Chemistry Data Booklet

GCE
Chemistry
Data booklet
Edexcel Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Chemistry (8CH01)

Edexcel Advanced GCE in Chemistry (9CH01)
Issue 3
November 2008
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Acknowledgements
This specification has been produced by Edexcel on the basis of consultation with
teachers, examiners, consultants and other interested parties. Edexcel acknowledges
its indebtedness to all those who contributed their time and expertise to the
development of Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced GCE specifications.
Data from Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman 1984

Reproduced by permission of the Nuffield Foundation
References to third-party material made in this specification are made in good

faith. Edexcel does not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of
materials, which may be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein.
(Material may include textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and
websites.)
Authorised by Roger Beard

Prepared by Sarah Harrison
All the material in this publication is copyright
in this format Edexcel Limited 2008
Contents
Introduction
Selected Elements: Physical and Thermochemical Data
Infrared Spectroscopy
Correlation of infrared absorption wavenumbers with molecular structure

Infrared correlation table
5
6
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Ionization Energies
Atomic Radii and Pauling Electronegativities
10
Electron Affinities
11
Lattice Energies
12
Bond Lengths and Bond Energies
13
Standard Electrode Potentials
14
Standard Reduction Potentials
17
Equilibrium Constants for Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution
18
Indicators
19
Organic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical Data
20
Selected Inorganic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical

Data
24
The Periodic Table of the Elements
30
Introduction
This data booklet is for use with the Edexcel GCE in Chemistry (8CH01/9CH01) assessments for
units 4, 5 and 6.
Students will be provided with a clean copy of this data booklet for these assessments, which
should be kept under the same conditions as the assessment papers (examination papers and
internal assessment tasks).
Student may have a copy of this data booklet for their personal use in lessons and for
homework, to allow them to become familiar with how to use it.
Data booklet Edexcel AS/A GCE in Chemistry (8CH01/9CH01) Issue 3 November 2008
Selected Elements: Physical and Thermochemical Data

Z
St
A
Tm
Hb
S
Z
1
2
Hydrogen
Helium
H
He
2
1
g
g
A
/g mol1
1.0
4.0
3
4
5
6
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
(graphite)
Carbon
(diamond)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Li
Be
B
C
1
1
1
1
s
s
s
s
6.9
9.0
10.8
12.0
0.53
1.85
2.34
2.25
12.0
3.51
N
O
F
Ne
2
2
2
1
g
g
g
g
14.0
16.0
19.0
20.2
0.81
1.15
1.51
1.20
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
1
1
1
1
4
s
s
s
s
s
23.0
24.3
27.0
28.1
31.0
31.0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
Atomic number
State under standard conditions
Molar mass of element (to one decimal place)
Melting temperature (at 1 atm)
Standard molar enthalpy change of vaporization at Tb
Standard molar entropy at 298 K
Element
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
(red)
Phosphorus
(white)
St
/g cm
0.07 20 K
0.15 3 K
N
Tb
Hm
Hat
Tm
/K
14
1 26 atm
454
1551
2573
3925 -70
Number of atoms per molecule (atomicity) at Tb

Density (at 298 K) or density of liquid at Tb for gases
Boiling temperature (at 1 atm)
Standard molar enthalpy change of fusion at Tm
Standard molar enthalpy change of atomization at 298 K
For this table, the mole applies to single atoms.
Tb
/K
20
4
1615
3243
2823
5100
Hm
/kJ mol1
0.06
0.02
sub
Hb
/kJ mol1
0.45
0.08
S
/J mol1 K1
65.3
126.0
Hat
/kJ mol1
218.0
3.02
12.50
22.18
134.68
294.60
538.90
716.70
29.1
9.5
5.9
5.7
159.4
324.3
562.7
716.7
>3823
5100
2.4
714.8
63
55
53
25
77
90
85
27
0.36
0.22
2.55
0.34
2.79
3.41
3.27
1.77
95.8
102.5
158.6
146.2
472.7
249.2
79.0
0.97
1.74
2.70
2.33
2.34
371
922
933
1683
863
1156
1380
2740
2628
473
2.60
8.95
10.67
46.44
4.71
89.04
128.66
293.72
376.80
30.10
51.2
32.7
28.3
18.8
22.8
107.3
147.7
326.4
455.6
332.2
1.82
317
553
0.63
41.1
314.6
77 K
90 K
85 K
27 K
43 atm
143 atm
12.40
sub
Z
16
Element
S
A
/g mol1
32.1
32.1
1.96
Cl
Ar
2
1
g
g
35.5
39.9
1.56
1.40
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
l
g
39.1
40.1
45.0
47.9
50.9
52.0
54.9
55.8
58.9
58.7
63.5
65.4
69.7
72.6
74.9
79.0
79.9
83.8
0.86
1.54
2.99
4.50
5.96
7.20
7.20
7.86
8.90
8.90
8.92
7.14
5.90
5.35
5.73
4.81
3.12
2.15
Rubidium
Strontium
Molybdenum
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Rb
Sr
Mo
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
85.5
87.6
95.9
102.9
106.4
107.9
112.4
114.8
1.53
2.60
10.20
12.40
12.02
10.50
8.64
7.30
17
18
Sulfur
(rhombic)
Sulfur
(monoclinic)
Chlorine
Argon
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
42
45
46
47
48
49
16
St
/g cm
2.07
Tm
/K
386
Tb
/K
392
718
1.41
9.62
32.6
278.5
172
84
238
87
3.20
1.18
10.20
6.52
82.5
154.7
121.7
336
1112
1814
1933
2163
2130
1517
1808
1768
1728
1356
693
303
1210
1090
490
266
116
1033
1757
3104
3560
3653
2943
2235
3023
3143
3003
2840
1180
2676
3103
886
958
332
121
2.32
8.66
16.11
15.48
17.57
13.81
14.64
15.36
15.23
17.61
13.05
7.38
5.59
31.80
27.61
5.44
5.27
1.64
77.53
149.95
304.80
428.86
458.57
348.78
219.74
351.04
382.42
371.83
304.60
115.31
256.06
334.30
129.70
26.32
15.00
9.03
64.2
41.4
34.6
30.6
28.9
23.8
32.0
27.3
30.0
29.9
33.2
41.6
40.9
31.1
35.1
42.4
174.9
164.0
89.2
178.2
377.8
469.9
514.2
396.6
280.7
416.3
424.7
429.7
338.3
130.7
277.0
376.6
302.5
227.1
111.9
69.20
138.91
594.13
495.39
393.30
255.06
99.87
226.35
76.8
52.3
28.7
31.5
37.6
42.6
51.8
57.8
80.9
164.4
658.1
556.9
378.2
284.6
112.0
243.3
238 K
87 K
293 K
121 K
312
1042
2883
2239
1827
1235
594
429
28 atm
959
1657
5833
4000
3243
2485
1038
2353
Hm
/kJ mol1
sub
2.34
9.20
27.61
21.76
16.74
11.30
6.07
3.26
36 atm
Hb
/kJ mol1
S
/J mol1 K1
31.8
Hat
/kJ mol1
278.8
Z
50
50
51
52
53
54
Tin (white)
Tin (grey)
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Sn
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
1
1
4
2
2
1
s
s
s
s
s
g
A
/g mol1
118.7
118.7
121.8
127.6
126.9
131.3
55
56
57
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Cs
Ba
La
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
l
s
s
s
s
s
g
132.9
137.3
138.9
183.8
186.2
190.2
192.2
195.1
197.0
200.6
204.4
207.2
(209)
(210)
(210)
(222)
1.88
3.51
6.14
19.35
20.53
22.48
22.42
21.45
18.88
13.59
11.85
11.34
9.80
9.40
4.40
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Plutonium ( )
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Pu
1
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
(223)
(226)
(227)
232
(231)
238
(242)
5.00
10.07
11.70
15.37
19.05
19.84
Element
1
1
1
1
St
/g cm
7.28
5.75
6.68
6.00
4.93
3.52 164 K
211 K
Tm
/K
505
505
904
723
387
161
Tb
/K
2533
2543
2023
1263
457
166
302
998
1194
3683
3453
2973
2683
2045
1337
234
577
601
544
527
575
202
300
973
1323
2023
<1870
1405
914
Hm
/kJ mol1
7.20
19.83
17.49
7.89
2.30
Hb
/kJ mol1
290.37
67.91
50.63
20.85
12.64
S
/J mol1 K1
51.5
44.1
45.7
49.7
180.7
169.6
Hat
/kJ mol1
302.1
304.2
262.3
196.7
106.8
942
1913
3730
5933
5900
>5570
4403
4100
3353
630
1730
2013
1833
1235
610
211
2.13
7.66
11.30
35.22
33.05
29.29
26.36
19.66
12.36
2.30
4.27
4.77
10.88
12.55
11.92
2.90
65.90
150.92
399.57
799.14
707.10
627.60
563.58
510.45
324.43
59.15
162.09
179.41
151.50
60.20
45.20
16.40
85.2
62.8
56.9
32.6
36.9
32.6
35.5
41.6
47.4
76.0
64.2
64.8
56.7
62.8
60.7
176.1
76.1
180.0
431.0
849.4
769.9
790.8
655.2
565.3
366.1
61.3
182.2
195.0
207.1
144.1
90.4
950
<1410
3473
5060
4300
4091
3505
2.09
8.37
14.23
15.65
14.64
15.48
2.09
63.60
136.82
397.5
543.92
460.2
422.60
317.10
95.4
71.1
56.5
53.4
51.9
50.2
72.8
161.9
405.9
598.3
606.7
535.6
Infrared Spectroscopy
Correlation of infrared absorption wavenumbers with molecular structure
Intensity: w weak absorption; m medium absorption; s strong absorption;
v variable intensity of absorption; sh sharp absorption; b broad absorption.
Group
C H stretching vibrations
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Arene
Aldehyde
Intensity
Wavenumber range/cm-1
m-s
m
s
v
w and w
2962-2853
3095-3010
3300
3030
2900-2820 and 2775-2700
C H bending variations
Alkane
Arene
5 adjacent hydrogen atoms
v
v, s and v, s
v, s
v, m
v, m
v, m
1485-1365
750 and 700
750
780
830
880
N H stretching vibrations
Amine
Amide
m
m
3500-3300
3500-3140
O H stretching vibrations
Alcohols and phenols
Carboxylic acids
v, b
w
3750-3200
3300-2500
C O stretching vibrations
Esters
methanoates
ethanoates
propanoates
benzoates
s
s
s
s and s
1200-1180
1250-1230
1200-1150
1310-1250 and 1150-1100
Carbon-halogen stretching vibrations

