Chapter 10 Emotion may be defined as the condition of an organism during an experience that is affectively toned, whether mild or intense.

. Subjective Experience of the emotion the affective states or feelings like happiness, fear, sadness, and anger as well as joy, romance, disgust and others belong to this component. Physiological reaction this is refers to the bodily reactions primarily involving the activities of the autonomic nervous system. E.g. heart beat faster. Cognitive Appraisal This refers to the cognitive interpretations, thoughts or beliefs which occur together with the experience of emotion. It comes to mind automatically. E.g. happy when pass the exam. Behavioral Response These refers to overt behavioral reactions that occur with the experience of an emotion. E.g. Smile when satisfied, aggressive when angry Reactions to emotion e.g. when we are experiencing a negative emotion, our outlook towards the world may also be negative and vice versa. Comparing Emotion and motivation Theories of Emotion James-Lange Theory This theory proposes that our experience of emotion is due to our awareness or perception of the physiological and bodily responses we make to an emotion producing situation. e.g. happy because we smile, afraid because we tremble Cannon-Bard Theory- (Walter Cannon and Philip Bard) proposes that emotion producing stimuli activate the lower brain center, the hypothalamus, which sends messages to the cerebral cortex and organs such as the heart and the stomach. Schacter-Singer Theory- (Stanley Schacter and Jerome Singer) When people became aware that they are aroused, they search their environment to look for reasons for their arousal which lead them to experience emotion. (e.g. inlove or frightened) Opponent-Process Theory (Richard L. Solomon) Each emotion or state that we experience triggers a force to

experience the opposite emotion or state. (e.g. pain we feel relief if the stimulus that cause pain was removed) Classifying emotions Carroll Izard (9 basic emotion) - (Fear, anger, shame, contempt, disgust, distress, interest, surprise and joy) Robert Plutchik and Atkinson (8 basic emotion) (Fear, anger, disgust, surprise, curiosity, acceptance and joy) Expressing emotions Facial Expressions can indicate our true internal and emotional states. (e.g. eye- communicate sadness, mouth- happiness and disgust) Body language- expression of the body or body language communicate emotion. (e.g. sadness conveyed by a slumped back, lethargic movement, avoidance of eye contact, arms and legs crossed) Personal space a body language that has received a considerable research. This is a comfortable distance or buffer zone that people like to maintain between them and others. (e.g. we move close to people we like and move away from those we dislike) Explicit Acts and Verbal Reports Explicit acts such as banging the door or giving roses may convey emotions. Verbal pronouncement- when somebody say, I am so happy today! Or I feel so frustrated theres a good chance that a person is really feeling that way.