabouts was unknown (Donovan, 1993b) until now. A description of this species, based on Recent specimens, appears in Donovan (1993b).

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Incerti subordinis Incertae familiae Genus Amblypygus L. Agassiz Amblypygus americanus Michelin, 1856 Synonymy. See Cooke (1959:27). Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2796, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; m i d Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. This species was not previously recorded from this locality or formation (Donovan, 1993b:Fig. 9.1, 9.2). Order OLIGOPYGOIDA Kier Family OLIGOPYGIDAE Duncan Genus Oligopygus de Loriol Oligopygus jamaicensis Arnold and Clark, 1927 Synonymy. See Kier (1967:63). Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2765, from the Eocene of Jamaica. Collected by C.A.M. Remarks. This specimen was labelled as O. hypselus, which Kier (1967:63-67, P1. 16, Figs. 1-7, Text-figs. 29, 30) considered to be a junior subjective synonym of O. jamaicensis. Genus Haimea Michelin Haimea alta (Arnold and Clark, 1927) Synonymy. See Kier (1967:102). Material, Locality and Horizon. Two tests, BMNH EE 2762, EE 2809, are included within this species. EE 2762 is from the Eocene of Jamaica and was collected by C.A.M. EE 2809 is from the Eocene Yellow Limestone Group and was collected by C.A.M. or C.T.T. Remarks. H. alta was most recently figured by Kier (1967:Pl. 4, Fig. 3, Pl. 25, Fig. 5, Pl. 26, Text-figs. 5, 20A, 41, 43, 44). Haimea cf. cylindrical (Arnold and Clark, 1927) Synonymy. See Kier (1967:108). Material, Locality and Horizon. A BMNH EE 2814, from Spring Mount, ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton mation, Yellow Limestone Group;

test, parFormid

FIG. 1. Orthopsis sp. a, b, BMNH EE 2785. a, apical view. b., oral view. c-e, BMNH EE2786. c, apical view. d, oral view. e, lateral view. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. H. cylindrical was most recently figured by Kier (1967:Pl. 27, Fig. 6, Pl. 28, Pl. 29, Figs. 1, 2, Text-figs. 44, 45). Haimea ovumserpentis (Guppy, 1866) group Synonymy. See Kier (1967:121-122). Material, Locality and Horizon. BMNH EE 2763 and EE 2764 come from the Eocene of Jamaica, and were collected by C.A.M. BMNH EE 2806 and EE 2807 (collected by C.T.T.) are from the Yellow Limestone Group (Eocene) of Jamaica. Remarks. The Jamaican species of Haimea require a thorough reappraisal (Donovan, 1988a:37; 1993b:Fig. 9.7, 9.8). Most specimens of this genus found on the island are probably referable to H. ovumserpentis. BMNH EE 2764, an unusually large specimen, was originally labelled Oligopygus jamaicensis. However, the peristome of this taxon is distinctly pentagonal (=Haimea) and not elliptical (=Oligopygus). Haimea? sp. Material, Locality and Horizon. BMNH EE 2824 from Tertiary. Loc. K122 (col. of Sugar Loaf). BMNH EE 2846-EE 2848 are from locality DK286, within a few miles of Henry Spring Bay, Jamaica, and are presumed to be Eocene. Collected by C.A.M. Remarks. EE 2824 comes from the same locality as spatangoid? sp. indet. (EE2824; see below). Order CLYPEASTEROIDA A. Agassiz Suborder CLYPEASTERINA A. Agassiz Family CLYPEASTERIDAE L. Agassiz Genus Clypeaster Lamarck Clypeaster cf. batheri Lambert, 1915 Synonymy. See Poddubiuk and Rose (1985 :Table 1).

