Chapter 1 Exercises 1.

In the manufacture of a certain type of automobile, four kinds of major defects and seven kinds of minor defects can occur. For those situations in which defects do occur, in how many ways can there be twice as many minor defects as there are major ones? a. 4 choose 1 x 7 choose 2 = 84 4 choose 2 x 7 choose 4 = 210 4 choose 3 x 7 choose 6 = 28 84 + 210 + 28 = 322 2. A machine has nine different dials, each with five settings labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. a. In how many ways can all the dials on the machine beset? i. 5^9 = 1953125 b. If the nine dials are arranged in a line at the top of the machine, how many of the machine settings have no two adjacent dials with the same setting? i. 5 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x4 x 4 = 327,680 3. There are 12 men at a dance. a. In how many ways can eight of them be selected to form a cleanup crew? i. C(12, 8)= 495 b. How many ways are there to pair off eight women at the dance with eight of these 12 men? i. P(12, 8) = 19958400 4. Dustin has a set of 180 distinct blocks. Each of these blocks is made of either wood or plastic and comes in one of three sizes(small, medium, large), five colors (red, white, blue, yellow, green), and six shapes (triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular). a. How many of the blocks in this set differ from the small red wooden square block in exactly one way? (For example, the small red plastic square block is one such block.) i. 4!/2! = 12 ways 1. (Medium, red, plastic, square) 2. (Large, red, plastic, square) 3. (Small, white, plastic, square) 4. (Small, blue, plastic, square) 5. (Small, yellow, plastic, square) 6. (Small, green, plastic, square) 7. (Small, red, wood, square) 8. (Small, red, plastic, triangular) 9. (Small, red, plastic, rectangular) 10. (Small, red, plastic hexagonal) 11. (Small, red, plastic, octagonal) 12. (Small, red, plastic, circular) b. The large blue plastic hexagonal block in exactly two ways? (For example, the small red plastic hexagonal block is one such block.) i. 4! X 2! = 48 ways

5. How many of the 9000 four-digit integers 1000, 1001, 1002, . . . , 9998, 9999 have four distinct digits that are either increasing (as in 1347 and 6789) or decreasing (as in 6421 and 8653)? a. (2 x 9C4) + (9C3) = 336 How many of the 9000 four-digit integers 1000, 1001, 1002, . . . , 9998, 9999 have four digits that are either non-decreasing (as in 1347, 1226, and 7778) or non-increasing (as in 6421, 6622, and 9888)? b. (2 x 12C4 - 9) + (12C3 -1) = 1200 Chapter 2 Exercises 6. Determine whether each of the following sentences is a statement. a. In 2003 George W. Bush was the president of the United States. (Statement) b. x + 3 is a positive integer. c. Fifteen is an even number. (Statement) d. If Jennifer is late for the party, then her cousin Zachary will be quite angry. (Statement) e. What time is it? f. As of June 30, 2003, Christine Marie Evert had won the French Open a record seven times. (Statement) 7. Identify the primitive statements in Exercise 1. g. In 2003 George W. Bush was the president of the United States. (Primitive Statement) h. x + 3 is a positive integer. i. Fifteen is an even number. (Primitive Statement) j. If Jennifer is late for the party, then her cousin Zachary will be quite angry. (Primitive Statement) k. What time is it? l. As of June 30, 2003, Christine Marie Evert had won the French Open a record seven times. (Primitive Statement) 8. 17) For any statements p, q, prove that a. (p q)(p q) p q (p q) (p q) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

b. (p q)(p q) p q 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

(p q) 0 0 0 1

(p q) 0 0 0 1

9. Let p(x), q(x) denote the following open statements. p(x): x 3 q(x): x + 1 is odd. If the universe consists of all integers, what are the truth values of the following statements? a. q(1) i. q(1): 1 + 1 = 2; False b. p(3) i. p(3): 3 + 1 = 4; False c. p(7) q(7) i. p(7): 7 3 q(7): 7 + 1 = 8 ; False d. p(3) q(4) i. p(3) 3 q(4) : 4 + 1 = 5; True e. (p(4) q(3)) i. False f. p(4)q(3) i. False 10. Which of the following sets are equal? All the sets are equal a. {1, 2, 3} b. {3, 2, 1, 3} c. {3, 1, 2, 3} d. {1, 2, 2, 3} 11. Let A _ {1, {1}, {2}}. Which of the following statements are true? a. 1 A; True b. {1} A; True c. {1} A; True d. {{1}} A; True e. {2} A; True f. {2} A ; False g. {{2}} A; True h. {{2}} A; True 12. Determine the sets A, B where A B = {1, 3, 7, 11}, B A = {2, 6, 8}, and A B = {4, 9}. Determine the sets C, D where C D = {1, 2, 4}, D C = {7, 8}, and C D = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9}. a. A = { 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11} b. B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9} c. C = {1, 2, 4, 5, 9} d. D = {5, 7, 8, 9} 13. A manufacturer of 2000 automobile batteries is concerned about defective terminals and defective plates. If 1920 of her batteries have neither defect, 60 have defective plates, and 20 have both defects, how many batteries have defective terminals? a. 20 batteries have defective terminals.