JONABEE CARREON I.

Principle Involved When the sodium hydroxide reacts with acetic acid the NaOH, a base, abstracts the most acidic hydrogen on acetic acid, the hydrogen on the acid functionality. This generates sodium acetate . II. Procedure involved

8 grams of NAOH

8 ML of glacial acetic acid

Stir until NAOH dissolve

Wash the crystal with methanol

Place at room temperature until crystal form

III. Data and result

General Type Weak Acid and Strong Base Example NaOH added to acetic acid (CH3COOH)

IV. Discussion of report When a weak acid is titrated by a strong base, the fact that, in aqueous solution, the weak acid dissociates into a hydrogen ion and the conjugate base of the acid changes. V. Conclusion and recommendation I conclude that reactions of sodium hydroxide vary depending on the reactants used. I recommend that each test must be done carefully so that there will be much less error.

VI. Answer to guide question 1. How does the acetate ion exert its pharmacologic effect as a diuretic and as a systemic alkalizer? Sodium is the principal cation of extracellular fluid. It comprises more than 90% of total cations at its normal plasma concentration of approximately 140 mEq/liter. The sodium ion exerts a primary role in controlling total body water and its distribution. Acetate (CH3COO ), a source of hydrogen ion acceptors, is an alternate source of bicarbonate (HCO3) by metabolic conversion in the liver. This has been shown to proceed readily, even in the presence of severe liver disease. 2. Enumerate some pharmaceutical preparations containing sodium acetate. Explain the purpose of sodium acetate in these preparations. The MEDICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL industry uses it in formula for diuretic expectorants and systemic alkalizers. It is commonly used in dry blends for renal dialysis. The heat of crystallization generated by sodium acetate is widely and effectively used in the heat pack industry. Acidosis Treatment Acidosis is a condition that occurs when blood pH levels fall below 7.35, according to "Lab Tests Online." Because your kidneys are one of the major organs controlling blood pH, when they do not function correctly and fail to eliminate acids in urine, acidosis can develop . As an acid neutralizer, sodium acetate, added during hemodialysis, can help neutralize an acidic environment and restore blood pH levels to the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45 Anti-inflammatory Agent Sodium acetate combined with sodium phosphate, can become an ingredient in injections designed help reduce pain and swelling of the joints due to conditions such as bursitis. Bursitis is inflammation of a fluid-filled sac called the bursa that lies between the bone and tendon of your joints. Intravenous Use According to Drugs.com, 3.28g of sodium acetate anhydrous for each 20mL of water creates a solution suitable to add to intravenous fluids. Administering sodium acetate in this way can help reverse the effects of dehydration by restoring sodium levels in extracellular fluid, an electrolyte critical for controlling the amount of water in your body. 3. What are other methods of commercial manufacture of sodium acetate? What advantages and disadvantages does one have over the other? For laboratory use, sodium acetate is very inexpensive, and is usually purchased instead of being synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. These reactions produce aqueous sodium acetate and water. Carbon dioxide is produced in the

reaction with sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and it leaves the reaction vessel as a gas (unless the reaction vessel is pressurized). 4. What is recrystalization? Explain how it is done. Recrystallization is a laboratory technique used to purify solids based on their different solubilities. A small amount of solvent is added to a flask containing an impure solid. The contents of the flask are heated until the solid dissolves. Next, the solution is cooled. A more pure solid precipitates, leaving impurities dissolved in the solvent. Vacuum filtration is used to isolate the crystals. The waste solution is discarded. Summary of Recrystallization Steps 1. 2. 3. 4. Add a small quantity of appropriate solvent to an impure solid. Apply heat to dissolve the solid. Cool the solution to crystallize the product. Use vacuum fitration to isolate and dry the purified solid.

5. How is the product suitably dried? Explain your answer. Crystals of purified solid are isolated by filration. This is usually done with vacuum filtration, sometimes washing the purified solid with chilled solvent. If you wash the product, be sure the solvent is cold, or else you run the risk of dissolving some of the sample.The product may now be dried. Open-air drying may be used as well. 6. How does sodium acetate act as buffer? As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4-6). VII. References Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/243528-therapeutic-uses-of-sodiumacetate/#ixzz2Nqn5H3pJ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_acetate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(chemistry) http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryhowtoguide/ss/recrystallize_5.htm http://www.livestrong.com/article/137973-uses-sodium-acetate/ http://sodiumacetate.8m.com/Sodiumacetate%20Uses.html