PRESENTE PERFECTO EN INGLES

l presente perfecto equivale ms o menos al pretrito perfecto del espaol. Veremos las diferencias en la seccin sobre usos. En general, es una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado. Lo usamos para acciones en el pasado que tiene importancia en el presente. Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar "to have" en el presente y el participio pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado. Ver la leccin sobre el pasado simple para ms informacin sobre como formar el pasado.
Subject Auxiliary Short Form Past Participle

I, You, We, They He, She, It

have has

I've, you've, we've, they've he's, she's, it's

talked, learned, traveled... talked, learned, traveled...

Structure (Estructura) 1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + participio pasado... Ejemplos: I've talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.) She's gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.) We've been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.) They've learned English. (Han aprendido ingls.) 2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado... Ejemplos: I haven't talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.) She hasn't gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.) We haven't been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.) They haven't learned English. (No han aprendido ingls.) 3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) EstructuraVerbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado...? Ejemplos:

Have you talked to Peter? (Has hablado con Peter?) Has she gone to work? (Ha ido a su trabajo?) Have you been to London? (Has ido a Londres?) Have they learned English? (Han aprendido ingls?)

Uses (Usos) Se usa el presente perfecto para acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora. El tiempo especifico no es importante. Por lo tanto, no solemos usar expresiones del tiempo especificos ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year"...) con el presente perfecto. Se puede usar el presente perfecto con expresiones del tiempo no concretos ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet"...). Este concepto del tiempo no especifico es bastante difcil de comprender, por este motivo, a continuacin tienes los usos particulares del presente perfecto. 1. Se usa el presente perfecto para describir una experiencia.No lo usamos para acciones especificas. Ejemplos: I have never flown in a plane. (Nunca he volado en un avin.) He has worked in many different museums. (Ha trabajado en muchos museos
diferentes.)

We have been to Rio de Janiero. (Hemos ido a Rio de Janiero.) Se utiliza el presente perfecto para un cambio con el tiempo. Ejemplos: I have become more timid in my old age. (Me he vuelto ms tmido en mi vejez.) Their English has improved a lot this year. (Su ingls ha mejorado mucho este ao.) He has learned to be more patient. (Ha aprendido a ser ms paciente.) Se usa para las exitosos. Ejemplos: Our football team has won the championship three times. (Nuestro equipo de ftbol ha
ganado el campeonato tres veces.)

Dan has finished writing his first novel. (Dan ha terminado de escribir su primera novela.)

Scientists have succeeded in curing many illnesses. (Los cientficos han tenido xito en
la curacin de muchas enfermedades.)

2. Usamos el presente perfecto para acciones que todava no han pasado. El uso del presente perfecto en estos casos indica que an estamos esperando la accin, por eso, frecuentemente usamos los adverbios "yet" y "still". Ejemplos: The plane hasn't arrived yet. (El avin no ha llegado todava.) Our team still hasn't won a championship. (Nuestro equipo an no ha ganado un
campeonato.)

You haven't finished your homework yet? (No has acabado todava los deberes?) 3. Se utiliza el presente perfecto para hablar sobre acciones en diferentes momentos en el pasado.El uso del presente perfecto en estos casos se indica que ms acciones son posibles en el futuro. Ejemplos: We have spoken several times, but we still can't reach an agreement. (Hemos
hablado varias veces, pero todava no podemos llegar a un acuerdo.)

Our team has ed 4 games so far this year. (Nuestro equipo ya ha jugado 4 partidos este
ao.)

I love New York! I have been there 5 times already and I can't wait to go back. (Me encanta Nueva York! Ya he estado all 5 veces y no puedo esperar para regresar.) 4. En general, usamos el presente perfecto continuo para situaciones que han empezado en el pasado pero siguen en el presente. Pero como hemos visto, hay unos verbos que no podemos usar en los tiempos continuos. En estos casos, usamos el presente perfecto. 5. Ejemplos: How long has Michael been in Barcelona? (Cunto tiempo ha estado Michael en
Barcelona?)

I have loved you since the day I met you. (Te he querido desde el da que te conoc.)