C F
C Cl
C Br
C I
s
s
s
s
1400-1000
800-600
600-500
about 500
C=C stretching vibrations

Isolated alkene
Arene
v
v, m, v, m
1669-1645
1600, 1580, 1500, 1450
C=O stretching vibrations

Aldehydes, saturated alkyl
Ketones, aryl, alkyl
s
s
1740-1720
1700-1680
Group
Carboxylic acids
alkyl
aryl
Carboxylic acid anhydrides
Acyl halides
chlorides
bromides
Esters, saturated
Amides
Intensity
s
s
s and s
s
s
s
s
1725-1700
1700-1680
1850-1800 and 1790-1740
1795
1810
1750-1735
1700-1630
Triple bond stretching vibrations

CN
CC
m
v
2260-2215
2260-2100
Infrared correlation table

3750-3200
3500-3300
3500-3140
3300
3095-3010
3030
2962-2853
2900-2820
2775-2700
3300-2500
2260-2215
2260-2100
1850-1800
1810
1790-1740
1795
1750-1735
1740-1720
1730-1717
1725-1700
1700-1680
1700-1630
1669-1645
1600, 1580, 1500 and 1450
1485-1365
1400-1000
1310-1250
1250-1230
1200-1180
1200-1150
1150-1100
880-700
800-600
600-500
About 500
6
Group
Alcohols and phenols
Amine
Amide
Alkyne
Alkene
Arene
Alkane
Aldehyde
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
CN
CC
Carboxylic acid anhydride
Acyl bromide
Carboxylic acid anhydride
Acyl chloride
Ester
Aldehyde
Aryl ester
Carboxylic acid
Aryl and alkyl ketones, aryl carboxylic acid
Amides
Alkene
Arene
Alkane
Fluoroalkane
Benzoate
Ethanoate
Methanoate
Propanoate
Benzoate
Arene
Chloroalkane
Bromoalkane
Iodoalkane
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

CH3OH
3.39
H C C=C
alkenes
arenes
benzene
ethene
7.27
5.28
propanone
2.10
H C N
amine
amide
CON H
amide
COO H
carboxylic acid
Ar N H
phenylamines
C N H
amine
H C C=O
aldehyde
ketone
ester
amide
acid
Ar O H
phenol
TMS
H C O
alcohol
ether
ester
O H
alcohol
Ar H
arene ring
O
C H
aldehyde
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
H C=C
alkene
6.0
H C halogen
halogenoalkane
R2CHF>R2CHCl>
R2CHBr>R2CHI
5.0
4.0
3.0
Chemical shifts for

hydrogen relative to
TMS
(tetramethylsilane)
H C C
alkane
R3CH>R2CH2>
RCH3
2.0
1.0
0.0
/ppm for TMS
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Z
1 H
2 He
419
590
631
658
650
653
717
759
758
737
746
496
738
578
789
1012
1000
1251
1521
520
900
801
1086
1402
1314
1681
2081
j=1
1312
2372
11815
14849
3660
4621
4578
5301
6051
6122
6913
7733
2745
3232
2912
3361
3822
3931
4412
4912
2389
2653
2828
2987
3249
2958
3232
3394
3554
4563
1451
1817
1577
1903
2251
2297
2666
3051
1145
1235
1310
1414
1592
1509
1561
1646
1753
1958
7298
1757
2427
2353
2856
3388
3374
3952
5251
Ionization Energies
5877
6474
7089
4175
4507
4740
4940
5290
4950
5300
5330
9544
10541
11578
4356
4957
4564
5158
5771
21007
25026
6223
7475
7469
8408
9370
7975
8144
8844
9573
6294
6686
6985
7236
7671
7285
7709
13352
13629
14831
16091
6274
7012
6542
7238
32828
37832
9445
10989
11022
12177
9649
10496
10720
11517
12362
8738
9200
9600
9840
10400
9940
16611
17995
18378
19785
21269
8496
9362
8781
47278
53268
13327
15164
15239
14942
14207
15313
16259
16760
17822
18956
14576
15100
15600
16000
25491
25657
27460
29253
29855
31671
33606
13842
84080
92040
23069
16964
18192
17370
18640
19860
20200
21400
22679
17960
18600
19200
28934
31644
31862
33878
35868
36579
38601
40761
106437
115382
48577
20385
21741
20833
22240
23580
23960
25290
26600
21660
22400
141367
35463
38458
38734
40960
43140
43963
46188
131435
10
54433
57050
24106
25592
24609
26130
27600
28020
29400
30990
25700
159079
169996
42655
45935
46274
48706
51068
52003
11
60701
189371
201276
50512
54074
54483
57119
59654
12
68896
222313
235211
59037
62876
63364
66201
13
75950
257928
271807
68232
72342
72920
14
11343
12320
13320
13586
14490
15540
11508
12100
12400
12800
13400
20115
21704
23296
23787
25398
27107
11018
11996
64362
71337
17868
19999
Emj/kJ mol 1
6
7
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
Pt
Au
Hg
Rn
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
78
79
80
86
376
503
870
890
1007
1037
403
550
616
660
664
685
702
711
720
805
731
868
558
709
834
869
1008
1170
j=1
906
579
762
947
941
1140
1315
3900
4210
1980
2218
2416
2621
2850
2747
2997
3177
3361
3616
2705
2943
2440
2698
3200
3100
3300
2632
1064
1181
1267
1382
1558
1472
1617
1745
1875
2074
1631
1821
1412
1595
1790
1846
2047
2420
965
1791
1980
1810
3300
3
3833
2963
3302
2736
2974
3500
3565
2
1733
1979
1537
1798
2045
2100
2368
6850
6908
7429
7863
4877
5905
6974
5403
5668
5200
3930
4260
3610
10400
6820
8144
8761
8973
9500
9900
6600
14800
12100
12230
13200
13100
11800
12400
9572
10200
11200
18600
12158
9021
6043
6590
5760
6243
14990
9938
10710
12312
7883
8549
7574
5
7970
5080
5500
5960
3313
3700
4480
4
5730
6200
4411
4837
4144
4560
5070
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Z
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Emj/kJ mol 1
6
7
8
10400 12900 16800
14500
15600
14137
22230
9
19600
26740
17100
18400
10
23000
31270
19900
11
26400
12
13
14
Atomic Radii and Pauling Electronegativities

This table is arranged according to the periodic table.
rv
rcov
ri
NP
Van der Waals radius

