Articulatory Phonetic The study of how the vocal tract produces speech sounds; the psychological characteristics and

distinctions of speech segment or sound. The most basic division among these segments is between consonants and vowels. Consonant Consonants are produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from the lungs. Classification of Consonants 1. Place of Articulation The part of the vocal tract at which constriction occurs during the production of consonants as known is place of articulation. Bilabial (lips) consonants consonants that are produced by closing the lips together (p b m w). And labiodentals consonants consonants that are produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth (f v ). Dental consonants that are articulated with the tongue against, or nearly against, the front teeth ( ). Alveolar consonants consonants that are produced by raising the tongue to the alveolar ridge. [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r] Palatal consonants consonants that are produced against the hard palate [] [] [t] [d] [j] Velar consonant consonants that are produced against the soft palate [k] [g] [] Glottal/glottal stop -- sound produced with constriction at the glottis; when the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal cords, a glottal stop is produced. [h] []

2. Manner of Articulation

The way the air stream is obstructed as it travels through the vocal tract. Stops, nasal, affricative are some manner of articulation. Stops: they are produced by a completed closure at a point of articulation. {p,b,t,k,g,} Fractives--- are produced with a so narrow constriction in the vocal tract as to create sound through friction. [f] [v] [] [] [s] [z] [] [] [h] Affricatives ---are the combination of stop and fricative. {d} {t} Nasals--- are formed when the air is allowed to pass only through the nose. {m} {n} {} Laterals----produced with air flowing past one or both sides of the tongue. {l} Semivowels are produced by shaping the tongue in different ways. {w}, {r}, {y} 3. Voiced and voiceless Voiced consonants consonants that are produced with vibrating vocal cords. Voiceless consonants consonants that are produced with open, no vibrating vocal cords.

All the nasals, laterals, and semivowels are voiced and h is voiceless.

Classification of vowels Vowels: vowels are produced without significant constriction of the air flowing through the oral cavity.