ABC Canadian Formula/Conversion Table for Wastewater Treatment, Industrial, Collection and Laboratory Exams

Alkalinity, as mg CaCO3/L =
Volts Ohms

(Titrant Volume, mL) (Acid Normality) (50,000) Sample Volume, mL

Amps =

Area of Circle = (0.785) (Diameter2) or () (Radius2) Area of Cone (lateral area) = () (Radius) Radius 2 + Height 2

Area of Cone (total surface area) = () (Radius) (Radius + Radius 2 + Height 2 ) Area of Cylinder (total outside surface area) = [Surface Area of End #1] + [Surface Area of End #2] + [() (Diameter) (Height or Depth)] Area of Rectangle = (Length) (Width) Area of a Right Triangle =

(Base) (Height) 2
Sum of All Terms Number of Terms

Average (arithmetic mean) =

Average (geometric mean) = [(X1) (X2) (X3) (X4) (Xn)] 1/n The nth root of the product of n numbers Biochemical Oxygen Demand (unseeded), in mg/L = (Initial DO, mg/L) (Final DO, mg/L) Sample Volume, mL Final Diluted Volume, mL Chemical Feed Pump Setting, % Stroke =

(Desired Flow) (100%) Maximum Flow

Chemical Feed Rate, mL/min =

(Flow, m 3 /day) (Dose, mg/L) (Chemical Feed Density, g/cm 3 ) (Active Chemical, %)(1,440)

Circumference of Circle = () (Diameter) Composite Sample Single Portion =

(Instantaneous Flow) (Total Sample Volume) (Number of Portions) (Average Flow)

Cycle Time, min. =

Storage Volume, m 3 Pump Capacity, m 3 /minute - Wet Well Inflow, m 3 /minute

Degrees Celsius = [(Degrees Fahrenheit - 32) (5/9)] or

( F 32)
o

1.8

Degrees Fahrenheit = [(Degrees Celsius) (9/5) + 32] or [(Degrees Celsius) (1.8) + 32] Detention Time =

Volume Flow

Note: Units must be compatible.

Effective February 10, 2009

Electromotive Force (E.M.F), volts = (Current, amps) (Resistance, ohms) or E =IR Feed Rate, kg/day =
(Dosage, mg/L) (Flow Rate, m 3 /day) (Purity, Decimal Percentage) (1,000)

Filter Backwash Rate, L/m2 sec =

Flow, L/sec Filter Area, m 2

Water Rise, cm Time, minute

Filter Backwash Rise Rate, cm/min =

Filter Yield, kg/m2 hr =

(Solids Concentration, %)(Sludge Feed Rate, L/hr)(10) (Surface Area of Filter, m 2 )

Flow Rate, m3/sec = (Area, m2) (Velocity, m/sec) or Q = AV where: Q = flow rate, A = area, V= velocity Food/Microorganism Ratio =
BOD 5 , kg/day MLVSS, kg

Force, newtons = (Pressure, pascals) (Area, m2) Litres/Capita/Day = Volume of Wastewate r Produced, L/day Population

Hardness, as mg CaCO3/L =

(Titrant Volume, mL) (1,000) Only when the titration factor is 1.00 of EDTA Sample Volume, mL
(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft) (3,960) (Decimal Pump Efficiency)

Horsepower, Brake (bhp) =

Horsepower, Motor (mhp) =

(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft) (3,960) (Decimal Pump Efficiency) (Decimal Motor Efficiency)
(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft) 3,960
Total Flow Applied, m 3 /day Area, m 2

Horsepower, Water (whp) =

Hydraulic Loading Rate, m3/m2 day = Volume, L Time, days

Leakage, Lpd =

Mass, kg =

(Volume, m 3 )(Concentration, mg/L) 1000

Mass Flux, kg/day =

(Volume, m 3 / day)(Concentration, mg/L) 1000

Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT) = or Solids Retention Time (SRT), days

Aeration Tank TSS, kg + Clarifier TSS, kg TSS Wasted, kg/day + Effluent TSS, kg/day

Effective February 10, 2009

Molarity = Normality =

Moles of Solute Liters of Solution Number of Equivalent Weights of Solute Liters of Solution
Total Weight Equivalent Weight

Number of Equivalent Weights =

Number of Moles =

Total Weight Molecular Weight Organic Load, kg BOD 5 /day Volume

Organic Load, kg BOD 5 /day Surface Area of Media, m 2

Organic Loading Rate, kg/ m3 days =

Organic Loading Rate-RBC, kg/ m2 days =

Organic Loading Rate-Trickling Filter, kg/ m3 days =

Organic Load, kg BOD 5 /day Volume, m 3

Oxygen Uptake Rate/Oxygen Consumption Rate, mg/L/minute =

Oxygen Usage, mg/L Time, minute

Population Equivalent, Organic =

(Flow, m 3 /day) (BOD, mg/L) (1,000)(.077 kg BOD/day/person)

