2 1.

(a) (b) (c) (i) The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (ii) 18 Q and R, Q and R have same number of protons but different number of neutrons/ different nucleon number (i) 2.8.7 (ii) Number of shells(3) 1 1 1 1 1

Number of electrons (iii 7 ) (iv) R(v) Atom R accepts one electron Total

1 1 1 1 10

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Electrical energy to chemical energy Refer to the diagram, copper at the left hand side Dissolves//becomes thinner Cu Cu2+ + 2e

1 1 1 1 1

Position of ion in Electrochemical Series

Remains unchanged//same 1 The rate of ionisation at the anode is balanced by the rate of copper(II) ions discharged at the cathode// Concentration of copper(II) ions in the 1 solution remains unchanged (i) Extraction of metal / Purification of metal 1

(g)

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3 (ii)

Iron spoon

Silver plate Silver nitrate solution

Correct apparatus set-up Correct label

1 1 Total 10

3 (a) Tin (b Atom ) (c) (i)

1 1 1

(ii)

Correct drawing Correct label (d ) In pure copper, the atoms can slide easily In alloy, tin atoms(foreign atoms) disrupt the orderly arrangement of copper atoms Layers of atoms cannot slide easily

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(e) To increase lustre / to beutify the metal surface / to make decorative /ornaments/shiny Does not corrode easily//to increase resistance towards corrosion

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4 Suitable scale Transferring of point is correct Graph is smooth and start from zero (b ) 36 120 = 0.3 cm3s-1 (c) Volume of gas/cm3
I

1 1 1 1 1

11 I

Time/s

The curve of graph II is less steep than the curve of graph 1. The volume of gas produced in experiment II is half produced in experiment 1. (d ) Temperature Total surface area

1 1 1 1 Total 10

(a) (b) (c) (d)

From electrode P to electrode Q G [show on the diagram] To allow movement flow of ions Iron(II) sulphate solution: green to brown Bromine water : brown to colourless (i) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e (ii)Br2 + 2e 2Br(i) Bromine water (ii) Iron(II) ion // Iron(II) sulphate solution//Fe2+//FeSO4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 10

(e)

(f) (g)

+2 to +3// +2 +3 Chlorine water // Acidified potassium manganate(VII) Solution//Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution

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5 6 (a) A: detergent B: soap (b (i) saponification ) (ii) sodium hydroxide / potassium hydroxide (iii ester ) (c) Detergent does not form scum (insoluble salt) with the Ca 2+ or Mg2+ ions present in the hard water. Soap forms scum in hard water. (d ) analgesic antibiotic psychotherapeutic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 10

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