AM 5117: Analytical Methods Assignment 1

August 8, 2013 Submission due: August 16, 2013

1. Suppose a population has a size distribution (a, t), where a is age and t is time; this implies that the number of members in the population at time t with age between a1 a and a2 is given by a12 a. The birth rate b(a) depends on age, as does the mortality rate m(a). These may also depend on time through social eects. Thus, m(a)(a, t)a is the number per unit time, dying at time t with age between a and a + a. A cohort of individuals age at a constant rate a = 1, while their numbers decline at a rate m(a), = m. Then the population growth is modeled by the following boundary where value problem t + a = m, known as the Von Foerster equation, and the birth rate appears in the boundary condition (0, t) = b(a)(a, t) da.
0

Show that the steady size distribution with age of a population satisfying the above two equations is given by the linear integral equation

(a) =
0

G(a, )( ) d,

where, G(a, ) should be specied. 2. Consider the advective-diusion problem discussed in the class. The governing equations for the advective diusion of heat from a cylinder in a uid ow, is given by c T + u T t = k 2 T,

with the boundary conditions being T = T0 at r = a, and T T as r . The length scale considered in the class for non-dimensionalization was a. Show that other possible length scales are k (T T0 ) k and . U U 3 If the rst is used, what happens to the boundary r = a ? Explain why this might be inconvenient.

3. A spherical homogeneous (i.e., purely mathematical) egg of radius a is placed in cold water at temperature T0 , the egg initially being at this temperature too. Over a time t0 , the water temperature Tw is increased linearly to T1 , where it is held constant. The temperature T in the egg is modeled by the heat conduction equation c T = k 2 T, t

where, is the density, c the specic heat capacity and k the thermal conductivity of the egg, all assumed constant, with the Newton boundary condition k T r = h(T Tw ).

r =a

Make the model dimensionless and identify the dimensionless parameters. What possible regimes might there be and how can you identify them by looking at the sizes of the dimensionless parameters? 4. Consider a tall chimney standing vertically on the ground. Assume that the height is measured along the vertical axis x with x = 0 at the ground. Under horizontal seismic loadings, the boundary condition of the chimney, modeled as a cantilever beam, is replaced from y (0, t) = 0 under no earthquake condition to y (0, t) = a cos t. Here, y (x, t) represents the transverse deections of the chimney in the vertical plane. The other boundary conditions are not aected by the earthquake loading and remains as yx (0, t) = 0, yxx (L, t) = yxxx (L, t) = 0, where, the subscripts denote partial dierentiation. Non-dimensionalize the unsteady unforced beam equation 4 2y 2 y =0 A 2 + EAk t x4 using the time scale 1/ implicit in the boundary condition. What is the appropriate scale for y ?