1. The body of an herb contains just three basic parts. What are they?Leaves, stems, and roots. 11.

. Like clay, walls of collenchyma exhibits plasticity. Does that mean it can or it cannot be stretched? If a tissue is supported by collenchyma, can it still grow?It can be stretched and does not grow when the tissue is only supported with a collenchyma. 21. What is phyllotaxy? Corn and irises have two rows of leaves. This is known as ______ phyllotaxy.Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on the stem. The kind of phyllotaxy for corn and irises is called distitchies. 31. List the five types of secondary wall deposition that can occur in tracheary elements. Which two types are most characteristic of protoxylem? What is the selective advantage of vessel elements over tracheids?The five secondary wall deposition that occur in trachaery elements are annular, helical, scalariform, reticulate and circular bordered pits. Annular and pitted is most characteristic of the protoxylem. The selective advantage of vessel elements over tracheids is that vessel elements provide a way to move water with less friction. 41. Sieve elements lose their nuclei during development, but they must remain alive. What is the name of the cell associated with sieve cells? The one associated with sieve tube members? Sieve cells are associated withalbuminous cells while sive tube mebers are associated with companion cells. 7. What are the important differences between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. Parenchyma - most abundant cell type in plants (e.g. cells making up the fundamental ground tissues; usually unspecialized; characteristics include: living at maturity with a very thin cell wall

Collenchyma - found just below the epidermis in petiole (e.g. celery stalks), leaves, and young stems; usually specialized; characteristics include: living at maturity irregularly thickened cell walls (+cellulose)

Sclerenchyma - in mature parts of the plant, especially in woody plants and herbaceous perennials; specialized; characteristics include: dead at maturity - protoplast is absent (parang kulang sa tingin ko, please double check)

17. Technically the stem is an axis, whereas the shoot is the stem plus any leaves flowers or buds might be present. 27. What is the technical term for plant hair? Plant hairs make it difficult for animals to do certain things. Name three activities that are more difficult for an animal because of a hairy leaf.

- Trichomes - The hair leaf makes it hard for the animal to Land on, walk on or chew into a leaf 37. Look at the scanning electron micrographs in Box 5-3 Botany and Beyond Resin Casting. The tall micrograph on page 108 shows a cast of five vessel elements of one vessel with a few casts of fibers. What you are seeing is the plastic that flowed into the cells and then hardened. Which cells have a wider lumen, vessel elements or fibers. Use a ruler to measure the width of a fiber and a vessel element. (assume that the fiber is 2 um wide) what is the cross-sectional area of the fiber and of the vessel elements. Vessel Element is 3.3cm Fiber 0.4 cm 47. Describe the arrangement of tissues seen in a stem cross section; consider monocots separately from the other angiosperms. Is the arrangement different in a stolon than in a rhizome tuber or corm? No it is not different (Not sure here, cause stolon rhizome tuber and corm are kinds of stems but grow on different areas, like upward, underground, above ground and crawling) 23.Bulbs are shoot that have thick, fleshy leaves, Corms are vertical, thick stems that have thin, papery leaves, Rhizomes are horizontal stems that allow a plant to spread underground, Tubers are horizontal like rhizomes, but they grow for only a short period and are mainly a means of storing nutrients. All of these shoots are subterrenean, which is more advantageous than an exposed surface location 3. Over the years, several different names have been used for the flowering plants. Here they are called the division _____________, but they are known informally as _______. There are about ______ species of flowering plants. Magnoliophyta, agniosperms, 235 000 19. Figure 5-13a shows two types of buds. What are the two types and how do they differ? The two types are: Terminal and Axillary buds. The Terminal bud is located at the extreme tip of each stem while the Axillary bud is an embryonic shoot which lies at the junction of the stem and petiole of a plant. 5. An herb has only a primary plant body. That means it has roots,stems, and leaves, but it never becomes ________ and covered with _________. woody, bark 6 hours ago 25. What is the outermost surface of an herbaceous stem? The outer walls of this layer are encrusted with a chemical made up of fatty substance that makes the wall impermeable to water. What is the name of the substance and what is the name olf the layer? - epidermis -cutin -cuticle