rm Metallic radius for coordination number 12
Covalent radius
Ionic radius for coordination number 6, except where superscript number 4 3
indicates different coordination number (figures in parentheses give charge
state)
Pauling electronegativity index
Group
1
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
NH4+
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
B
Al
Ga
d
block
10
rv
/nm
0.180
0.230
0.280
0.170
0.190
rm
/nm
0.157
0.191
0.235
0.250
0.272
rcov
/nm
0.134
0.154
0.196
ri
/nm
0.074(+1)
0.102(+1)
0.138(+1)
0.149(+1)
0.170(+1)
0.150(+1)
0.112
0.160
0.197
0.215
0.224
0.125
0.145
0.027(+2)4
0.072(+2)
0.100(+2)
0.113(+2)
0.136(+2)
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.098
0.143
0.153
0.090
0.130
0.120
0.012(+3)4
0.053(+3)
0.062(+3)
2.0
1.5
1.6
Sc
Ti
V
0.164
0.147
0.135
0.075(+3)
0.061(+4)
0.054(+5)
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Mo
Ag
Cd
Au
Hg
0.129
0.137
0.126
0.125
0.125
0.128
0.137
0.140
0.144
0.152
0.144
0.155
0.030(+6)4
0.026(+7)4
0.055(+3)
0.053(+3)
0.056(+3)
0.073(+2)
0.075(+2)
0.060(+6)
0.065(+3)4
0.095(+2)
0.070(+3)4
0.102(+2)
C
Si
Ge
Sn
0.160
0.140
0.140
0.160
0.170
0.175
0.170
0.170
0.210
0.190
etc
0.092
0.132
0.139
0.158
0.139
0.125
0.126
0.121
0.135
0.120
0.152
0.148
0.148
0.077
0.118
0.122
0.140
0.040(+4)
0.054(+4)
0.069(+4)
NP
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.067(+3)
0.059(+4)
0.062(+3)
0.058(+3)
0.061(+2)
0.065(+2)
0.070(+2)
0.046(+1)2
0.086(+2)
0.064(+3)
0.079(+2)
0.073(+2)
0.067(+2)
1.3
1.5
1.6
0.137(+1)
0.097(+1)3
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.7
2.4
1.9
0.122(+2)8
2.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.065(+4)
0.115(+1)
0.067(+3)
0.089(+2)
Group
rv
/nm
0.200
rm
/nm
0.175
rcov
/nm
ri
/nm
0.078(+4)
N
P
As
Sb
Bi
0.155
0.185
0.075
0.110
0.122
0.143
0.200
0.088
0.128
0.139
0.161
0.182
0.171(-3)
0.017(+5)4 0.190(-3)
0.050(+5) 0.220(-3)
0.061(+5) 0.080(+3)5
0.102(+3)
3.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
O
S
Se
Te
0.150
0.180
0.190
0.210
0.089
0.127
0.140
0.143
0.073
0.102
0.117
0.135
0.140(-2)
0.102(+6)4 0.185(-2)
0.029(+6)4 0.195(-2)
0.052(+4)3 0.220(-2)
3.5
2.5
2.4
2.1
H
F
Cl
Br
I
0.120
0.155
0.180
0.190
0.195
0.078
0.037
0.071
0.099
0.144
0.133
0.208(-1)
0.133(-1)
0.180(-1)
0.195(-1)
0.215(-1)
2.1
4.0
3.0
2.8
2.5
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
0.180
0.160
0.190
0.200
0.220
Pb
5
0 (8)
NP
0.118(+2)
1.8
0.020(+7)4 0.012(+5)3
0.026(+7)4
0.095(+5)
Electron Affinities
U
Element
H
N
O
P
S
Br
Electron affinity*, that is, molar internal energy change (at 0 K) for
process: Xn (g) + e
X(n+1) (g) (n = zero or positive).
U/kJ mol
72.8
0 ( 19)
+798
72
+640
324.6
Element
U/kJ mol
C
O
F
S
Cl
I
122.3
141.1
328.0
200.4
348.8
295.4
* Some chemists define electron affinity for the reverse process.

Reference: Hotop.
11
Lattice Energies
The lattice energy U of a crystal XmYn is the molar internal energy change for the process:
mXn+(g) + nYm-(g)
XmYn(s, 1 atm)
The main entry in the table is the experimental value of U (based on the Born-Haber cycle and using data in this booklet); the second entry in
parentheses is the theoretical value based on calculations.
Lattice
Cl-
BrU/kJ mol-1
803
(799)
742
(735)
679
(674)
656
(653)
635
(623)
Li+
Na+
K+
Rb+
Cs+
1031
918
817
783
747
(1031)
(912)
(807)
(772)
(739)
848
780
711
685
661
(845)
(770)
(702)
(677)
(643)
Ag+
Be2+
Mg2+
Ca2+
Sr2+
958
3505
2957
2630
2492
(920)
(3150)
(2913)
(2609)
(2476)
905
3020
2526
2258
2156
(833)
(3004)
(2326)
(2223)
(2127)
891
2914
2440
2176
2075
Ba2+
Zn2+
Cd2+
Hg2+
Pb2+
2352
3032
2809
2522
(2341)
(2930)
(2740)
(2757)
(2460)
2056
2734
2552
2651
2269
(2033)
(2690)
(2526)
(2569)
(2229)
829
(2644)
( )
(834)
2537
993
705
(2368)
(904)
(688)
Mn2+
Cu2+
NH4+
12
F-
I-
O2-
S2-
759
705
651
628
613
(738)
(687)
(636)
(617)
(592)
2814
2478
2232
2161
2063
(2799)
(2481)
(2238)
(2163)
( )
2499
2198
2052
1944
1850
(2376)
(2134)
(1933)
(1904)
( )
(816)
(2950)
(2097)
(2132)
(2008)
889
2800
2327
2074
1963
(778)
(2653)
(1944)
(1905)
(1937)
2910
4443
3791
3401
3223
(3002)
(4293)
(3795)
(3414)
(3217)
2677
3832
3299
3013
2848
( )
(3841)
(3318)
(3038)
(2874)
1985
2678
2507
2628
2219
(1950)
(2632)
(2468)
(2598)
(2169)
1877
2605
2441
2610
2163
(1831)
(2549)
(2406)
(2569)
(2086)
3054
3971
(3029)
(4142)
(3806)
(3907)
(3502)
2725
3322
3121
3037
(2711)
( )
( )
( )
( )
2471
976
673
(2304)
(870)
(658)
963
641
(2212)
(833)
(629)
3745
3189
(3724)
(3273)
( )
3238
2865
2026
(3376)
( )
(2008)
Bond Lengths and Bond Energies

L
E(X-Y)
Bond length
Bond energy
Bond
in
Br2
HBr
Cl2
HCl
F2
L
/nm
0.228
0.141
0.199
0.127
0.142
E(X-Y)
/kJ mol-1
192.9
366.3
243.4
432.0
158
Bond
in
1
2
3
4
5
Br
Br
Cl
Cl
F
Br
H
Cl
H
F
6
7
8
9
10
F
I
H
H
H
H
I
I
H
Si
HF
I2
HI
H2
SiH4
0.092
0.267
0.161
0.074
0.148
11
12
13
14
15
H
H
H
H
H
33
34
35
36
37
O Si
O=Si
OSi
P P
PP
SiO2(s)
SiO2(g)
SiO
P4
P2
0.221
0.189
E(X-Y)
/kJ mol-1
466
638
805
198
485
568.0
151.2
298.3
435.9
318
38
39
40
41
42
C C
C=C
CC
C H
C H
average
average
average
average
CH4
0.154
0.134
0.120
0.108
0.109
347
612
838
413
435
GeH4
NH3
PH3
AsH3
H2 O
0.153
0.101
0.144
0.152
0.096
285
391
321
297
464
43
44
45
46
47
C
C
C
C
C
F
F
F
Cl
Cl
average
CH3F
CF4
average
CCl4
0.138
0.139
0.132
0.177
0.177
467
452
485
346
327
16
17
18
19
20
H S
H Se
Na Na
K K
N N
H2 S
H2Se
Na2
K2
N 2 H4
0.134
0.146
0.308
0.392
0.145
364
313
72
49
158
48
49
50
51
52
CCl
C Br
C Br
C I
C I
C6H5Cl
average
CBr4
average
CH3I
0.170
0.194
0.194
0.214
0.214
290
285
228
234
21
22
23
24
N=N
NN
N O
N=O
0.120
0.110
0.120
0.114
410
945.4
214
587
53
54
55
56
C N
C=N
average
average
average
phenylamine
0.147
0.130
0.116
0.135
286
615
887
25 NP
C6H14N2
N2
HNO2
NOF,
NOCl
PN
0.149
582
57 C O
average
0.143
358
26
27
28
29
30
O O
O O
O=O
S S
S=S
H2 O 2
O3
O2
S8
S2
0.148
0.128
0.121
0.205
0.189
144
302
498.3
266
429.2
58
59
60
61
62
CH3OH
CO2
HCHO
aldehydes
ketones
0.143
0.116
0.121
0.122
0.122
336
805
695
736
749
31 O Si
32 Si Si
SO3
Si(s),
SiH4
0.143
0.235
469
226
63 CO
64 C Si
CO
(CH3)4Si,
SiC(s)
0.113
0.187
1077
307
Ge
N
P
As
O
CN
CN
C O
C=O
C=O
C=O
C=O
L
/nm
0.161
References: Sutton, Johnson, Cottrell.
13
Standard Electrode Potentials

E
Standard electrode potential of aqueous system at 298 K, that is, standard emf
of electrochemical cell in which Pt [H2(g)] 2H+(aq) forms the left-hand side
electrode system
1
2
3
4
5
Right-hand electrode system

Li+(aq)|Li(s)
Rb+(aq)|Rb(s)
K+(aq)|K(s)
Ca2+(aq)|Ca(s)
Na+(aq)|Na(s)
E /V
-3.03
-2.93
-2.92
-2.87
-2.71
6
7
8
9
10
Mg2+(aq)|Mg(s)
Ce3+(aq)|Ce(s)
U3+(aq)|U(s)
Al3+(aq)|Al(s)
Mn2+(aq)|Mn(s)
-2.37
-2.33
-1.80
-1.66
-1.19
11
12
13
14
15
V2+(aq)|V(s)
[SO (aq) + H2O(l)], [SO (aq) + 2OH (aq)]|Pt
Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s)
Cr3+(aq)|Cr(s)
[As(s) + 3H+(aq)], AsH3(g)|Pt
-1.18
-0.93
-0.76
-0.74
-0.60
16
17
18
19
20
[2SO (aq) + 3H2O(l)], [S2O (aq) + 6OH (aq)]|Pt

Fe(OH)3(s), [Fe(OH)2(s) + OH-(aq)]|Pt
S(s), S2-(aq)|Pt
Fe2+(aq)|Fe(s)
Cr3+(aq), Cr2+(aq)|Pt
-0.58
-0.56
-0.48
-0.44
-0.41
21
22
23
24
25
Cd2+(aq)|Cd(s)
[Se(s) + 2H+(aq)], H2Se(g)|Pt
-0.40
-0.40
-0.36
-0.28
-0.28
26
27
28
29
30
V3+(aq), V2+(aq)|Pt
Ni2+(aq)|Ni(s)
Sn2+(aq)|Sn(white, s)
Pb2+(aq)|Pb(s)
14
PbSO4(s), [Pb(s) + SO -(aq)]|Pt

