Long-Term Interim Storage and Release of Radioactive Material

Long-term Interim Storage and Release of Radioactive Material
Dr. W. Birkholz, Ministry of Interior of the MecklenburgWestern Pomerania Dr. H. Behrndt, TV NORD SysTec GmbH & Co. KG E. Kaffka, Energiewerke Nord GmbH R. Meister, Ministry of Interior of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Innenministerium Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Content
1. Introduction 2. Licensing procedure and release measurements 3. The release procedure and campaigns 4. Mass flows of material from the Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPP and third parties during release in Greifswald 5. Consequences of new release limit values: international and Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV) 6. Summary and conclusions
1. Introduction
The disposal of material resulting from the dismantling of a nuclear facility is an important logistic task which is time-determining for the dismantling procedure.
1. Introduction
The Greifswald NPP in 1995
1. Introduction
Expected mass of radioactive material during the dismantling of the Greifswald NPP (scheduled in 1995)
waste 100.000 Mg
residues to be released 500.000 Mg
without any restriction 1.200.000 Mg
2. Licensing procedure and release measurements
Reunification of Germany - shut down of the 5 units of the Greifswald NPP in 1990
Unification treaty operating licenses for nuclear power plants of the former GDR were only valid until 30 June 1995 Decommissioning license - issued by the Ministry of the Interior of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania on 30 June 1995 Decommissioning license - defined the regular bases for disposal and free release measurement

Decommissioning and dismantling strategy (1995)
Main features of the primary dismantling concept: dismantling and on-site cutting of components just as far as necessary to remove them from the facility, remote cutting of reactor pressure vessels (units 1 to 4, Rheinsberg NPP) and internals establishment of separate storage, cutting, and free release measurement facilities, classification of plant parts according to activity level and determination of few covering nuclide vectors decay storage (approx. 15 years) of plant parts and components for a simplification (under radiological aspects) of later cutting
Remote cutting of reactor internals
Interim storage of dewatered waste baskets

Changing of the decommissioning and dismantling strategy (license of August 2007)
The modified concept: Remote cutting of reactors from units 1 to 4 and of reactor internals from units 3 and 4 is not scheduled anymore.
Long-term decay storage of 50 to 100 years will follow.

Decay storage of large components for cutting under radiologically more favourable conditions (target value Co-60 activity < 30 Bq/g) Original data state 2004 - Co-60 4,6E+14 Bq Decay period for target value - spec. Co-60 109,1 a - spec. Co-60 55,9 a -spec. Co-60 106,4a
Bottom plate of core basket of unit 1 Reactor pressure vessel of unit 1 Bottom plate protecting tube system of unit 1
- Co-60 1,5E+12 Bq
- Co-60 3,4E+14 Bq
10

Removing a reactor pressure vessel
Folie: 11
11

Removing a steam generator
12

Transport of a reactor pressure vessel into the Interim Storage North
13

Interim Storage North - Storage of large components
14
3. The release procedure and campaigns

Free release limit values and release procedures were regulated by the decommissioning license from 1995. Reasons to use the free release limit values and release procedures of 29 of the Radiation Protection Ordinance: a modified dismantling strategy opening of a final storage not till 2013 the license to treat and free release residues from other nuclear facilities
EWN replaced the free release limit values from 1995 by the regulations of 29 of the Radiation Protection Ordinance.
15

Radiological categorization Classification according to technological aspects and operation history Category 1 Release without any restrictions no contamination - due to operation history contamination is not possible random check measurements - supervised by an expert from supervisory authority Category 2 - Suspected material contamination possible - due to technological procedures and in comparison with similar facility areas contamination is suspected Category 3 - Contaminated contact with radioactive material
16

Release procedure A release measurement campaign comprises a certain dismantling project Application for a release measurement campaign includes total mass, number of charges origin of the material radiological category, nuclide vector results of the preliminary inspections method for measuring A release measurement campaign is separated in charges. For every kind of material exists a separate charge.
17

Kinds of material for release
CST AUS NEM ELT ELM KAB BET SON ISW Carbon steel Austenite Non-ferrous metal Electrical parts Electric motors Cable, with and without insulation Concrete / concrete rubble, concrete parts and building structures Other (e.g. industrial safety means, waste that cannot be sorted, sweepings, rubble remains, glass and ceramics, detergents) Insulation wool
18