Common Irregular Verb List

Base Form Abide Alight Arise Awake Be Bear Beat Become Begin Behold Bend Bet Bid Bid Bind Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Bust Buy Cast Catch Choose Clap Cling Clothe Come Cost Creep Cut Dare Deal Dig Dive Do Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell Eat Fall Feed Past Simple Abode/Abided Alit/Alighted Arose Awoke Was/Were Bore Beat Became Began Beheld Bent Bet Bade Bid Bound Bit Bled Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcast/Broadcasted Built Burnt/Burned Burst Bust Bought Cast Caught Chose Clapped/Clapt Clung Clad/Clothed Came Cost Crept Cut Dared/Durst Dealt Dug Dived/Dove Did Drew Dreamt/Dreamed Drank Drove Dwelt Ate Fell Fed Past Participle Abode/Abided/Abidden Alit/Alighted Arisen Awoken Been Born/Borne Beaten Become Begun Beheld Bent Bet Bidden Bid Bound Bitten Bled Blown Broken Bred Brought Broadcast/Broadcasted Built Burnt/Burned Burst Bust Bought Cast Caught Chosen Clapped/Clapt Clung Clad/Clothed Come Cost Crept Cut Dared Dealt Dug Dived Done Drawn Dreamt/Dreamed Drunk Driven Dwelt Eaten Fallen Fed 3rd Person Singular Abides Alights Arises Awakes Is Bears Beats Becomes Begins Beholds Bends Bets Bids Bids Binds Bites Bleeds Blows Breaks Breeds Brings Broadcasts Builds Burns Bursts Busts Buys Casts Catches Chooses Claps Clings Clothes Comes Costs Creeps Cuts Dares Deals Digs Dives Does Draws Dreams Drinks Drives Dwells Eats Falls Feeds Present Participle / Gerund Abiding Alighting Arising Awaking Being Bearing Beating Becoming Beginning Beholding Bending Betting Bidding Bidding Binding Biting Bleeding Blowing Breaking Breeding Bringing Broadcasting Building Burning Bursting Busting Buying Casting Catching Choosing Clapping Clinging Clothing Coming Costing Creeping Cutting Daring Dealing Digging Diving Doing Drawing Dreaming Drinking Driving Dwelling Eating Falling Feeding

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Feel Fight Find Fit Flee Fling Fly Forbid Forecast Foresee Foretell Forget Forgive Forsake Freeze Frostbite Get Give Go Grind Grow Handwrite Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Inlay Input Interlay Keep Kneel Knit Know Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Melt Mislead Mistake Misunderstand Miswed Mow Overdraw Overhear

Felt Fought Found Fit/Fitted Fled Flung Flew Forbade/Forbad Forecast/Forecasted Foresaw Foretold Forgot Forgave Forsook Froze Frostbit Got Gave Went Ground Grew Handwrote Hung/Hanged Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input/Inputted Interlaid Kept Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Knew Laid Led Leant/Leaned Leapt/Leaped Learnt/Learned Left Lent Let Lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Melted Misled Mistook Misunderstood Miswed/Miswedded Mowed Overdrew Overheard

Felt Fought Found Fit/Fitted Fled Flung Flown Forbidden Forecast/Forecasted Foreseen Foretold Forgotten Forgiven Forsaken Frozen Frostbitten Got/Gotten Given Gone/Been Ground Grown Handwritten Hung/Hanged Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input/Inputted Interlaid Kept Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Known Laid Led Leant/Leaned Leapt/Leaped Learnt/Learned Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Molten/Melted Misled Mistaken Misunderstood Miswed/Miswedded Mown Overdrawn Overheard

Feels Fights Finds Fits Flees Flings Flies Forbids Forecasts Foresees Foretells Forgets Forgives Forsakes Freezes Frostbites Gets Gives Goes Grinds Grows Handwrites Hangs Has Hears Hides Hits Holds Hurts Inlays Inputs Interlays Keeps Kneels Knits Knows Lays Leads Leans Leaps Learns Leaves Lends Lets Lies Lights Loses Makes Means Meets Melts Misleads Mistake Misunderstands Misweds Mows Overdraws Overhears

Feeling Fighting Finding Fitting Fleeing Flinging Flying Forbidding Forecasting Foreseeing Foretelling Foregetting Forgiving Forsaking Freezing Frostbiting Getting Giving Going Grinding Growing Handwriting Hanging Having Hearing Hiding Hitting Holding Hurting Inlaying Inputting Interlaying Keeping Kneeling Knitting Knowing laying Leading Leaning Leaping Learning Leaving Lending Letting Lying Lighting Losing Making Meaning Meeting Melting Misleading Mistaking Misunderstanding Miswedding Mowing Overdrawing Overhearing

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Overtake Pay Preset Prove Put Quit Re-prove Read Rid Ride Ring Rise Rive Run Saw Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shave Shear Shed Shine Shoe Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Sneak Soothsay Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Steal

Overtook Paid Preset Proved Put Quit Re-proved Read Rid/Ridded Rode Rang Rose Rived Ran Sawed Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shaved Shore/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slew Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sowed Spoke Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Span/Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Stole

Overtaken Paid Preset Proven/Proved Put Quit Re-proven/Re-proved Read Rid/Ridded Ridden Rung Risen Riven/Rived Run Sawn/Sawed Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn/Sewed Shaken Shaven/Shaved Shorn/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slain Slept Slid/Slidden Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sown Spoken Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprung Stood Stolen

Overtakes Pays Prests Proves Puts Quits Re-proves Reads Rids Rides Rings Rises Rives Runs Saws Says Sees Seeks Sells Sends Sets Sews Shakes Shaves Shears Sheds Shines Shoes Shoots Shows Shrinks Shuts Sings Sinks Sits Slays Sleeps Slides Slings Slinks Slits Smells Sneaks Soothsays Sows Speaks Speeds Spells Spends Spills Spins Spits Splits Spoils Spreads Springs Stands Steals

