International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue3 pp 141-144 June2013 www.ijsret.

org ISSN 2278 0882

Challenges in Grid computing

Harmeet Kaur
M.Phil (Department of computer Application) Guru Kashi university Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Pb) Harmeet_87@rocketmail.com

Kamal Gupta
M.Phil (Department of Computer Application) Guru Kashi University Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Pb) newstyle.kml@gmail.com

Abstract Cluster computing, utility computing, and distributed systems in general. This paper presents about Grid computing. It describes the features and architecture of grid computing. Grid computing provides many features but it has also many problems. The main goal of our paper is that find out the challenges of the grid computing, which are facing by grid at this time. Keywords:-Grid computing, Architecture, Distributed computing, Resource sharing

on internet protocols and ideas of parallel and distributed computing. [3]

Introduction: - Grid computing is quickly

becoming one of the most popular. A grid is a system that has the ability to manage and organize resources and services that are distributed across several control domains, utilize protocols and interfaces and supply high quality of service. [1] The goal is to create the illusion of a simple yet large and powerful self managing virtual computer out of a large collection of connected heterogeneous systems sharing various combinations of resources. The following major topics in grid computing: - what grid computing can do, grid concepts and components, grid construction, the present and the future. [2] But if the studied on these topics then many challenges occurs in grid computing. So in this paper we discuss many challenges, which are occurred in grid computing.

Today grid computing offers many solutions that already address and resolve the above problems. Grid computing solutions are conducted using a verity of technologies and open standards. Grid computing is turn; provide highly scalable, highly secure, and extremely high performance mechanisms for discovering and negotiating access to remote computing resources in seamless manner. [4]

Grid Characteristics: - These characteristics

may be described as follows: Large scale: A grid must be able to deal with a number of resources ranging from just a few to millions. This raises the very serious problem of avoiding potential performance degradation as the grid size increases. Geographical distribution: grids resources may be located at distant places.

Grid computing: - Grid Computing is based

on the philosophy of information and electricity sharing, allowing us to access to another kind of heterogeneous and geographically separated resources Grid provides the sharing of computational resources, storage elements, specific applications, equipment. Grid is based

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue3 pp 141-144 June2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

Heterogeneity: A grid hosts both software and hardware resources that can be very varied ranging from data, files, software components or programs to sensors, scientific instruments, display devices, personal digital organizers, computers, super-computers and networks. Resource sharing: Resources in a grid belong to many different organizations that allow other organizations (i.e. users) to access them. Nonlocal resources can thus be used by applications, promoting efficiency and reducing costs. Multiple administrations: Each organization may establish different security and administrative policies under which their owned resources can be accessed and used. As a result, the already challenging network security problem is complicated even more with the need of taking into account all different policies. Resource coordination: Resources in a grid must be coordinated in order to provide aggregated computing capabilities. [5] Architecture: - Grids provide protocols and services at five different layers as identified in the Grid protocol architecture. These are five layers in grid architecture.

Fabric layer: - Grids provide access to different resource types such as compute, storage and network resource, code repository, etc. Grids usually rely on existing fabric components, for instance, local resource managers. Connectivity layer:-It defines core communication and authentication protocols for easy and secure network transactions. The GSI (Grid Security Infrastructure) protocol underlies every Grid transaction. Resource layer: - It defines protocols for the publication, discovery, negotiation, monitoring, accounting and payment of sharing operations on individual resources. The GRAM (Grid Resource Access and Management) protocol is used for allocation of computational resources and for monitoring and control of computation on those resources, and Grid FTP for data access and high-speed data transfer. Collective layer: - It captures interactions across collections of resources, directory services such as MDS (Monitoring and Discovery Service) allows for the monitoring and discovery of VO resources. Application layer: - It comprises whatever user applications built on top of the above protocols and APIs and operate in VO environments. Two examples are Grid workflow systems, and Grid portals. [6]

Challenges of grid computing:- A lot of

heterogeneous hardware is used in order to create the Grid and, in addition, these devices are not managed by only one person but by different system administrators in each of the companies.[7] Grid follows the challenges that need to be resolved to harness the full power of grid: Figure: Grid Protocol Architecture No clear standard:-Grid computing uses various standards, but all grids are not use same standards. Example all grid operating system such as Linux, Apache

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue3 pp 141-144 June2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

and My SQL are using WSRF, UDDI, WWW, SOAP and XML standards. Oracle 10g enterprise implement without WSRF. IBM develops the Grid middleware based on J2EE. We cannot use different OS at the same machine in the same time in grid computing. Distributed computing Vs Grid computing: - Grid computing involves dynamic virtual organisation, resource sharing and peer to peer computing. The Grid intends to make access to computing power, scientific data repositories and experimental facilities as easy as the Web makes access to information. Same all facilities provide the grid computing. So it is a challenge for grid computing. Lack of grid enabled software: - The software, which are enabled the grid computing are less, It has limited software on Grid. Much software has not copyright issues and source code of licence. It is need for more company developing grid-enabled version, need more developers on grid development and need to develop open source software. Sharing Resources between Various Types of Services:- Grid used for sharing resource from various sites and grid hosts. It handles a massive amount of data as a grid platform. A lot of sites and multiple servers gathered there it is so complex infrastructure. It provides difficulty for hardware resource sharing within virtual organisation. Difficult to develop: Grid programming used java, XML, use web services WSDD, WSDL, UDDI, WSRF, and GT3developing guidelines. It is a matter who developing the grid Applications. Basically that is available for senior computer science developers and enterprise developers.

Limited Area & Applications:-Grid computing is used to solve for large and complex problems. Its area is limited such as scientists, developer, analysis and researchers. Grid computing is used in Hollywood flickers, industrial research, and biometric research and engineering research. Grid cannot use for common problems by common persons. Management and Administration: Many institutes and organizations used grid computing. It distributes the resources on large geographically distributed environments and accesses the heterogeneous devices and machines. So it is a major challenge to manage the administration of the grid computing.

Conclusion: - In this paper, we describe the

features and architecture of grid computing. We identify challenges and opportunities in grid computing. But the main objective of our paper is that to find the problems and challenges of grid environment, if these challenges are removed by researchers the grid computing can become more affective and powerful.

Reference
[1] Foster, I., Kesselman, K.: The Grid: Blueprint For A Future Computing Infrastructure. In: Morgan Kaufmann In Computer Architecture And Design (1999). [2] Luis Ferreira, Viktors Berstis, Jonathan Armstrong Introduction to Grid Computing with Globus IBM September 2003 [3] Mara S. Prez Grid and computing Facultad de Informtica Universidad Politcnica de Madrid cloud

[4] Joshy Joseph, Craig Fellenstein Grid computing published by Pearson Education, Inc. IBM Corporation 2004.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue3 pp 141-144 June2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

[5] 1Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi, 2Amid Khatibi Bardsiri Cloud Computing Vs. Grid Computing Dean of the Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Department , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN [6] 1, 2,3Ian Foster, 4Yong Zhao, 1Ioan Raicu, 5Shiyong Lu Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

[7] David Munoz Sanchez Comparison between security solutions in Cloud and Grid Computing Helsinki University of Technology [8]Gurleen Kaur1, Inderpreet Chopra2 Grid Computing- Challenges Confronted And Opportunities Offered 1Department of Computer Applications, PCTE, Ludhiana [9] Hai Jin Grid Computing Huazhong University of Science and Technology

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