Release procedure A release measurement campaign comprises a certain dismantling project Application for a release measurement campaign includes total mass, number of charges origin of the material radiological category, nuclide vector results of the preliminary inspections method for measuring A release measurement campaign is separated in charges. For every kind of material exists a separate charge. Based on the inspection report of its expert the supervisory authority releases free measured charge parts.
19

Disposal paths
A B C Unrestricted release (according to 29 clause 2.1) Restricted Release (according to 29 clause 2.2) Release under special conditions licenced by authority (according to 29 clause 4) Decay storage
Folie: 20
20

Hall with release measurements facilities
21
4. Mass flows of material

Residues released and disposed of (1995 2009)
KGR Dumpsite Scrap dealer Reuse of concrete Combustion Other use Buildings for reuse Total: 25 582 Mg 32 198 Mg 109 442 Mg 508 Mg 3 805 Mg 5 684 Mg 177 219 Mg 876 Mg 192 Mg 3 Mg 1 Mg KKR 280 Mg 596 Mg Third parties 7 Mg 181 Mg
22

Decay storage
Objectives to be achieved by decay storage: 1. Free release of a bigger amount of material 2. Cutting of components under radiologically more favourable conditions 3. To decrease the expenses for final storage
Consequences: Recirculation of resources into the cycle of material after release measurement Minimization of radioactive waste Avoiding remote dismantling Minimization of costs for final storage (containers, transport, volume)
23

Sorting of conditioned waste for the final storage ERAM
Conditioned waste
(690 Mg)
Radioactive waste
(270 Mg)
Decay storage
(150 Mg)
Free release measurement

(270 Mg)
24

Expected mass of radioactive material during the dismantling of the Greifswald NPP (planned in 2008)
residues to be released 549.000 Mg waste 16.000 Mg
without any restriction 1.235.000 Mg
Folie: 25
25
5. Consequences of new release limit values

Time course example of one nuclide vector
80
Ni-63
70
Percentage of the nuclides
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period
Cs-137 Co-60 Fe-55
26
5. Consequences of new release limit values

Comparison of current exemption quantities and release limit values with the scheduled IAEA values, data in Bq/g Co-60 Exemption quantities Release for melting Unrestricted release IAEA: RS-G1.7 10 Fe-55 10.000 Ni-63 100.000 Cs-137 10 Am-241 1
0,6
10.000
10.000
0,6
0,3
0,1
200
300
0,5
0,05
0,1
1000
100
0,1
0,1
27
6. Summary and conclusions

Removed material Category 1 Category 2, 3 86.000 Mg 180.000 Mg
five covering nuclide vectors for release measurements separation of dismantling and conditioning/release in different facilities building of an interim storage
28
6. Summary and conclusions

Strategy of long-term decay storage of large components leads to - reduction of the dismantling time - reduction of the personnel's exposure to radiation - a considerable decrease of the volume of the radioactive waste supposed to be stored in a final storage (100.000 Mg planed in 1995 20.000 Mg planed in2008) to significant cost savings
Prerequisite for this saving - a final storage that will be open long enough - the adherence to the current release limit values
29
Greifswald NPP in 2009
30
Thank you for your attention!
31

Long-Term Interim Storage and Release of Radioactive Material - Dr. H. Behrndt

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residues to be released 500.000 Mg

without any restriction 1.200.000 Mg

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

Remote cutting of reactor internals

Interim storage of dewatered waste baskets

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

Long-term decay storage of 50 to 100 years will follow.

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

2. Licensing procedure and release measurements

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

3. The release procedure and campaigns

4. Mass flows of material

4. Mass flows of material

4. Mass flows of material

Free release measurement

4. Mass flows of material

without any restriction 1.235.000 Mg

5. Consequences of new release limit values

Percentage of the nuclides

Cs-137 Co-60 Fe-55

5. Consequences of new release limit values

6. Summary and conclusions

6. Summary and conclusions

Greifswald NPP in 2009

Thank you for your attention!

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