Overtaking Paying Presetting Proving Putting Quitting Re-proving Reading Ridding Riding Ringing Rising Riving Running Sawing Saying Seeing Seeking Selling Sending Setting Sewing Shaking Shaving Shearing Shedding Shining Shoeing Shooting Showing Shrinking Shutting Singing Sinking Sitting Slaying Sleeping Sliding Slinging Slinking Slitting Smelling Sneaking Soothsaying Sowing Speaking Speeding Spelling Spending Spilling Spinning Spitting Splitting Spoiling Spreading Springing Standing Stealing

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Stick Sting Stink Stride Strike String Strip Strive Sublet Sunburn Swear Sweat Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thrust Tread Undergo Understand Undertake Upset Vex Wake Wear Weave Wed Weep Wend Wet Win Wind Withdraw Withhold Withstand Wring Write Zinc

Stuck Stung Stank Strode/Strided Struck Strung Stript/Stripped Strove Sublet Sunburned/Sunburnt Swore Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Throve/Thrived Threw Thrust Trod Underwent Understood Undertook Upset Vext/Vexed Woke Wore Wove Wed/Wedded Wept Wended/Went Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrew Withheld Withstood Wrung Wrote Zinced/Zincked

Stuck Stung Stunk Stridden Struck/Stricken Strung Stript/Stripped Striven Sublet Sunburned/Sunburnt Sworn Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thriven/Thrived Thrown Thrust Trodden Undergone Understood Undertaken Upset Vext/Vexed Woken Worn Woven Wed/Wedded Wept Wended/Went Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrawn Withheld Withstood Wrung Written Zinced/Zincked

Sticks Stings Stinks Strides Strikes Strings Strips Strives Sublets Sunburns Swears Sweats Sweeps Swells Swims Swings Takes Teaches Tears Tells Thinks Thrives Throws Thrusts Treads Undergoes Understands Undertakes Upsets Vexes Wakes Wears Weaves Weds Weeps Wends Wets Wins Winds Withdraws Withholds Withstands Wrings Writes Zincs

Sticking Stinging Stinking Striding Striking Stringing Stripping Striving Subletting Sunburning Swearing Sweating Sweeping Swelling Swimming Swinging Taking Teaching Tearing Telling Thinking Thriving Throwing Thrusting Treading Undergoing Understanding Undertaking Upsetting Vexing Waking Wearing Weaving Wedding Weeping Wending Wetting Winning Winding Withdrawing Withholding Withstanding Wringing Writing Zincking

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INF.PRESENT Accept answer Arrive Ask Belong change Clean Climb Close consider Cook Count Dance Dare Date Deliver Dress End Enjoy Erase Expect Fill Finish Follow Help Hurry Intend Jump Learn Like Listen Live Look Love Miss Name Need Open Order Plan Plant Play Point practice Push Rain remember Rent Repeat Resist

PAST TENSE accepted answered arrived asked belonged changed cleaned climbed closed considered cooked counted danced dared dated delivered dressed ended enjoyed erased expected filled finished followed helped hurried intended jumped learned liked listened lived looked loved missed named needed opened ordered planned planted played pointed practiced pushed rained remembered rented repeated resisted

P. PARTICIPLE accepted answered arrived asked belonged changed cleaned climbed closed considered cooked counted danced dared dated delivered dressed ended enjoyed erased expected filled finished followed helped hurried intended jumped learned liked listened lived looked loved missed named needed opened ordered planned planted played pointed practiced pushed rained remembered rented repeated resisted

GERUND accepting answering arriving asking belonging changing cleaning climbing closing considering cooking counting dancing daring dating delivering dressing ending enjoying erasing expecting filling finished following helping hurrying intending jumping learning liking listening living looking loving missing naming needing opening ordering planning planting playing pointing practicing pushing raining remembering renting repeating resisting

SPANISH aceptar contestar llegar preguntar pertenecer cambiar limpiar trepar/escalar cerrar considerar cocinar contar bailar atreverse fechar/salir enviar vestir terminar disfrutar borar esperar llenar terminar seguir ayudar apurar tener la intencin de brincar aprender gustar escuchar vivir ver amar extraar nombrar necesitar abrir ordenar planear plantar jugar apuntar practicar empujar llover recordar rentar repetir resistir

Show Smoke Start Stay Stop Study Talk Travel Try Turn Use Visit Wait Walk Want Wash Wish Work

showed smoked started stayed stoped studied talked traveled tried turned used visited waited walked wanted washed wished worked

showed smoked started stayed stoped studied talked traveled tried turned used visited waited walked wanted washed wished worked

showing smoking starting staying stoping studying talking traveling trying turning using visiting waiting walking wanting washing wishing working

mostrar / ensear fumar empezar quedar parar estudiar hablar viajar intentar voltear / cambiar usar visitar esperar caminar querer / desear lavar desear / querer trabajar