Power, kW =

(Flow, L/sec) (Head, m)(9.8) 1,000

Recirculated Flow Primary Effluent Flow

Recirculation Ratio-Trickling Filter =

Reduction in Flow, % =

(Original Flow - Reduced Flow) (100%) Original Flow

Reduction of Volatile Solids, % =

(In Out) (100) In

(In - Out)(100%) All information (In and Out) must be in decimal form In (In Out )

Removal, % =

Return Rate, % =

(Return Flow Rate) (100%) Influent Flow Rate

Return Sludge Rate-Solids Balance =

(MLSS) (Flow Rate) Return Activated Sludge Suspended Solids MLSS

Slope, % =

Drop or Rise x 100 Distance

Effective February 10, 2009

Sludge Density Index =

100 SVI

Sludge Volume Index, mL/g =

(SSV30 , mL/L) (1,000 mg/g) MLSS, mg/L

Solids, mg/L =

(Dry Solids, grams) (1,000,000) Sample Volume, mL

Weight, mg Volume, L

Solids Concentration, mg/L =

Solids Loading Rate, kg/day/m2 =

Solids Applied, kg/day Surface Area, m 2

Solids Retention Time (SRT): see Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT) Specific Gravity =

Specific Weight of Substance, kg/L Specific Weight of Water, kg/L OUR, mg/L/min (60 min) MLVSS, g/L (1 hr)

Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate/Respiration Rate, (mg/g)/hr =

Surface Loading Rate or Surface Overflow Rate, Lpd/m2 =

Flow, Lpd Area, m 2

Three Normal Equation = (N1 x V1) + (N2 x V2) = (N3 x V3), where V1 + V2 = V3 Two Normal Equation = N1 x V1 = N2 x V2, where N = concentration (normality), V = volume or flow Velocity, m/second =

Flow Rate, m 3 / sec Distance, m or 2 Time, second Area, m

(Dry Solids, g Fixed Solids, g) (100) Dry Solids, g

Volatile Solids, % =

Volume of Cone = (1/3) (0.785) (Diameter2) (Height) Volume of Cylinder = (0.785) (Diameter2) (Height) Volume of Rectangular Tank = (Length) (Width) (Height) Waste Milliequivalent = (mL) (Normality) Watts (DC circuit) = (Volts) (Amps) Watts (AC circuit) = (Volts) (Amps) (Power Factor) Weir Overflow Rate, Lpd/m =

Flow, Lpd Weir Length, m

Water Horsepower, HP x 100 Power Input, HP or Motor HP

Wire-to-Water Efficiency, % =

Effective February 10, 2009

Wire-to-Water Efficiency, % =

(Flow, gpm) (Total Dynamic Head, ft) (0.746 kw/hp) (100) (3,960) (Electrical Demand, kilowatts)

Conversion Factors: 1 acre = 4046.9 square metres 1 horsepower = 0.746 kW or 33,000 foot-pounds/minute 1 cubic metre = 1,000 kilograms 1 metre head = 9.8 kPa 1 cubic metre = 1,000 litres 1 pound = 0.454 kilograms 1 cubic metre = 219.97 Imperial gallons 1 pound per square inch = 6.89 kPa 1 cubic metre per second = 19.01 MIGD 1 square metre = 1.19 square yards 1 foot = 0.305 metre 1% = 10,000 mg/L 1 gallon = 3.79 litres or pi = 3.14 1 hectare = 10,000 square metres Population Equivalent, hydraulic = 378.5 litres/person/day Population Equivalent, organic = 0.077 kg BOD/person/day Abbreviations: BOD biochemical oxygen demand CBOD carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand cm centimetre COD chemical oxygen demand DO dissolved oxygen F/M ratio food to microorganism ratio g grams kPa kilopascals kg kilograms kW kilowatt L litres Lpd litres per day Lpm litres per minute m metres MCRT mean cell residence time mg/L milligrams per litre MIGD million Imperial gallons per day mL milliliter MLD million litres per day MLSS mixed liquor suspended solids

MLVSS OCR ORP OUR PE ppb ppm Q RAS RBC SDI SRT SS SSV30 SVI TOC TS TSS VS WAS

mixed liquor volatile suspended solid oxygen consumption rate oxygen reduction potential oxygen uptake rate population equivalent parts per billion parts per million flow return activated sludge rotating biological contactor sludge density index solids retention time settleable solids settled sludge volume 30 minute sludge volume index total organic carbon total solids total suspended solids volatile solids waste activated sludge

Effective February 10, 2009