Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Stress in a Beam
William Frain ENG 313 UA Karen OHara
Purpose
This set of instructions is geared towards beginning engineers who are learning, need a review, or looking for additional detail on how to calculate stresses in structural beams.
Background Information
Defining Constants:
F = Force M = Moment A = Area I = Moment of Inertia C = Centroid or = x and y distances of the centroid from the origin = Height = Base = Distance from center of beam to centroid = Stress
Definitions: Force: an exertion of pressure either focused toward or pulling away from an object. Moment: a measure of a forces tendency to rotate an object about some point. Moment of Inertia: the capacity of a cross-section to resist bending. Centroid: the center of mass of an object of uniform density. Stress: the deformation caused in a body by such a force.
Figure 1 Cross-Section The cross-section of a beam can be observed when looking at the beam from one end; an example of this can be seen in Figure 1.
I x I x Ad 2
Rectangle:
I y I y Ad 2
y`
b/2
I x 1 bh 3 12 I y 1 b 3 h 12
Triangle:
C h/2
x` x
b s
I x 1 bh 3 36
C b h/ 3
x` x
Circle: y
I x I y 1 r 4 4
Example Problem
Step 1 Determining Cross-Section Already completed in the problem definition. Step 2 Determining Forces Already completed in the problem definition. Step 3 - Calculating Area of Cross Section Division of sections can be observed to the left.
Step 5 Select Necessary Moment of Inertia Formulas Since the force is applied to the beam vertically the formulas needed for Step 5 are:
I y I y Ad 2
and
I x 1 bh 3 12
Combining these yields:
Step 7 Calculating the Moment The moment can be calculated by drawing a Shear (V(x)) and Moment (M(x)) diagrams.
10
11
Sources Title: http://www.rosboro.com/userfiles/X-Beam-Header-03-p.jpg Definitions: Force: http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/force-5 Moment: http://www.engin.brown.edu/courses/en3/notes/Statics/moments/momen ts.htm Moment of Inertia: http://www.chegg.com/homeworkhelp/definitions/moment-of-inertia-5 Centroid: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/centroid Stress: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stress Instructions: Figure 1: http://www.mathworks.com/help/physmod/sm/ug/i_beam_cross_section.p ng Figure 4: http://www.ejsong.com/mdme/memmods/mem30005a/trusses/trusses_fil es/equilibrium_sm.PNG Step 2: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/QcY3DTJvKB8/TtxdItxlukI/AAAAAAAAAFg/mpsIhTPv0iI/s320/porch-postbeam.jpg Step 8: http://me.erciyes.edu.tr/mkapalak/MKA-COURSES/STRENGTH2/EXAMS/STR2-34-1.pdf
12