Co2+(aq)|Co(s)
[H3PO4(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [H3PO3(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
[CrO42-(aq) + 4H2O(l)], [Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH-(aq)]|Pt
-0.26
-0.25
-0.14
-0.13
-0.13

2H+(aq)|[H2(g)]Pt
S4O(aq), S2O (aq)|Pt
[2H+(aq) + S(s)], H2S(aq)|Pt
[Sn4+(aq)1.0M HCl], [Sn2+(aq)(1.0M HCl)]|Pt
Cu2+(aq), Cu+(aq)|Pt
E /V
0
+0.09
+0.14
+0.15
+0.15
36
37
38
39
40
[4H+(aq) + SO -(aq)], [H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt

AgCl(s), [Ag(s) + Cl-(aq)]|Pt
[PbO2(s) + 2H2O(l)], [Pb(OH)2(s) + 2OH-(aq)]|Pt
Hg2Cl2(s), [2Hg(s) + 2Cl-(aq)]|Pt
[PbO2(s) + H2O(l)], [PbO(s) + 2OH-(aq)]|Pt
+0.17
+0.22
+0.25
+0.27
+0.28
41
42
43
44
45
Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s)
[VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [V3+(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
+0.34
+0.34
+0.36
+0.40
+0.40
46
47
48
49
50
[S2O (aq) + 6H+(aq)], [2S(s) + 3H2O(l)]|Pt

[IO-(aq) + H2O(l)], [I-(aq) + 2OH-(aq)] Pt
[4H2SO3(aq) + 4H+(aq)], [S4O(aq) + 6H2O(l)]|Pt
Cu+(aq)|Cu(s)
51
52
53
54
55
[MnO -(aq) + 2H2O(l)], [MnO2(s) + 4OH-(aq)]|Pt

[2H+(aq) + O2(g)], H2O2(aq)|Pt
[C6H4O2(aq) + 2H+(aq)], C6H4(OH)2(aq)|Pt
Fe3+(aq), Fe2+(aq)|Pt
56
57
58
59
60
Ag+(aq)|Ag(s)
31
32
33
34
35
Fe(CN) -(aq), Fe(CN) -(aq)|Pt

[O2(g) + 2H2O(l)], 4OH-(aq)|Pt
[2H2SO3(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [S2O -(aq) + 3H2O(l)]|Pt
I2(aq), 2I-(aq)|Pt
Hg +(aq)|Hg(s)
[2NO(aq) + 4H+(aq)], [N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt

[ClO-(aq) + H2O(l)], [Cl-(aq) + 2OH-(aq)]|Pt
2Hg2+(aq), Hg +(aq)|Pt
[NO(aq) + 3H+(aq)], [HNO2(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
+0.47
+0.49
+0.51
+0.52
+0.54
+0.59
+0.68
+0.70
+0.77
+0.79
+0.80
+0.80
+0.89
+0.92
+0.94
15
61
62
63
64
65

[HNO2(aq) + H+(aq)], [NO(g) + H2O(l)]|Pt
[HIO(aq) + H+(aq)], [I-(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
[VO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [VO2+(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
[N2O4(g) + 4H+(aq)], [2NO(g) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
Br2(l), 2Br-(aq)|Pt
66
67
68
69
70
Br2(aq), 2Br-(aq)|Pt
[2IO(aq) + 12H+(aq)], [I2(aq) + 6H2O(l)]|Pt
[MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq)], [Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
71
72
73
74
75
[PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq)], [Pb2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

Mn3+(aq), Mn2+(aq)|Pt
76
77
78
79
80
[2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [Cl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt

[2HBrO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [Br2(l) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
81
82
83
84
85
Pb4+(aq), Pb2+(aq)|Pt
[Cr2O -(aq) + 14H+(aq)], [2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)]|Pt

Cl2(aq), 2Cl-(aq)|Pt
[MnO(aq) + 8H+(aq)], [Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

2BrO(aq), [Br2(aq) + 6H2O(l)]|Pt
[2HBrO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [Br2(aq) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
[H5IO6(aq) + H+(aq)], [IO(aq) + 3H2O(l)]|Pt

[2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
[2HCl(aq) + 6H+(aq)], [Cl2(g) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt
[2ClO(aq) + 8H+(aq)], [Cl2(g) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

[Cl2O(g) + 2H+(aq)], [Cl2(g) + H2O(l)]|Pt
[PbO2(s) + SO -(aq) + 4H+(aq)], [PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
[MnO(aq) + 4H+(aq)], [MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt
E /V
+0.99
+0.99
+1.00
+1.03
+1.07
+1.09
+1.19
+1.23
+1.33
+1.36
+1.46
+1.49
+1.51
+1.52
+1.57
+1.59
+1.60
+1.60
+1.63
+1.64
+1.66 (in 1.1M HClO4)
+1.68
+1.68
+1.69
+1.70
86
87
88
89
90
Ce4+(aq), Ce3+(aq)|Pt
[H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq)], 2H2O(l)|Pt
Co3+(aq), Co2+(aq)|Pt
Ag2+(aq), Ag+(aq)|Pt
S2O -(aq), 2SO -(aq)|Pt
+1.70 (in M HClO4)

+1.77
+1.81 (in M HNO3)
+1.98
+2.01
91
92
93
[O3(g) + 2H+(aq)], [O2(g) + H2O(l)]|Pt

[F2O(g) + 2H+(aq)], [2F (aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt
F2(g), 2F (aq)|Pt
+2.08
+2.15
+2.87
References: Latimer, de Bethune, Parsons, US National Bureau of Standards.
16
Standard Reduction Potentials

Values at 298K (in alphabetical order).
Electrode reaction
Eo/V
Ag+(aq) + e-
+0.80
Ag(s)
Al3+(aq) + 3eBa2+(aq) + 2eBr2(l) + e
-1.66
Ba(s)
-2.90
+1.07
Br (aq)
-
2+
Ca (aq) + 2e
Cl2(g) + e
Al(s)
-2.87
+1.36
Ca(s)
Cl (aq)
HClO(g) + H (aq) + e+
Cr3+(aq) + e-
Cl2(g) + H2O(l)
Cr2+(aq)
3+
Cr2O (aq) + 14H (aq) + 6e

+
Cu (aq) + e
2Cr (aq) + 7H2O(l)
+1.59
-0.41
+1.33
+0.52
Cu(s)
Cu(s)
+0.34
Cu2+(aq)+ e-
Cu+(aq)
+0.15
F2(g) + e-
F- (aq)
+2.87
Fe2+(aq) + 2e-
Fe(s)
Fe3+(aq) + e-
Fe2+(aq)
-0.44
+0.77
Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
H+(aq) + e-
H2(g)
+0.00
I2(s) + e-
I- (aq)
+0.54
Li+(aq) + e-
Li(s)
+
MnO(aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e
MnO(aq) + e
Mn (aq) + 4H2O(l)
MnO (aq)
H2O2(aq) + H+(aq) + e-
MnO2(s) + 4OH- (aq)

H2O(l)
+0.59
+1.77
H2O(l)
+1.23
H2O2(aq)
+0.68
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2eO2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
-3.03
+1.51
+0.56
MnO -(aq) +2H2O(l) + 2e-
Pb4+(aq) + 2e-
2+
Pb2+(aq)
+1.66
Sn4+(aq) + 2e-
Sn2+(aq)
+0.15
S + 2H+ + 2e-
H2S
+0.14
Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
Zn(s)
-0.76
17
Equilibrium Constants for Acids and Bases in Aqueous