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Material, Locality and Horizon. An incomplete test, BMNH EE 2822, from Willoughby Bay, southeast Antigua. Antigua Formation; Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Collector unknown. Remarks. Poddubiuk and Rose (1985) listed three species of Clypeaster from the Antigua Formation; C. batheri Lambert, C. julli Roman and C. oxybaphon Jackson. Although poorly preserved, this specimen is closest to C. batheri (see figure in Lambert, 1915:Pl. 3, Figs. 3-7). Clypeaster sp. cf. C. rosaceus (Linne, 1758) (Figs. 2d, 3,4) Material, Locality and Horizon. BMNH EE 2819 (Figs. 2d, 3, 4) is from Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts. The Pleistocene limestones of Brimstone Hill have given a radiocarbon date of 44 1.2 ka (Westermann and Kiel, 1961, loc. cit. Maury et al., 1990; for a geological map of the island, see Baker, 1984: Fig. 2). Collected by Mr. Robson. BMNH EE 2823, a large test, is from the upper part of the Hope River Gorge below August Town, parish of St. Andrew, Jamaica. Lower Coastal Group, August Town Formation; Plio-Pleistocene? BMNH EE 2841 (partial test), EE 2842 (fragment) and EE 2843 (near-complete test) are from the lower part of the same gorge. Remarks. BMNH EE 2819 and a test of Echinolampas depressa? (see below) are the first fossil echinoids reported from St. Kitts. This is particularly important as fossil echinoids from the Pleistocene of the Caribbean are poorly documented (Donovan et al., in press). The original specimen label reads Clypeaster antillarum Cotteau. Conglomerate Beds. ?Oligocene. Clypeaster antillarum is a large, moderately inflated Clypeaster similar to C. rosaceus. The type specimen, of uncertain provenance (and hence age; Poddubiuk and Rose, 1985:121),

FIG. 2. Caribbean fossil echinoids. a-c, Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, BMNH EE 2781. b, apical view. c, oral view. d, lateral view, anterior towards right. d, Clypeaster rosaceus? (Linne), BMNH EE 2819, lateral view, anterior towards bottom of page. e-j, Echinolampas depressa? Gray. e-g, BMNH EE 2782. e, apical view. f, oral view. g, lateral view, anterior towards left. h-j, BMNH EE 2815. h, apical view, stereo pair. i, oral view. j, lateral view, anterior towards left. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

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CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS was figured by Jackson (1922:Pl. 5) and is very similar to extant C. rosaceus (compare with Donovan, 1993 b:Fig. 10.1, 10.2), although the ambulacral petals are narrower and more closed. The St. Kitts specimen is considered closer to C. rosaceus. Chubb (1958:29) recorded Clypeaster from the Hope River Gorge. EE 2823 is perhaps the closest to C. rosaceus, but none of the specimens is sufficiently well-preserved for confident identification. Clypeaster sp. cf. C. rosaceus has also been reported from the Round Hill Beds (correlated with the August Town Formation) of southern Clarendon (Donovan et al., 1989). Suborder LAGANINA Mortensen Family FIBULARIIDAE Gray Genus Fibularia Lamarck Fibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927 Fibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927:76-77, Pl. 22, Figs. 1-3; Arnold and Clark, 1927:2728, Pl. 4, Figs. 3-5; McFarlane, 1977:1398; Kier and Lawson, 1978:61; Lewis, 1986: 29; Donovan, 1988b:Table 1; 1993b; Donovan et al., 1991:6. Material, Locality and Horizon. Four tests, BMNH EE 2773-EE 2776, from the Eocene of Jamaica. Collected by C.A.M. Family NEOLAGANIDAE Durham Genus Neolaganum Durham cf. Neolaganum cf. dalli (Twitchell in Clark and Twitchell, 1915) Sismondia crustula Hawkins, 1927:78-79, Pl. 22, Figs. 4,5; Arnold and Clark, 1927:28; Kier and Lawson, 1978:66; Lewis, 1986: 64-65; Donovan, 1988 b: Table 1. cf. Neolaganum dalli (Twitchell); Donovan, 1993b. Material, Locality and Horizon. Seven tests, BMNH EE 2766-EE 2772, from the Eocoene of Jamaica. Collected by C.A.M. Remarks. Ten other tests, BMNH EE 2830-EE 2839, from south of Christiana, parish of Manchester (Yellow Limestone Group, Chapelton Formation), may also belong to this species, but are too poorly preserved for positive identification.