33. Question : Other tracheids, those, pit-pair, pit membrane, fibers and sclereids 43. Describe plasmodesmata, pits, perforations, and sieve pores. Which connect living cells? Which connect nonliving cells? Which occur in secondary walls? Plasmodesmata - It is a narrow hole in the primary wall, containing some cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and a desmotubule; a means of communication between cells. Pits - In a sclerenchyma cell, it is an area where there is no secondary wall over the primary wall and material can pass into or out of the cell. Perforations - In a vessel element, it is the hole(s) where both primary and secondary walls are missing. Sieve Pores - It is the plasmodesmata of an immature sieve element that has enlarged to a diameter of more than 1m. 1. The body of an herb contains just three basic parts. What are they?Leaves, stems, and roots. 11. . Like clay, walls of collenchyma exhibits plasticity. Does that mean it can or it cannot be stretched? If a tissue is supported by collenchyma, can it still grow?It can be stretched and does not grow when the tissue is only supported with a collenchyma. 21. What is phyllotaxy? Corn and irises have two rows of leaves. This is known as ______ phyllotaxy.Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on the stem. The kind of phyllotaxy for corn and irises is called distitchies. 31. List the five types of secondary wall deposition that can occur in tracheary elements. Which two types are most characteristic of protoxylem? What is the selective advantage of vessel elements over tracheids?The five secondary wall deposition that occur in trachaery elements are annular thickening, helical thickening, scalariform thickening, reticulate thickening and circular bordered pits. Annular and helicl is most characteristic of the protoxylem. The selective advantage of vessel elements over tracheids is that vessel elements provide a way to move water with less friction. 41. Sieve elements lose their nuclei during development, but they must remain alive. What is the name of the cell associated with sieve cells? The one associated with sieve tube members? Sieve cells are associated withalbuminous cells while sive tube mebers are associated with companion cells. revised yan 33. Tracheids obtain water from other tracheids below them and pass it on to those above. As water passes into or out of a tracheid, it passes through a pit-pair. The set of primary walls and middles lamella in the fibers and sclereids is called a pit membrane. json 43! haha. i think plsmodesmata yung ngcoconnect sa cells, living or non living. tas s secondry wall na yung pits, perfortions and sieve blah. check nyo? 13. Collenchyma is plastic, but sclerenchyma is elastic. What does elastic mean? If you stretched or deform an elastic object, will it keep its new shape or snap back to its original shape? As an organ grows, its shape changes, but after it has achieved its mature size and shape, what kind of things would deform it? Should a mature organ have plastic properties or elastic ones (e.g., if a heavy load of snow bends a branch down, should the branch stay in its bent shape when the snow melts or should it go back to the

shape it grew to before the snow)? Elastic - it can be deformed, but return to its original size and shape when the pressure or tension is released. It will snap back to its original shape. Things that deformed it are wind, animals, and snow. It should go back to the shape it grew to before the snow. Perforation of vessel element is the region where in both primary and secondary wall is missing. It reduces friction because perforations are wide and completely lack primary walls. Vessels must absorb water from parenchyma cells, tracheids, or other vessels. Their side walls have pits for this lateral transfer. There are 3020 vessel elements in an average vessel element of American beech. No, the average American beech would not even fit to a plant this tall. 15. Fibers and sclereids have secondary walls that are so thick and tough that the cell cannot grow. If that is true, how do fibers and sclereids grow to their mature size and shape? Do they have a secondary wall even when they are young? Like all cells, sclereids and fibers develop from cells produced by cell division. It may expand only slightly, but if it is to develop into a fiber, it elongates greatly. But the way fibers and sclereids grow and mature are only limited and is bounded since they grow secondary walls while developing and growing. Young and newly formed fibers and sclereids dont have secondary wall, they only have primary wall called Parenchyma cells. 39. What is the name of the holes that interconnect conducting cells in phloem, and what are the groups of these holes called? The sieve pores (which was originally the group of plasmodesmata which undergone the process of enlargement of diameter by 1m) are the holes that interconnect conducting cells in phloem. The groups of these holes are called sieve areas.