Solution
Acid or ion
Equilibrium
(all in aqueous solution)
Sulfuric
H2SO4
H+ + HSO
Ka (298 K)
/mol dm-3
Very large
Nitric
HNO3
H+ + NO
40
Chromic(VI)
H2CrO4
H + HCrO
Trichlororethanoic
CCl3CO2H
Iodic(V)
HIO3
Dichloroethanoic
CHCl2CO2H
Sulfurous
H2SO3
Phosphonic
HClO2
Hydrogensulfate ion
HSO
Phosphoric(V)
H3PO4
5.0 x 10-2
1.3
1.5 x 10-2
1.8
1.6 x 10
-2
1.8
1.0 x 10
-2
2.0
1.0 x 10-2
2.0
7.9 x 10-3
2.1
1.3 x 10
-3
2.9
4.7 x 10
-4
3.3
1.6 x 10
-4
3.8
6.3 x 10-5
4.2
2.0 x 10-5
4.6
1.7 x 10
-5
4.8
1.5 x 10
-5
4.8
1.3 x 10-5
4.9
6.3 x 10-7
6.2
4.5 x 10
-7
6.4
8.9 x 10
-8
7.1
6.2 x 10-8
7.2
6.2 x 10-8
7.2
H+ + ClO-
3.7 x 10-8
7.4
2.1 x 10
-9
8.7
5.8 x 10
-10
9.2
H+ + CHCl2CO
H+ + HSO
+
H + H2PO
H+ + ClO
H+ + SO
+
H + CH2ClCO
H + NO
Methanoic
HCO2H
Benzoic
C6H5CO2H
Phenylammonium ion
C6H5NH
Ethanoic
H+ + HCO
H+ + C6H5CO
H+ + C6H5NH2
+
CH3CO2H
H + CH3CO
Butanoic
CH3(CH2)2CO2H
Propanoic
CH3CH2CO2H
Dihydrogen phosphonate ion
H2PO
Carbonic
H2S
Hydrogensulfite ion
HSO
Dihydrogenphosphate(V) ion
H2PO
Chloric(I)
HClO
Bromic(I)
H+ + CH3(CH2)2CO
H+ + CH3CH2CO
H+ + HPO+
H2O + CO2
Hydrogen sulfide
H+ + H2PO
HNO2
H + HCO
H+ + HSH+ + SO
H+ + HPO
+
HBrO
-1.0
0.7
0.8
CH2ClCO2H
Nitrous
2.3 x 10
H + CCl3CO
-1
1.7 x 10-1
H3PO3
Chloroethanoic
H+ + IO
Chloric(III)
-1.4
10
pKa
(at 298 K)
H + BrO
Boric
H3BO3
Ammonium ion
NH
H+ + NH3
5.6 x 10-10
9.3
Hydrocyanic
HCN
H+ + CN-
4.9 x 10-10
9.3
1.3 x 10
-10
9.9
1.3 x 10
-10
9.9
Ethane-1,2-diammonium ion
H+ + H2BO
CH2NH2CH2NH
Phenol
C6H5OH
Hydrogencarbonate ion
HCO
Butylammonium ion
C4H9NH
Hydrogen peroxide
H2O2
Hydrogenphosphate(V) ion
HPO
H + CH2NH2CH2NH2
H+ + C6H5OH+ + CO
H + PO
2.4 x 10-12
11.6
4.4 x 10
-13
12.4
-13
12.9
14.0
Hydrogensulfide ion
HS-
H+ + S2-
1.2 x 10
Water
H2O
H+ + OH-
1.0 x 10-14
18
10.3
10.8
H+ + C4H9NH2
H+ + HO
-
4.8 x 10-11
Indicators
1
2
3
4
5
Methyl violet
Malachite green
Thymol blue (acid)
Methyl yellow (in ethanol)
Methyl orangexylene
cyanole solution
6
7
8
9
10
Methyl orange
Bromophenol blue
Congo red
Bromocresol green
Methyl red
11
12
13
14
15
Azolitmin (litmus)
Bromocresol purple
Bromothymol blue
Phenol red
Thymol blue (base)
16 Phenolphthalein (in ethanol)

17 Thymolphthalein
18 Alizarin yellow R
pKin
(at 298 K)
0.8
1.0
1.7
3.5
3.7
pH range
acid
yellow
yellow
red
red
purple
0.01.6
0.21.8
1.22.8
2.94.0
3.24.2
alkaline
blue
blue/green
yellow
yellow
green
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.7
5.1
red
yellow
violet
yellow
red
3.24.4
2.84.6
3.05.0
3.85.4
4.26.3
yellow
blue
red
blue
yellow
6.3
7.0
7.9
8.9
red
yellow
yellow
yellow
yellow
5.08.0
5.26.8
6.07.6
6.88.4
8.09.6
blue
purple
blue
red
blue
9.3
9.7
12.5
colourless
colourless
yellow
8.210.0
8.310.6
10.113.0
red
blue
orange/red
Note: Most indicators are 0.1% solutions in H2O unless stated otherwise.
Warning: Certain indicators are poisonous and should be handled carefully, particularly when
concentrated.
19
Organic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical Data