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Incertae familiae Clypeasteroid indet. sp. A Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2826, from Claremont, parish of St. Ann, Jamaica. White Limestone Supergroup, presumably Claremont Formation; mid Middle to mid Upper Eocene. Collector unknown. Remarks. What is exposed of this low, slightly elongated test is moderately wellpreserved, but it is enclosed in a well-lithified limestone. The echinoid fauna of the Claremont Formation is poorly known and only five nominal taxa have been identified (Donovan et al., 1991: Table 1). EE 2826 represents a sixth species from this unit. Clypeasteroid indet. sp. B Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2829, from Plio-Pleisto. raised coral rock, N.E. Jamaica. Remarks. This fragment of a flattened clypeasteroid may, on the evidence of lithology, have come from the last interglacial Falmouth Formation. Furthermore, among the gastropod adhering to the test is a specimen ofaBulls striata, a species wellknown from certain facies of the Falmouth Formation. If this stratigraphic identification is correct, this becomes the first clypeasteroid recorded from the Falmouth Formation (Gordon and Donovan, 1992). Presumably, it represents a fragment of one of the extant Jamaican species, either Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) or Leodia sexiesperforata (Linne). Also adhering to the test is a radiole of the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck), a common species in the Pleistocene of Jamiaca. Order CASSIDULOIDA Claus Family ECHINOLAMPIDAE GRAY Genus Echinolampas Gray Echinolampas altissima Arnold and Clark, 1927 Synonymy. See Donovan (1988a:39). Material, Locality and Horizon. A single test, BMNH EE 2797, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T.

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CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS Remarks. This species was figured by Arnold and Clark (1927:Pl. 9, Figs. 1-4). Echinolampas depressa? Gray, 1851 (Fig. 2e-j) Echinolampas(?) sp. nov. (?) Hawkins i n Trechmann, 1930:216; Donovan, 1988b: Table 1; 1991:43; 1993b. Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2782 (Fig. 2e-g), from Manchioneal, parish of Portland, Jamaica. Manchioneal Formation; Lower Pleistocene, Calabrian. Collected by C.T.T. A second test, BMNH EE 2815 (Fig. 2hj), is for Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, of late Pleistocene age (44 1.2 ka; see Clypeaster cf. rosaceus, above). This was presumably the specimen identified by Hawkins for Trechmann (1932:248) as Echinolampas. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. The Jamaican test is poorly preserved (Fig. 2e-g), but is tentatively referred to E. depressa by reference to Moois (1990a) key. This specimen was one of three echinoid taxa identified from the Manchioneal Formation by Hawkins. Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske is discussed above, but the cidaroid radioles from Navy Island, parish of Portland, have not been located. Mooi (1990a:75-76) noted that the range of extant E. depressa is Florida, the Caribbean and Central America, and northern South America to French Guyana. This species lives infaunally in coarse, carbonate sands between 30 and 310+ m water depth (Mooi, 1990b). See Clypeaster cf. rosaceus, above, for a discussion of the importance of the specimen from St. Kitts. Echinolampas lucae (Desor in Agassiz and Desor, 1847) (Figs. 5a, c, 6a) Material, Locality and Horizon. A single test, BMNH EE 2816 (Figs. 5a, c, 6a). The original label states: Echinolampas. Formn.

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Tertiary (possibly Oligocene White Limestone. Jamaica). Loc. not recorded. Coll. . Remarks. This test is quite unlike any Echinolampas hitherto recorded from Jamaica or elsewhere in the Caribbean. It compares well with the test of E. lucae figured by Kier (1962:Pl. 30, Fig. 5, Pl. 31, Fig. 1, Pl. 32, Fig. 1). However, E. lucae is otherwise limited to the Miocene of the Mediterranean region (Kier, 1962:111). Probably, the available locality information, which is obviously speculative, is incorrect and BMNH 2816 is not a Caribbean echinoid. Nevertheless, we have figured this test for comparative purposes in case our interpretation is incorrect. Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, 1866 (Figs. 5b, 6b, c) Echinolampas anguillae Cotteau; Arnold and Clark, 1927:48. Echinolampas anguillae (Cotteau); Donovan, 1988b:Table 1. Echinolampas anguillae? Cotteau; Donovan, 1993b. Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2779 (Figs. 5b, 6b, c), from St. Hildas School, Browns Town, parish of St. Ann, Jamaica. Browns Town Formation, White Limestone Supergroup; Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Collected by C.A.M. Remarks. Arnold and Clark (1927) reported E. anguillae from the Jamaican Oligocene on the basis of a written communication from Hawkins. Poddubiuk and Rose (1985:121) considered that E. anguillae was based on a deformed specimen of E . lycopersicus. The Jamaican specimen is included in E. lycopersicus with caution, having a narrower anterior petal than the syntype figured by Jackson (1922:Pl. 11, Fig. 6; although it is closer to the non-type material figured by Jackson). Arnold and Clark

