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int= ehost&lang=en&feature_id=access&TOC_ID=Always&SI=0&BU=0&GU=1&PS=0&ver=&dbs=bth') > Back <javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$MainContentArea$deliveryPrintSaveControl$backBut ton$lnkBack','')> 1 article(s) will be saved. The link information below provides a persistent link to the article you've requested. Persistent link to this record: Following the link below will bring you to the start of the article or citation. Cut and Paste: To place article links in an external web document, simply copy and paste the HTML below, starting with "<a href" To continue, in Internet Explorer, select *FILE* then *SAVE AS* from your browser's toolbar above. Be sure to save as a plain text file (.txt) or a 'Web Page, HTML only' file (.html). In FireFox, select *FILE* then *SAVE FILE AS* from your browser's toolbar above. In Chrome, select right click (with your mouse) on this page and select *SAVE AS* *Record: 1* *Title:* Barriers to 'US style' lean retailing: the case of Wal-Mart's failure in Germany. *Authors:* Christopherson, Susan^1 smc23@cornell.edu *Source:* Journal of Economic Geography; Jul2007, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p451-469, 19p *Document Type:* Article *Subject Terms:* *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises *INTERNATIONAL competition *CONGLOMERATE corporations *SALE of business enterprises *BUSINESS intelligence *MARKETING strategy *COMPETITIVE advantage *Geographic Terms:* GERMANY *Author-Supplied Keywords:* corporate governance Germany globalization lean retailing Wal-Mart *Company/Entity:* WAL-Mart Stores Inc.*DUNS Number: : *051957769*Ticker: : *WMT *Abstract:* Wal-Mart's exit from the German market in 2006 after 10 years of attempting to achieve sustainable competitive advantage contributes an interesting case to the small but expanding literature on failure in international investment. The work on the disinvest

decision in all its forms has been critical to a re-conceptualization of the international investment process as dynamic rather than static, linear and inexorable. An important segment of the work on investment and disinvestment as dynamic processes focuses on the environment in which investment and disinvestment decisions evolve. While the environment of the host country market has begun to be examined, the market environment of the country in which the retail transnational corporation (TNC) originates also affects the international disinvestment process. To explore this home country effect , I examine the resources Wal-Mart brought into the German market and their ability to use those resources in the German context. Wal-Mart's resources were shaped by the market governance regime in which the firm evolved, and not insignificantly, over which it had and has influence. Within this theoretical frame, Wal-Mart's reliance on the resources of network dominance and autonomous action that made for its success in the USA contributed to unsuccessful strategies in the German retailing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Economic Geography is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) *Author Affiliations:* ^1 Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, U.S.A. *ISSN:* 14682702 *DOI:* 10.1093/jeg/Ibm010 *Accession Number:* 26086151 *Persistent link to this record (Permalink): * http://search.ebscohost.com.libproxy.sim.edu.sg/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bt h&AN=26086151&site=ehost-live *Cut and Paste:* <A href="http://search.ebscohost.com.libproxy.sim.edu.sg/login.aspx?direct=true &db=bth&AN=26086151&site=ehost-live">Barriers to 'US style' lean retailing: the case of Wal-Mart's failure in Germany.</A> *Database: * Business Source Complete Back <javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$MainContentArea$deliveryPrintSaveControl$backBut tonBottom$lnkBack','')>