St
Tm
H
S
State: s solid, l liquid, g gas

M
Density at 298 K or density of liquid at just below Tb for gases,
Melting temperature (at 1 atm unless stated)
Tb
Standard molar enthalpy change of combustion at 298 K
H
Standard molar entropy at 298 K (the values of
p
standard entropy of diatomic gaseous elements is for
mol of the element)
Compound
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Straight chain alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Decane
Eicosane
Branched alkanes
2-methylpropane
2-methylbutane
2-methylpentane
2-methylhexane
2-methylheptane
2,2-dimethylpropane
20
Formula
St
M
/g mol
Molar mass
unless otherwise indicated
Boiling temperature (at 1 atm unless stated)
Standard molar enthalpy change of formation at 298 K
Dipole moment in the gas phase (debye D)
/g cm
28.0 1.25 x 10
44.0 1.98 x 10
3 gas
Tm
/K
Tb
/K
H
/kJ
mol 1
H
/kJ
mol 1
S
/J mol 1
K1
p
/D
74.1
216.5
81.6
194.0
283.0
110.5
393.5
197.6
213.6
CO
CO2
g
g
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3
CH3(CH2)2CH3
CH3(CH2)3CH3
CH3(CH2)4CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)6CH3
CH3(CH2)8CH3
CH3(CH2)18CH3
g
g
g
g
l
l
l
l
l
s
16.0
30.1
44.1
58.1
72.2
86.2
100.2
114.2
142.3
282.6
0.466liq
0.572liq
0.585liq
0.601liq
0.626
0.660
0.684
0.703
0.730
0.789
91.1
89.8
83.4
134.7
143.1
178.1
182.5
216.3
243.4
309.9
109.1
184.5
231.0
272.6
309.2
342.1
371.5
398.8
447.2
616.9
890.3
1559.7
2219.2
2876.5
3509.1
4163.0
4816.9
5470.2
6777.9
74.8
84.7
104.5
126.5
173.2
198.6
224.0
250.0
300.9
186.2
229.5
269.9
310.1
261.2
295.9
328.5
361.1
425.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(CH3)2CHCH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)3CH(CH2)4CH3
C(CH3)4
g
l
l
l
l
g
58.1
72.2
86.2
100.2
114.2
72.2
0.557liq
0.620
0.653
0.679
0.698
0.591liq
113.7
113.2
119.4
154.8
164.1
256.6
261.4
301.0
333.4
363.1
390.7
282.6
2868.5
3503.4
4157.0
4811.4
5465.2
3492.5
134.5
178.9
204.6
229.5
255.0
189.8
294.6
260.4
306.4
3 gas
Compound
Cyclo-alkanes
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Alkenes
Ethene
Propene
But-1-ene
E-But-2-ene (trans-But-2-ene)
Z-But-2-ene (cis-But-2-ene)
Cyclohexene
Phenylethene (styrene)
Alkynes
Ethyne (acetylene)
Arenes
Benzene
Naphthalene
Methylbenzene (toluene)
Amines
Methylamine
Dimethylamine
Trimethylamine
Ethylamine
1-Aminobutane
2-Aminobutane
Phenylamine (aniline)
Halogenocompounds
Fluoromethane
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Formula
St
M
/g mol
Tm
/K
Tb
/K
H
/kJ
mol 1
H
/kJ
mol 1
S
/J mol 1
K1
p
/D
(CH2)3
(CH2)4
CH2(CH2)3CH3
CH2(CH2)4CH3
g
g
l
l
42.1
56.1
70.1
84.2
0.694liq
0.745
0.779
145.5
182.4
179.2
279.6
240.4
285.1
322.3
353.8
2091.4
2720.9
3289.4
3919.5
+53.3
+3.7
107.1
156.3
204.3
204.4
CH2=CH2
CH2=CHCH3
CH2=CHCH2CH3
CH3CH=CHCH3
CH3CH=CHCH3
CH2(CH2)3CH=CH
C6H5CH=CH2
g
g
g
g
g
l
l
28.1
42.1
56.1
56.1
56.1
81.2
104.2
0.610liq
0.514liq
0.595liq
0.604liq
0.621liq
0.811
0.906
104.1
87.9
87.8
167.6
134.2
169.6
242.5
169.4
225.7
266.8
274.0
276.8
356.5
418.3
1410.8
2058.1
2716.8
2705.0
2709.4
3751.9
4395.0
+52.2
+20.2
0.4
12.2
7.8
38.1
+103.8
219.5
266.9
305.6
296.4
300.8
345.1
0
0.35
0.38
0
0.55
0
CHCH
26.0 0.618liq
192.3
189.1
1300.8
+228.0
200.8
C6H6
C10H8
C6H5CH3
l
s
l
278.6
353.6
178.1
353.2
491.1
383.7
3267.4
5155.9
3909.8
+49.0
+77.7
+12.1
172.8
319.7
0.36
CH3NH2
(CH3)2NH
(CH3)3N
CH3CH2NH2
CH3(CH2)3NH2
CH3CH2CHNH2CH3
C6H5NH2
g
g
g
g
l
l
l
31.1
45.1
59.1
45.1
73.1
73.1
93.1
0.660liq
0.656liq
0.633liq
0.683liq
0.739
0.734
1.022
179.6
180.1
155.9
192.1
224.0
201.1
266.8
266.8
280.5
276.0
289.7
350.9
336.6
457.1
1085.0
1768.8
2442.9
1739.8
3018.3
3008.4
3392.6
23.0
18.5
23.7
47.5
127.6
137.5
+31.3
243.3
280.5
287.0
1.30
0.93
0.71
0.99
1.32
1.53
CH3F
CH3Cl
CH3Br
g
g
g
34.0 0.557liq
50.5 0.916liq
94.9 1.676liq
131.3
176.0
179.5
194.7
248.9
276.7
764.0
769.9
247.0
82.0
37.2
234.5
246.3
1.86
1.79
78.1 0.879
128.2 1.101
92.1 0.867
/g cm
21
Compound
Iodomethane
Dichloromethane
Trichloromethane
Tetrachloromethane
Tetraiodomethane
1-Chlorobutane
1-Bromobutane
1-Iodobutane
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane
2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
2-Iodo-2-methylpropane
Chlorobenzene
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Propan-1-ol
Propan-2-ol
Butan-1-ol
Pentan-1-ol
Hexan-1-ol
Ethane-1,2-diol
Propan-1,2,3-triol
2-Methylpropan-2-ol
Cyclohexanol
Aldehydes
Methanal (formaldehyde)
Ethanal (acetaldehyde)
Propanal
Butanal
Benzaldehyde
Ketones
Propanone (acetone)
22
Formula
St
M
/g mol
Tm
/K
Tb
/K
p
/D
CH3I
CH2Cl2
CHCl3
CCl4
CI4
CH3(CH2)3Cl
CH3(CH2)3Br
CH3(CH2)3I
(CH3)2CClCH3
(CH3)2CBrCH3
(CH3)2CICH3
C6H5Cl
l
l
l
l
s
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
141.9
84.9
119.4
153.8
519.6
92.6
137.0
184.0
92.6
137.0
184.0
112.6
2.279
1.316
1.479
1.594
4.320
0.886
1.276
1.615
0.842
1.221
1.571
1.106
206.7
178.0
209.6
250.1
150.0
160.7
170.1
247.7
256.9
234.9
227.5
315.5
313.1
334.8
349.6
403-13sub
351.5
374.7
403.6
323.8
346.4
373.1
405.1
H
/kJ
mol 1
814.6
605.8
474.0
359.9
2704.1
2716.5
2692.8
3111.6
CH3OH
C2H5OH
CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3CHOHCH3
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
CH3(CH2)4CH2OH
CH2OHCH2OH
CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
(CH3)3COH
CH2(CH2)4CHOH
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
s
32.0
46.1
60.1
60.1
74.1
88.2
102.2
62.1
92.1
74.1
100.2
0.793
0.789
0.804
0.787
0.810
0.815
0.820
1.114
1.260
0.789
0.962
179.2
155.8
146.6
183.6
183.6
194.1
226.4
261.6
293.1
298.6
298.2
338.1
351.6
370.5
355.5
390.3
411.1
431.1
471.1
563.1
355.4
434.2
726.0
1367.3
2021.0
2005.8
2675.6
3328.7
3983.8
1179.5
1655.2
2643.8
3727.0
239.1
277.1
302.7
317.9
327.4
353.6
377.8
454.8
668.5
359.2
348.8
239.7
160.7
196.6
180.5
228.0
259.0
289.5
166.9
1.70
1.69
1.66
1.68
1.66
1.60
2.00
HCHO
CH3CHO
CH3CH2CHO
CH3CH2CH2CHO
C6H5CHO
g
g
l
l
l
30.0
44.1
58.1
72.1
106.1
0.815
0.778
0.797
0.801
1.050
181.1
152.1
192.1
174.1
247.1
252.1
293.9
321.9
348.8
451.1
570.6
1167.1
1820.8
2476.0
3525.1
108.7
191.5
217.1
241.2
86.8
218.7
160.2
2.27
2.49
2.54
2.57
2.96
CH3COCH3
58.1 0.789
177.8
329.3
1816.5
248.0
2.95
/g cm
H
/kJ
mol 1
15.5
124.1
135.1
129.6
187.9
143.8
191.1
163.4
107.4
+11.0
S
/J mol 1
K1
163.2
177.8
201.8
216.4
1.64
1.54
1.02
0
0
2.16
1.93
1.88
2.13
1.67
Compound
Formula
Butanone
Cyclohexanone
Carboxylic acids
Methanoic (formic)
Ethanoic (acetic)
Propanoic
Butanoic
Chloroethanoic
Dichloroethanoic
Trichloroethanoic
1-Aminoethanoic (Glycine)
2-Hydroxypropanoic (lactic)
Ethanedioic (oxalic)
Hexanedioic (adipic)
Benzenesulfonic
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic
Benzoic (benzenecarboxylic)
Carboxylic acid derivatives
Ethanoyl chloride
Ethanamide (acetamide)
Ethanoic anhydride
Esters
Ethyl ethanoate
Miscellaneous
Carbamide (urea)
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
Glucose
Sucrose
sub
Sublimes
liq
Liquid
St
M
/g mol
Tb
/K
H
/kJ
mol 1
275.7
270.7
S
/J mol 1
K1
p
/D
186.8
256.7
352.7
428.7
1.220
1.049
0.993
0.958
1.404
1.563
1.617
1.607
1.206
1.653
1.360
1.266
281.5
289.7
252.3
268.6
336.1
286.6
331.1
535dec
326.1
426.0
338.1
Sub
395.3
373.7
391.0
414.1
438.6
460.9
467.1
470.6
376.1
430sub
dec
7573sub
522.0
254.3
874.1
1527.2
2183.3
715.5
388.3
981.1
1343.9
243.3
2795.7
3189.3
3227.0
425.0
484.5
510.7
533.9
513.8
528.6
694.0
829.5
994.3
816.1
384.9
129.0
159.8
1.52
1.74
1.74
1.71
l
s
l
78.5 1.104
59.1 1.159
102.1 1.082
161.1
355.4
200.0
324.0
494.3
412.7
1184.6
1794.2
272.9
317.0
637.2
200.8
2.45
3.44
2.80
CH3CO2CH2CH3
88.1 0.900
189.6
350.2
2237.9
479.3
1.78
NH2CONH2
C6H5NO2
C6H5OH
C6H12O6
C12H22O11
s
l
s
s
s
408.1
278.8
316.1
423.1
458.0
dec
483.9
454.8
632.2
3087.9
3053.4
2802.5
5639.7
332.9
+12.4
165.0
1273.3
2226.1
104.6
4.56
4.22
1.45
CH3CH2COCH3
CH2(CH2)4CO
l
l
HCO2H
CH3CO2H
CH3CH2CO2H
CH3CH2CH2CO2H
ClCH2CO2H
Cl2CHCO2H
Cl3CCO2H
NH2CH2CO2H
CH3CHOHCO2H
CO2HCO2H
CO2H(CH2)4CO2H
C6H5SO3H
C6H4(CO2H)2
C6H5CO2H
l
l
l
l
s
l
s
s
l
s
s
s
s
s
46.0
60.1
74.1
88.1
94.5
128.9
163.4
75.1
90.1
90.0
146.1
158.2
166.1
122.1
CH3COCl
CH3CONH2
(CH3CO)2O
dec
/g cm
72.1 0.805
98.1 0.948
60.1
123.1
94.1
180.2
342.3
1.320
1.203
1.076
1.562
1.580
Decomposes
Tm
/K
H
/kJ
mol 1
2441.5
3519.3
23
Selected Inorganic Compounds: Physical and