FIG. 5 (left). Echinolampas species. a, c, Echinolampas lucae (Desor), BMNH EE 2816. a, apical view. c, lateral view, anterior towards right. b, Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, BMNH EE 2779, lateral view, anterior towards right. Scale bar represents 10 mm. FIG. 6 (right). Echinolampas species. a, Echinolampas lucae (Desor), BMNH EE 2816, oral view. b, c, Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, BMNH EE 2779. b, apical view. c, oral view. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

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S. K. DONOVAN AND D. N. LEWIS 1398-1399; Kier and Lawson, 1978:85; Donovan, 1988b:Table 1. Rhyncholampas matleyi (Hawkins); Donovan, 1988a:3839. Rhyncholampas? matleyi (Hawkins); Donovan, 1993b:Fig. 15.8, 15.9. Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins); Mooi, 1990b: 699. Material, Locality and Horizon. Two tests from the Eocene of Jamaica (BMNH EE 2777, EE 2778) have a polished appearance, suggesting that they were collected from a stream bed by C.A.M. A third test, BMNH EE 2793, collected by C. T. T., is from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica, from the Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group (mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene). Incertae familiae Cassiduloid sp. indet. Material, Locality and Horizon. A single test, BMNH EE 2840, from Stinchcombe Hill Golf Course, Jamaica(?). White Limestone Supergroup: mid Cenozoic. Remarks. Only one other Jamaican Cenozoic cassiduloid, Eurhodia sp. cf. E. rugosa (Ravenel; Donovan, 1993b), has an anal sulcus. Although somewhat battered, this test is not Eurhodia. It is preserved in a hard, g rey-brown, crys talline limes tone not reminiscent of the White Limestone Supergroup of Jamaica. The geographic or stratigraphic assignment (or both) is doubtful. Order SPATANGOIDA Claus Suborder MICRASTERINA Fischer Family BRISSIDAE Gray Genus Eupatagus L. Agassiz Eupatagus alatus Arnold and Clark, 1927 Synonymy. See Kier (1984:95). Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2794, from north of Guys Hill, parish of St. Mary, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. See Kier (1984:95-98, P1. 54, P1. 55, Figs. 1, 2, Text-fig. 34) for a recent redescription of this species.

(1927:50) recorded E. lycopersicus from the Eocene (Chapelton Formation of Jamaica), but these may be misidentified E. strongyla Arnold and Clark, 1927 (see comments in Donovan, 1993b). The only echinoid to have been formally described from the Oligocene of Jamaica, Euputagus hildae Hawkins, 1927, also comes from St. Hildas School. H. L. Dixon (research in progress) and S.K.D. have collected Clypeaster oxybaphon Jackson, 1922, from this locality. Echinolampas plateia (Arnold and Clark, 1927) Synonymy. See Donovan (1988a:40). Material, Locality and Horizon. Two tests. BMNH EE 2800 is from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. BMNH EE 2819 is also from the Yellow Limestone Group of Jamaica. Remarks. This species was figured by Arnold and Clark (1927:P1. 10, Figs. 4-6). Echinolampas sp. or spp. sensu lato Material, Locality and Horizon. Two tests, BMNH EE 2817, EE 2818. The original labels state: Eocene? Prob. Yellow Limestone. Jamaica. Remarks. Neither specimen closely resembles any described species of Echinolampas from Jamaica (Arnold and Clark, 1927:P1s. 9, 10). The use of probably on the original labels suggests that they may not actually be from Jamaica, by analogy with E. lucae (above). BMNH EE 2817 has at least 36 shallow pits bored into the aboral surface, concentrated in and around the petals (the ichnofossil Oichnus paraboloids Bromley, 1981). Fossil echinoids from Jamaica rarely show signs of epizoic activity, perhaps further indicating that this specimen is mislabeled. Family CASSIDULIDAE L. Agassiz and Desor Genus Eurhodia Haime Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927) Rhynchopygus matleyi Hawkins, 1927:79-80, P1. 22, Figs. 6-8; Arnold and Clark, 1927: 54-55, P1. 11, Figs. 3-4; McFarlane, 1977:

CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS Eupatagus cf. defectus Arnold and Clark, 1927 Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2808, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T. Remarks. Although slightly worn, this test demonstrates many diagnostic features of E. defectus, including the anterior sulcus (in contrast to the more common E. alatus), posterior apex and geometry of the petals (Arnold and Clark, 1927:65-66, Pl. 14, Figs. 1-3). Eupatagus cf. cubensis (Cotteau, 1875) Material, Locality and Horizon. Two imperfect tests, BMNH EE 2783, EE 2784, from the Eocene of Curacao. Collected by G. J. H. Molengraaf. Remarks. These specimens were originally labelled Eupatagus cf. depressus Jackson, 1922, a species that Kier (1984:103105, Pl. 55, Figs. 3-5, Pls. 56, 57) placed in synonymy with E. cubensis. Although poorly preserved, the Curacao specimens agree well with those figured by Kier. Eupatagus grandiflorus (Cotteau), a junior synonym of Eupatagus clevei (Cotteau; see Kier, 1984:98), has been reported from Curacao (Jackson and Robinson, 1994). Eupatagus spp. Material, Localify and Horizon. Two water-worn tests, BMNH EE 2804, EE 2805, from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.A.M. BMNH EE 2849, EE 2850 are from locality DK286, within a few miles of Henry Spring Bay, Jamaica, and are presumed Eocene. Three test fragments from the same locality, BMNH EE 2851-EE 2853 may be congeneric. Collected by C.A.M. Genus Macropneustes L. Agassiz Macropneustes? altus Arnold and Clark, 1927 (Fig. 7)

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Macropneustes altus Arnold and Clark, 1927: 68, Pl. 14, Figs. 7-9; Kier and Lawson, 1978:1 17; Donovan, 1988b. Macropneustes? altus Arnold and Clark; Donovan, 1993b: Table 10. Material, Locality and Horizon. A test, BMNH EE 2813 (Fig. 7), from the Eocene Yellow Limestone Group of Jamaica. Collected by C.T.T. or C.A.M. Remarks. The holotype of this species is poorly preserved (Donovan, 1993 b). BMNH EE 2813 is moderately well-preserved and shows all the diagnostic features outlined by Arnold and Clark (1927: 68), as well as retaining attributes (such as the periproct) not seen on the holotype. However, BMNH EE 2813 differs in gross morphology from the holotype in having a more heart-shaped outline, a more anterior apex and a more anterior peristome. Genus Plagiobrissus Pomel Plagiobrissus loveni (Cotteau, 1875) Synonymy. See Donovan (1988a:41). Material, Locality and Horizon. Three tests, all from the Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group of Jamaica; mid Lower to mid Middle Eocene. BMNH EE 2791 is from Spring Mount, parish of St. James, and was collected by C.T.T. A second specimen collected by C.T.T., BMNH EE 2803, lacks detailed locality information. The third, somewhat battered test, BMNH EE 2780, was collected by C.A.M. (Matley locality J213M) from near the base of the Yellow Limestone Group (Chapelton Formation) at Ginger Valley, parish of St. James, near the boundary with Trelawny. Remarks. This species was redescribed by Donovan (1993b:Fig. 18.1, 18.2). Suborder HEMIASTERINA Fischer Family HEMIASTERIDAE Clark Genus Hemiaster L. Agassiz Hemiaster? sp. or spp. Hemiaster; Hawkins, 1923:206; 1924:316, Pl. 18, Fig. 3; Donovan, 1988 b: Table 1; Donovan and Bowen, 1989:60. Hemiaster?; Chubb, 1961:4; Donovan, 1993a. Material, Locality, and Horizon. Three tests. BMNH EE 2811 is from the March-

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FIG. 7. Macropneustes? altus Arnold and Clark, BMNH EE 2813. a, apical view. b, oral view. c, posterior view. d, lateral view, anterior towards right. Scale bar represents 10 mm.