Thermochemical Data
St
Tm
Tb
H
S
sub
dhd
State: s solid, l liquid, g gas

M
Molar mass
Density at 298 K or density of liquid at just below Tb for gases, unless otherwise indicated
Melting temperature
Boiling temperature (both at 1 atm unless otherwise stated)
Standard molar enthalpy change of formation at 298 K
Standard molar entropy at 298 K (the values of standard entropy of diatomic gaseous
elements is for mol of the element)
Sublime
dec
Decomposes
Dehydrated
Compound
Aluminium
AlCl3
AlBr3
Al2O3
Al(OH)3
Al(NO3)3.6H2O
Al2(SO4)3
Barium
BaCl2
BaO
BaO2
Ba(OH)2
BaCO3
Ba(NO3)2
BaSO4
Bismuth
BiCl3
BiOCl
Boron
B2H6
BF3
BCl3
B2O3
BN
Caesium
CsF
CsCl
CsBr
CsI
Calcium
CaH2
CaF2
CaCl2
CaCl2.6H2O
CaBr2
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaC2
24
St
M
/g mol
/g cm
Tm
/K
s
s
s
s
s
s
133.3
266.7
102.0
78.0
321.1
342.1
2.44
3.97
2.42
2.71
463
371
2345
573
1043
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
208.2
153.3
169.3
171.3
197.3
261.3
233.4
3.91
5.72
4.96
4.50
4.43
3.24
4.50
1236
2191
723
681
1123
865
1853
s
s
315.3 4.75
260.4 7.72
505
g
g
g
s
s
27.7
67.8
117.2
69.6
24.8
2.46
2.25
108
129
166
723
3300
s
s
s
s
151.9
168.4
212.8
259.8
4.11
3.99
4.44
4.51
955
918
909
899
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
42.1
78.1
111.0
219.1
199.9
56.1
74.1
64.1
1.90
3.18
2.15
1.71
3.35
3.35
2.24
2.22
1089
1696
1055
303
1003
2887
853
720
0.45
2.99
Tb
/K
2.5 atm
dhd
dec
sub
dhd
sub
S
/J mol
704.2
527.2
1675.7
1287.4
2850.5
3440.8
110.7
163.2
50.9
85.4
467.8
239.3
858.6
553.5
634.3
944.7
1216.3
992.1
1473.2
123.7
70.4
65.7
99.7
112.1
213.8
132.2
720
379.1
366.9
177.0
120.5
181
173
286
2133
35.6
1137.0
403.7
1272.8
254.4
232.0
254.0
290.0
54.0
14.8
1524
1563
1573
1553
553.5
443.0
405.8
346.6
92.8
101.2
113.1
123.1
186.2
1219.6
795.8
2607.9
682.8
635.1
986.1
59.8
42.0
68.9
104.6
284.9
130.0
39.7
83.4
69.9
1833
2273
1073
dec
dec
dec
in H
451
536
3253
H
/kJ mol
873
2773
1873
1083
3123
dec
2573
dec
dec
Compound
CaCO3 (calcite)
Ca(NO3)2
CaSO4
CaSO4.H2O
CaSO4.2H2O
Ca3(PO4)2
Carbon
HCN
C2N2
CS2
Chlorine
Cl2O
ClO2
Chromium
CrCl3
CrO2Cl2
Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3.18H2O
Cobalt
CoCl2
CoCl2.6H2O
CoO
Co(OH)2
CoSO4
CoSO4.7H2O
Copper
CuCl
CuCl2
CuI
Cu2O
CuO
Cu(OH)2
Cu(NO3)2.6H2O
Cu2S
CuS
CuSO4
CuSO4.5H2O
Fluorine
F2O
Hydrogen
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
HIO3
H2O
H2O
H2O2
HNO3
H2S
H2SO4
St
s
s
s
s
s
s
M
/g mol 1
100.1
164.1
136.1
145.1
172.2
310.2
/g cm
2.71
2.50
2.96
2.32
3.14
Tm
/K
1612
834
1723
436
401
1943
1025atm
dhd
dhd 1.5
Tb
/K
1172
436
dec
dhd
l
g
l
27.0 0.70
52.0
76.1 1.26
259
245
162
299
252
319
g
g
86.9 3.89273K
67.4 3.01214K
253
214
277
283
exp
1573
390
4273
sub
s
l
s
s
158.3
154.9
152.0
716.4
2.76
1.91
5.21
1.70
1423
177
2538
373
s
s
s
s
s
s
129.8
237.9
74.9
92.9
155.0
281.1
3.36
1.92
6.45
3.60
3.71
1.95
997
359
2078
dec
1008
370
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
99.0
134.4
190.4
143.1
79.5
97.6
295.6
159.1
95.6
159.6
249.7
4.14
3.39
5.62
6.0
6.40
3.37
2.07
5.6
4.6
3.60
2.28
703
893
878
1508
1599
dec
299.4
1373
376
473
383
54.0 1.9040 k
g
g
g
g
g
s
l
g
l
l
g
l
20.0
36.5
80.9
127.9
175.9
18.0
18.0
34.0
63.0
34.1
98.1
0.99
1.64159K
2.77206K
2.85268K
4.63
1.00
1.44
1.50
1.54188K
1.84
dhd 12
in HCl
dec
dhd 3
dhd 4
1322
383
693
1763
1266
1563
2073
493
923
423
dhd
dhd
dec
dec
dec
dec
dhd
S
/J mol
K1
92.9
193.3
106.7
130.5
194.1
236.0
108.9
307.9
89.7
112.8
242.1
151.3
80.3
102.5
266.1
256.7
556.5
579.5
1139.7
8339.5
115.3
221.8
81.2
312.5
2115.4
237.9
539.7
888.3
2979.9
109.2
343.0
53.0
79.0
118.0
406.1
137.2
220.1
67.7
168.6
157.3
449.8
2110.8
79.0
53.1
771.4
2279.6
86.2
108.1
96.7
93.1
42.6
75.0
120.9
66.5
109.0
300.4
49
128
21.7
247.3
190
158
185
222
383
273
273
273
231
188
283
293
188
206
238
373
373
323
356
212
611
271.1
92.3
36.4
26.5
230.1
285.8
241.8
187.8
174.1
20.6
814.0
173.7
186.8
198.6
206.5
118.0
69.9
188.7
109.6
266.3
205.7
156.9
dec
exp
H
/kJ mol 1
1206.9
938.4
1434.1
1576.7
2022.6
4120.8
25
Compound
H3PO4
H3BO3
Iodine
ICl
ICl3
I2O5
Iron
FeCl2
FeCl3
FeCl3.6H2O
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
FeCO3
FeS
FeSO4.7H2O
Fe2(SO4)3
Lead
PbCl2
PbCl4
PbI2
PbO
Pb3O4
PbO2
PbCO3
Pb(NO3)2
PbS
PbSO4
PbCrO4
Pb(CH3CO2)2.3H2O
Pb(C2H5)4
Lithium
LiH
LiF
LiCl
LiBr
LiI
Li2O
LiOH
Li2CO3
LiNO3
Li2SO4
LiAlH4
Magnesium
MgCl2
MgCl2.6H2O
MgO
MgCO3
Mg3N2
26
St
s
s
M
/g mol 1 /g cm
98.0 1.83
61.8 1.44
Tm
/K
316
442
s
s
s
162.3 3.18
233.3 3.12
333.8 4.80
300
374
573
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
126.7
162.2
270.3
71.8
159.7
231.5
89.9
106.8
115.8
87.9
278.0
399.9
3.16
2.90
5.7
5.24
5.18
3.4
3.8
4.74
1.90
3.10
945
579
310
1642
1838
1867
dec
dec
1468
337
753
s
l
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
l
278.1
349.0
461.0
223.2
685.6
239.2
267.2
331.2
239.2
303.2
323.2
379.3
323.4
5.85
3.18
6.16
9.53
9.1
9.37
6.6
4.53
7.5
6.2
6.12
2.55
1.66
774
258
675
1159
773
563
588
743
1387
1443
1117
348
137
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
7.9
25.9
42.4
86.8
133.8
29.9
23.9
73.9
68.9
109.9
37.9
0.82
2.64
2.07
3.46
4.08
2.01
1.46
2.11
2.38
2.22
0.92
953
1118
878
823
722
>1973
723
996
537
398
s
s
s
s
s
95.2
203.3
40.3
84.3
100.9
2.32
1.57
3.58
2.96
2.71
987
390
3125
623
1073
Tb
/K
486 dhd
573dhd1
16 atm
dec
dec
dec
dec
dec
dec
dhd 1
dec
dec
dec
dec
371
350
dec
sub
588 dec
553-558
dec
363 dhd 6
1223
378
1127
1745
1553
dec
473
473
1949
1613
1538
1444
1197
1583
873
1118
1685
3873
1173
973
dec
dec
dec
dec
dec
CO
dec
H
/kJ mol 1
1279.0
1094.3
S
/J mol
K1
110.5
88.8
35.1
89.5
158.1
167.4
341.8
399.5
2223.8
271.9
824.2
1118.4
569.0
823.0
740.6
100.0
3014.6
2581.5
117.9
142.3
58.5
87.4
146.4
88.0
106.7
92.9
60.3
409.2
261.7
359.4
329.2
175.5
217.3
718.4
277.4
700.0
451.9
100.4
919.9
899.6
1851.5
52.7
136.0
174.8
68.7
211.3
68.6
131.0
213.0
91.2
148.6
152.7
472.5
90.5
616.0
408.6
351.2
270.4
597.9
484.9
1215.9
483.1
1436.5
116.3
20.0
35.6
59.3
74.3
86.8
37.6
42.8
90.4
90.0
115.1
78.7
641.3
2499.0
601.7
1095.8
460.7
89.6
366.1
26.9
65.7
90.0
Compound
Mg(NO3)2.6H2O
MgSO4
MgSO4.7H2O
Mg2Si
Manganese
MnO2
MnSO4
Mercury
Hg2Cl2
HgCl2
HgS red
Nickel
NiCl2
NiSO4
NiSO4.7H2O
Ni(CO)4
Nitrogen
N2H4
N2O
NO
N2O3
NO2
N2O4
N2O5
Ammonia
NH3
NH4Cl
NH4Br
NH4I
NH4NO3
(NH4)2SO4
Oxygen
O3
Phosphorus
PH3
PCl3
PCl5
POCl3
P4O6
P4O10
Potassium
KF
KCl
KClO3
KClO4
KBr
KI
KIO3
KIO4
K2O
KO2
St
s
s
s
s
M
/g mol 1
256.4
120.4
246.5
76.7
/g cm
1.64
2.66
1.68
1.94
Tm
/K
362
1397
423
1375
dec
dhd 6
s
s
86.9 5.03
151.0 3.25
808
973
dec
s
s
s
472.1 7.15
271.5 5.44
232.6 8.10
673
549
857
sub
s
s
s
l
129.6
154.8
280.9
170.7
3.55
3.68
1.95
1.32
l
g
g
g
g
g
s
32.0
44.0
30.0
76.0
46.0
92.0
108.0
1.01
1.98182 K
1.27123 K
1.45171 K
1.49262 K
1.45262 K
1.64
275
182
110
171
262
262
303
g
s
s
s
s
s
17.0
53.5
97.9
144.9
80.0
132.1
0.77195K
1.53
2.43
2.51
1.72
1.77
195
613
725
824
443
508
48.0 2.1481K
1274
1121
372
248
sub
dec
Tb
/K
603
473
1123
sub
sub
dec
dec
1246
376
316
240
793
508
493
483
786
sub
dhd 6
dec
dec
>1 atm
vac
vac
>1 atm
S
/J mol
K1
452.0
91.6
372.0
75.0
520.0
1065.2
53.1
112.1
265.2
224.3
58.2
192.5
146.0
82.4
305.3
872.9
2976.3
633.0
97.7
92.0
378.9
313.4
50.6
82.0
90.2
83.7
33.2
9.2
41.3
121.2
219.7
210.7
312.2
240.0
304.2
178.2
46.1
314.4
270.8
201.4
365.6
1180.9
192.3
94.6
113.0
117.0
151.1
220.1
81
161
142.7
238.8
185
349
440
378
448
573
5.4
319.7
443.5
597.1
1640.1
2984.0
210.1
217.1
166.5
222.5
228.9
567.3
436.7
397.7
432.8
393.8
327.9
501.4
467.2
361.4
284.9
66.6
82.6
143.1
151.0
95.9
106.3
151.5
176.0
116.7
g
l
s
l
s
s
34.0
137.3
208.2
153.3
219.9
283.9
1.57
2.12
1.67
2.13
2.39
140
161
435
275
297
853
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
58.1
74.6
122.5
138.5
119.0
166.0
214.0
230.0
94.2
71.1
2.48
1.98
2.32
2.52
2.75
3.13
3.93
3.62
2.32
2.14
1131
1043
629
883
1007
954
833
855
623
653
sub
>1 atm
sub
1778
1773
673
673
1708
1603
373
573
dec
dhd
575
387
185
121
277
294
294
320
sub
dec
H
/kJ mol 1
2613.3
1284.9
3388.7
77.8
dec
sub
sub
dec
dec
dec
dec
27
Compound
KOH
K2CO3
KHCO3
KNO2
KNO3
KCN
KCNS
K2SO4
KMnO4
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
K3Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)6
Rubidium
RbCl
Silicon
SiH4
SiCl4
SiO2 (quartz)
Sodium
NaH
NaF
NaCl
NaClO3
NaClO4
NaBr
NaI
Na2O
Na2O2
NaOH
Na2CO3
Na2CO3.10H2O
NaHCO3
NaNO2
NaNO3
Na2S
Na2SO4
Na2SO4.10H2O
NaHSO4
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3.5H2O
Na3PO4
Na2SiO3
(water glass)
28
St
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
M
/g mol 1
56.1
138.2
100.1
85.1
101.1
65.1
97.2
174.3
158.0
194.2
294.2
474.4
329.3
368.3
/g cm
2.04
2.43
2.17
1.92
2.11
1.52
1.89
2.66
2.70
2.73
2.68
1.76
1.85
120.9 2.80
g
l
s
32.1 0.68188 K
169.9 1.48
60.1 2.65
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
24.0
42.0
58.4
106.4
122.4
102.9
149.9
62.0
78.0
40.0
106.0
286.1
84.0
69.0
85.0
78.0
142.0
322.2
120.1
158.1
248.2
164.1
122.1
0.92
2.56
2.17
2.49
3.20
3.67
2.27
2.81
2.13
2.53
1.44
2.16
2.17
2.26
1.86
1.46
2.43
1.67
1.73
2.4
Tm
/K
633
1164
373
713
607
908
446
1342
<513
1241
671
366
dec
dec
dec
dec
Tb
/K
1593
dec
dec
673
773
1962
773
473
dec
dec
dec
dhd
H
/kJ mol 1
424.8
1151.0
963.2
369.8
494.6
113.0
200.2
1437.8
837.2
1403.7
2061.4
6061.8
249.8
594.1
S
/J mol
K1
78.9
155.5
115.5
152.1
133.1
128.5
124.3
175.6
171.7
200.1
291.2
687.4
426.1
418.8
991
1663
435.3
95.9
88
203
1883
161
331
2503
34.3
687.0
910.9
204.5
239.7
41.8
1968
1686
dec
dec
1663
1577
930
1663
dec
306
593
653
373
dec
373
56.3
573.6
411.2
365.8
383.3
361.1
287.8
414.2
510.9
425.6
1130.7
4081.3
950.8
358.7
467.9
364.8
1387.1
4327.3
1125.5
1123.0
2607.9
1917.4
1554.9
40.0
51.5
72.1
123.4
142.3
86.8
98.5
75.1
95.0
64.5
135.0
564.0
101.7
103.8
116.5
83.7
149.6
592.0
113.0
155.0
372.4
173.8
113.8
1073
1266
1074
521-534
755
1020
934
1548
733
592
1124
306-8
543
544
580
1453
1157
306
588
313-318
1361
dec
dec
sub
dec
dec
dec
dhd
dec
dec
dhd
dhd
Compound
Sulphur
SF4
SF6
SCl2
SOCl2
SO2Cl2
SO2
SO3
Tin
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnO2 (cassiterite)
Titanium
TiO2
Xenon
XeF2
XeF4
XeF6
XeO3
Uranium
UF6
UO2(NO3)2
Vanadium
VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VO2
V2O5
Zinc
ZnCl2
ZnO
ZnCO3
Zn(NO3)2
ZnS (blende)
ZnSO4
St
M
/g mol
/g cm
1.88223 K
1.62
1.66
1.67
1.43200 K
1.97
Tm
/K
g
g
g
l
l
g
l
108.1
146.1
103.0
119.0
135.0
64.1
80.1
s
l
s
189.6 3.95
260.5 2.23
150.7 6.95
519
240
1903
925
387
2123
79.9 3.84
2103
4.3
4.1
4.6
149
223
195
168
219
200
290
Tb
/K
S
/J mol
774.9
12.9.0
19.7
245.6
394.1
296.8
441.0
291.9
291.7
282.2
307.9
216.7
248.1
95.6
325.1
511.3
580.7
258.6
52.3
939.7
49.9
413
387
319
dec
133.9
261.5
380.7
401.7
133.9
146.4
338
329
2112.9
1377.4
379.7
276.1
452.0
580.7
569.4
1550.6
97.1
131.0
255.2
131.0
415.1
348.3
812.8
483.7
206.0
982.8
111.5
43.6
82.4
65.3
119.7
233
209
332
352
342
263
318
H
/kJ mol
s
s
s
s
169.3
207.2
245.3
179.3
g
s
352.0 4.68
394.0
s
s
l
s
s
121.8
157.3
192.8
82.9
181.9
3.23
3.00
1.82
4.34
3.36
dec
245
2240
963
422
2023
s
s
s
s
s
s
136.3
319.2
125.4
189.4
97.4
161.4
2.91
4.74
4.40
4.10
3.54
556
719
573
1293
873
1005
897
dec
dec
sub
dec
sub
dec
1936sb301008S:\LT\PD\Support\GCE Chemistry Data booklet Issue 3.doc.1-35/0
29
The Periodic Table of the Elements
30
November 2008
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GCE

Edexcel Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Chemistry (8CH01)

Data from Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman 1984

References to third-party material made in this specification are made in good

Authorised by Roger Beard

Selected Elements: Physical and Thermochemical Data

Correlation of infrared absorption wavenumbers with molecular structure

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Atomic Radii and Pauling Electronegativities

Bond Lengths and Bond Energies

Standard Electrode Potentials

Standard Reduction Potentials

Equilibrium Constants for Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution

Organic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical Data

Selected Inorganic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Selected Elements: Physical and Thermochemical Data

Number of atoms per molecule (atomicity) at Tb

Carbon-halogen stretching vibrations

C=C stretching vibrations

C=O stretching vibrations

Triple bond stretching vibrations

Infrared correlation table

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Chemical shifts for

/ppm for TMS

in this format Edexcel Limited 2008

in this format Edexcel Limited 2008

Atomic Radii and Pauling Electronegativities

Van der Waals radius

* Some chemists define electron affinity for the reverse process.

Bond Lengths and Bond Energies

References: Sutton, Johnson, Cottrell.

Standard Electrode Potentials

Right-hand electrode system

[2SO (aq) + 3H2O(l)], [S2O (aq) + 6OH (aq)]|Pt

PbSO4(s), [Pb(s) + SO -(aq)]|Pt

[CrO42-(aq) + 4H2O(l)], [Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH-(aq)]|Pt

Right-hand electrode system

[4H+(aq) + SO -(aq)], [H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)]|Pt

[S2O (aq) + 6H+(aq)], [2S(s) + 3H2O(l)]|Pt

[MnO -(aq) + 2H2O(l)], [MnO2(s) + 4OH-(aq)]|Pt

Fe(CN) -(aq), Fe(CN) -(aq)|Pt

[2NO(aq) + 4H+(aq)], [N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt

Right-hand electrode system

[PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq)], [Pb2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

[2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq)], [Cl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)]|Pt

[Cr2O -(aq) + 14H+(aq)], [2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)]|Pt

[MnO(aq) + 8H+(aq)], [Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

[H5IO6(aq) + H+(aq)], [IO(aq) + 3H2O(l)]|Pt

[2ClO(aq) + 8H+(aq)], [Cl2(g) + 4H2O(l)]|Pt

+1.70 (in M HClO4)

[O3(g) + 2H+(aq)], [O2(g) + H2O(l)]|Pt

References: Latimer, de Bethune, Parsons, US National Bureau of Standards.

Standard Reduction Potentials

Al3+(aq) + 3eBa2+(aq) + 2eBr2(l) + e

Cr2O (aq) + 14H (aq) + 6e

2Cr (aq) + 7H2O(l)

MnO2(s) + 4OH- (aq)

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2eO2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-

MnO -(aq) +2H2O(l) + 2e-

Equilibrium Constants for Acids and Bases in Aqueous

Dihydrogen phosphonate ion